scholarly journals A Cognitive Approach to Diversity: Investigating the Impact of Board of Directors’ Educational and Functional Heterogeneity on Innovation Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ramzi Belkacemi ◽  
Kamal Bouzinab ◽  
Andrew Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Educational Diversity

Boards’ diversity has been studied mainly through the prism of ethics, which translated into a focus on characteristics such as gender and ethnicity. However, when the goal is to explain organizational outcomes, the cognitive approach seems more pertinent. Thus, rooted in a resource dependency perspective, this paper investigates the potential impact of directors’ deep level diversity (functional and educational diversity) on innovation performance based on an international sample of 97 firms for a total of 1027 directors. The findings highlight the negative effect of functional diversity (measured by diversity in the sectors of expertise), and on the opposite, the positive impact of educational diversity (measured by diversity in the fields of study) on innovation performance. This study also shows that the environment in which organizations evolve, both at the internal and external level, is crucial when it comes to innovation performance. These results are robust in that they remain consistent after addressing some potential endogeneity issues and have critical implications for both the professional and academic world.

The Impact of Employee Empathy on Brand Trust in Organizational Complaint Response Emails: A Closer Look at Linguistic Realization

2021 ◽  
pp. 232948842110323
Author(s):  
Rebecca Van Herck ◽  
Sofie Decock ◽  
Bernard De Clerck ◽  
Liselot Hudders
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Moderation Effects ◽  
Complaint Handling ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Handling Quality ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the effect of linguistic realizations of employee empathy (LREE) on brand trust in email responses to customer complaints. We explore possible mediating effects of perceived empathy and perceived complaint handling quality and we look into moderation effects of compensation (Study 1) or customer’s acceptance of blame (Study 2). Our aim is to find out if LREE have a negative or positive impact on the customer in cases of partial refunds, either because LREE are being perceived as insincere or as genuine expressions of concern. The results of two experiments show that LREE positively influence brand trust through higher perceived empathy and perceived complaint handling quality. However, the expected negative effect is not found, as LREE are more effective in a low versus high compensation condition. The effectiveness itself is not influenced by the acceptance of blame when a partial refund is offered.

Every coin has two sides: the impact of time pressure on employees’ knowledge hiding

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianchun Zhang ◽  
Zhu Yao ◽  
Wan Qunchao ◽  
Fu-Sheng Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Knowledge Hiding ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Time pressure is the most common kind of work pressure that employees face in the workplace; the existing research results on the effect of time pressure are highly controversial (positive, negative, inverted U-shaped). Especially in the era of knowledge economy, there remains a research gap in the impact of time pressure on individual knowledge hiding. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of different time pressure (challenge and hindrance) on knowledge hiding and to explain why there is controversy about the effect of time pressure in the academics. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected two waves of data and surveyed 341 R&D employees in China. Moreover, they used regression analysis, bootstrapping and Johnson–Neyman statistical technique to verify research hypotheses. Findings The results show that challenge time pressure (CTP) has a significant negative effect on knowledge hiding, whereas hindrance time pressure (HTP) has a significant positive effect on knowledge hiding; job security mediates the relationship between time pressure and knowledge hiding; temporal leadership strengthen the positive impact of CTP on job security; temporal leadership can mitigate the negative impact of HTP on job security. Originality/value The findings not only respond to the academic debate about the effect of time pressure and point out the reasons for the controversy but also enhance the scholars’ attention and understanding of the internal mechanism between time pressure and knowledge hiding.

scholarly journals Does Customer Demotion Jeopardize Loyalty?

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tillmann Wagner ◽  
Thorsten Hennig-Thurau ◽  
Thomas Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Loyalty Programs ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Loyalty Intentions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scenario Study

Hierarchical loyalty programs award elevated customer status (e.g., “elite membership”) to consumers who meet a predefined spending level. However, if a customer subsequently falls short of the required spending level, firms commonly revoke that status. The authors investigate the impact of such customer demotion on loyalty intentions toward the firm. Building on prospect theory and emotions theory, the authors hypothesize that changes in customer status have an asymmetric negative effect, such that the negative impact of customer demotion is stronger than the positive impact of status increases. An experimental scenario study provides evidence that loyalty intentions are indeed lower for demoted customers than for those who have never been awarded a preferred status, meaning that hierarchical loyalty programs can drive otherwise loyal customers away from a firm. A field study using proprietary sales data from a different industry context demonstrates the robustness of the negative impact of customer demotion. The authors test the extent to which design variables of hierarchical loyalty programs may attenuate the negative consequences of status demotions with a second experimental scenario study and present an analytical model that links status demotion to customer equity to aid managerial decision making.

