Impact of Workplace Diversity on Employee Performance

The authors explore how the milieu of workplace diversity affects the relationship between employee and performance. In particular, we theorize and empirically examine the moderating effects of four (4) categories of diversity context variables: age, gender, ethnicity, and educational background. The authors perform analyses on 175 out of 320 respondents consisting of academic and administrative staff of four selected private universities in Ghana. The results showed, for example, that workplace diversity has an overall influence on employee performance, however, educational diversity has more effect on employee performance in the universities compared to the other competing variables used in this study. Age and educational diversity had a significant impact on employee performance in the universities whilst gender and ethnicity diversity had no influence on their performance. We discuss future research directions regarding diversity, workgroup context, and performance outcomes and outline some recommendations for administrators and university leaders.

Diversitas Pendidikan Multidimensional dalam Pertunjukan Kentongan Bambu Laras Banyumas Jawa Tengah

ABSTRACTThis study aims to identify the Kentongan Bambu Laras show and explore the contextualization of educational diversity in the Kentongan Bambu Laras performance. This study uses a qualitative method to recontextualize educational diversity in Kentongan Bambu Laras, Patikraja Village, Patikraja District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation, and literature study. The data obtained were analyzed with a musicological approach used to analyze the form of Kentongan Bambu Laras performance from how to play and form music (form) and organology (instrumentation). The results showed that the value of honesty, discipline value, hard work value, and creative value were found in the Kentongan Bambu Laras performance. Furthermore, the recontextualization of multidimensional education lies in the instrumentation and complexity of the performances to develop physical or motor skills, perceptual, intellectual, emotional, social, creativity.Keywords: multidimensional education diversity, kentongan music performance, Kentongan Bambu Laras ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pertunjukan Kentongan Bambu Laras dan mengeksplorasi terkait rekontekstualisasi diversitas pendidikan dalam pertunjukan Kentongan Bambu Laras. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif terhadap fenomena rekontekstualisasi diversitas pendidikan dalam Kentongan Bambu Laras, Desa Patikraja, Kecamatan Patikraja, Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan pendekatan musikologi yang digunakan untuk menganalisis bentuk pertunjukkan kesenian Kentongan Bambu Laras dari cara bermain dan bentuk musik (form), dan organologi (instrumentasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai kejujuran, nilai disiplin, nilai kerja keras, dan nilai kreatif terdapat dalam pertunjukan Kentongan Bambu Laras. Lebih lanjut, rekontekstualisasi pendidikan multidimensional terletak pada instrumentasi dan kompleksitas pertunjukan mengembangkan kemampuan fisik atau motorik, perseptual, intelektual, emosional, sosial, kreativitas.Kata Kunci: Diversitas pendidikan multidimensional, pertunjukan musik kentongan, Kentongan Bambu Laras

Public Archaeology and Museum: A Humanistic Education

ABSTRACT In recent years, museum education has become a popular way, not only the various public education activities of the museum, but also the opening of archaeological sites for public participation. And this kind of education not only improves the humanities education, but also improves the degree of public participation in archaeology, making archaeology public. In this context, explore the possibility of collaboration between public archaeology and museums, and the diversity of humanistic education. KEYWORDS: public archaeology, museum education, humanities education, educational diversity, archaeological teaching methods

Generalist versus specialist CEO and R&D commitment: evidence from an emerging market

Leveraging the human capital specificity and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO)–top management team (TMT) interface literature, this study explores the impact of generalist versus specialist CEOs on R&D commitments by Indian firms under the boundary conditions of TMTs' functional and educational diversity. Based on a sample of 253 firms over a period of 6 years, in contrast to previous studies, our findings suggest that specialist CEOs are more likely to invest in R&D than generalist CEOs; however, when supported by functionally and educationally diverse TMT, the R&D commitment of generalist CEOs increases as well.

A Cognitive Approach to Diversity: Investigating the Impact of Board of Directors’ Educational and Functional Heterogeneity on Innovation Performance

Boards’ diversity has been studied mainly through the prism of ethics, which translated into a focus on characteristics such as gender and ethnicity. However, when the goal is to explain organizational outcomes, the cognitive approach seems more pertinent. Thus, rooted in a resource dependency perspective, this paper investigates the potential impact of directors’ deep level diversity (functional and educational diversity) on innovation performance based on an international sample of 97 firms for a total of 1027 directors. The findings highlight the negative effect of functional diversity (measured by diversity in the sectors of expertise), and on the opposite, the positive impact of educational diversity (measured by diversity in the fields of study) on innovation performance. This study also shows that the environment in which organizations evolve, both at the internal and external level, is crucial when it comes to innovation performance. These results are robust in that they remain consistent after addressing some potential endogeneity issues and have critical implications for both the professional and academic world.

Diversity in boardrooms and firm performance: The role of tenure and educational level of board members

Diversity on corporate boards has been studied from different perspectives in recent decades. The present study aims at investigating the impact on firm performance of two demographic diversity traits in boardrooms: tenure and educational diversity. The extant literature does not provide aligned findings on this topic, thus further research is still needed. The authors hypothesize that both tenure and educational diversity of board members have a positive effect on firm performance. To measure firm performance two dependent variables are used, applying two models for each hypothesis investigated Tobin’s Q and return on assets. The study is conducted using sample data of 187 listed firms within the European area, covering a 9-year period, from 2010 to 2018. Diversity dimensions are measured through indexes constructed on the basis of the mix among the directors in terms of educational level and tenure. The outcomes highlight a significant and positive relationship between tenure diversity on corporate boards and firm performance. In terms of the impact of educational diversity, no evidence indicating a positive effect on firm performance is found. The research carried out is unique because it considers two personal attributes of diversity calculating diversity indexes and measuring their impact on the firm’s performance. The econometric approach used has not been extensively applied in previous research. In fact, the majority of previous empirical studies have measured diversity through percentages or dummy variables, depending on the type of diversity aspect being analyzed, and then used it as the independent variable.

Educational diversity and individual pay: the advantages of combining academic and VET graduates in the workplace

This study analyzes how worker pay is related to educational diversity, i.e., diversity in the educational composition of work groups in terms of the different types of vocational and academic education. As previous research shows that various types of diversity have positive effects in the workplace, a positive effect due to ‘educational diversity’ also seems plausible. We provide novel empirical evidence on the relation between the educational diversity of work groups and productivity, or more precisely, individual workers’ pay. Using theoretical considerations drawn from diversity research, we develop hypotheses on the relation between a group’s educational diversity and individual workers’ pay. Drawing on an exceptionally large set of employer-employee data with more than 87,000 employers and 1,