Investigation of the lake-effect on the local thunderstorm activity around the Lake Fertő, Hungary

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayane Karapetyan ◽  
Veronika Barta
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Thunderstorm Activity ◽  
Lightning Activity ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

<p>Natural and artificial lakes are able to change the climate of their surroundings. These modifications are collectively known as lake effects and range from microscale to synoptic scale. The presence of the lake can cause negative effect on the local thunderstorm activity in summertime decreasing the convection and precipitation over lakes due to the greater stability created by the lower atmosphere and the colder surfaces of the lake [1, 2]. However, it also can have a positive impact on thundercloud generation when the temperature difference between air in 850 mb height and near earth's surface is more than 13 C causing instability in the atmosphere [3].</p><p> </p><p>The main objective of the present study is to investigate the impact of Lake Fertő (Neusiedler See, located in Hungary and Austria) on local thunderstorm activity by applying statistical analysis on meteorological and lightning data and event studies. Data of the Blitzortung lightning location network, local meteorological data (temperature, precipitation) measured at stations around the lake, water temperature measured at Fertőrákos and temperature measured at 850 mb in Vienna station were used for the analysis. The local thunderstorm activity was investigated during summertime (May - September) in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Lightning distribution maps above and around the lake for the investigated period have been determined based on the Blitzortung data.</p><p> </p><p>According to the lightning distribution maps we can not observe any positive impact of the lake on the lightning activity when water temperature was higher than the air temperature around the lake. Furthermore, we can not conclude that there is a clear negative effect of the lake on the lightning activity based on the lightning distribution maps when the air temperature is higher than the water temperature. Nevertheless, there are some months when it seems a clear border between the lightning activity measured above the lake and at the coast (e. g. in June and July 2015, June 2016). The negative effect also seems to appear in some cases of the investigated local individual thunderstorms, namely the thunderstorm activity is larger above the surrounding surface than directly above the lake. This seems to strengthen the hypothesis that "Deep convection is not often formed in summer above the lakes, and existing storms dissipate significantly when moving above the lakes due to the greater stability created by the lower atmosphere and the colder surfaces of the lake" [1].</p><p> </p><p>[1] Lyons, W. A., Some effects of Lake Michigan upon sqall lines and summertime convention. Proc. 9th Conf. Great Lakes Research, Great Lakes Res. Div. Publ. No. 15, University of Michigan, 259–273, 1966</p><p>[2] Scott, R. W., & Huff, F. A. . Impacts of the Great Lakes on Regional Climate Conditions. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 22(4), 845–863., 1996</p><p>[3] Wilson, J. W. : Effect of Lake Ontario on precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 105, 207–214., 1977</p>

scholarly journals Does the Technological Diversification and R&D Internationalization of eMNCs Promote Enterprise Innovation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Technological Diversification ◽  
Enterprise Innovation ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
The Impact

Under the background of digital economy, technological diversification and R&D internationalization are important strategic choices for eMNCs, represented by China, to seek advanced technological resources and create competitive advantages. This paper takes China's listed MNCs from 2009 to 2019 as the research object and applies a non-equilibrium panel negative binomial fixed effect regression to investigate the impact mechanism of technological diversification of China's MNCs on enterprise innovation performance and the moderating effect of overseas R&D networks. Results show that the related technological diversification of MNCs has a significant positive impact, and the unrelated technological diversification and their innovation performance are in inverted U-shaped relationship; overseas R&D networks have significant moderating effect while the breadth and depth of the moderating effect are not the same; significant differences exist in the moderating effect of overseas R&D networks due to the heterogeneity of institutional development levels among regions in China.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE AND SMARTPHONE ADDICTION ON YOUNGS’/ADOLESCENTS’ CAREER FUTURES: A STUDY AT HIGH SCHOOLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikret SÖZBİLİR
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Future Perceptions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Career Future

This study aims to determine the impact of social media usage and smartphone addiction of young people, who will be future employees of organizations, on their career future perceptions. In addition, it is aimed to provide recommendations, based on results regarding positive or negative effect of social media and smartphone usage on the formation of the perception of career future. In this empirical study, the data on perceptions concerning social media usage, smartphone addiction, career adaptability, and career futures were gathered by means of a questionnaire from 6259 participating students in Artvin in Turkey. Data were subjected to analysis with SPSS 24.0 software and presented in tables. The findings showed that social media usage has a significant and positive impact on career adaptability and career futures. Also, smartphone addiction has a significant and positive impact on career futures on the other hand it has a negative and significant impact on career adaptability.

Structural Reforms and Technical Efficiency in the Indian Electricity Distribution Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050004
Author(s):  
Sudhir Mahadeo Bobde ◽  
Makoto Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bootstrap Method ◽  
State Level ◽  
Electricity Distribution ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dea Efficiency ◽  
Distribution Sector ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of electricity reforms on the technical efficiency of the power distribution sector in India, using state-level panel data for the period 1995–2012. We use a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA), where DEA efficiency estimates obtained in the first stage are regressed on policy reform variables and some external environmental variables in the second-stage analysis. The bootstrap method is applied to analyze the statistical properties of the nonparametric estimates. First, we find that the partially unbundled structure of the electricity industry, where generation and distribution sectors are integrated but the transmission sector is separate, had significant positive impact on the technical efficiency of the distribution sector. Second, our result indicates that the legislation of electricity reforms had a significantly negative effect on technical efficiency. Third, we find that small-sized electricity distribution sectors/states experienced significant positive gain in technical efficiency when interacted with partial or full unbundling.

Government and innovation performance: evidence from the ICT enterprising community

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herolinda Murati-Leka ◽  
Besnik Fetai
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ict Companies

Purpose The purpose of this paper will be on finding and analyzing the impact of government on the information and communication technology (ICT) companies’ innovation performance. The study aims to conduct in-depth research about the government as an integrated actor of the innovation ecosystem (IE), not a sole member. This would be the core finding toward doing further research about the impact of the innovation ecosystem in the ICT sector in Kosovo. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative research has been considered the most suitable data collection method. Furthermore, in this study, it is used convenience sampling as a technique of the sampling process. The sample size of this study is 106 participants. The participants are owners or representatives of ICT companies in Kosovo. Since the study is conducted using the deductive approach, the questionnaire is considered to be the most suitable instrument for gathering data. Findings This paper provides empirical insights that the company’s size and the dedicated department for research and development have no impact on how the company takes advantage of public funding from the government. Furthermore, the authors of the paper found out that government has a positive impact on companies’ introduction of new products and services, while the impact of the government on a company’s financial performance was insignificant. Research limitations/implications The future research direction should be firstly on studying other IE actors and their impact on companies’ innovation performance and secondly on measuring the IE actors as a set of actors to have a broader picture on how IE impacts the companies’ innovation performance. Practical implications The scientific contribution of this study will be on mapping, analyzing and proposing government policies in accordance with the findings of this study that would lead to a more comprehensive and sustainable IE in Kosovo. Originality/value This study tries to fulfill an identified need to study the impact of interconnected actors of an innovation ecosystem and to show how they affect each other. In this study, it is taken for research one fragment of a set of actors.

How do formal and informal institutional distance affect the reverse knowledge spillover of Chinese MNCs?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi She ◽  
Jin Hong ◽  
Chuwei Ji
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Parent Company ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Mncs ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study examines the impact of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) of Chinese multinational corporations (MNCs) and formal and informal institutional distances between the home and host countries on the innovation performance of parent company.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses panel data to conduct an empirical analysis on the data of 59 mature Chinese MNCs and their 872 overseas subsidiaries over the past 11 years and draws interesting results.FindingsResults show that OFDI and formal and informal institutional distances between countries exert a significant positive impact on the innovation performance of the parent company and formal and informal institutional distances negatively moderate the impact between OFDI and the parent company's innovation performance.Originality/valueAlthough international business research pays increasing attention to transnational differences in institutions and cultures, research on the relationship between technology spillover and distance is relatively limited. In addition, few studies consider the impact of FID and IFID on transnational reverse knowledge spillovers. This research fills these research gaps, and the conclusions have certain practical significance for multinational companies.

The impact of digitalisation vision and information technology on organisations' innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Parveen Tajudeen ◽  
Devika Nadarajah ◽  
Noor Ismawati Jaafar ◽  
Ainin Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Process Innovation ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
It Integration ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Impact

PurposeBased on the dynamic capability theory (DCT), this study examines the role of digitalisation vision and the impact of key information technology (IT) strategies, such as IT flexibility, IT integration and IT agility, on organisations' process innovation capability and the subsequent impact these may have on innovation performance.Design/methodology/approachData for this study were collected from 153 public listed organisations in Malaysia. The survey questionnaire method was used to collect the data from the organisations' representatives.FindingsResults showed that it is important for organisation to have a strategic digitalisation vision to improve their process innovation capabilities. IT agility and IT integration also had a significant positive relationship with the process innovation capabilities of the organisations, which in turn had a positive impact on innovation performance.Originality/valueDigital transformation and innovation are crucial for organisations to survive in the era of Industry 4.0. However previous studies have not captured the role of digitalisation vision, strategic IT components and its impact on process innovation capabilities. The current study filled up the gap and examined these relationships. The outcome of this study provides valuable insights for managers to understand the importance of digitalisation and the need to focus on key IT strategies. Such insights can be used to improve organisations' process capability which is critical for innovation and performance.

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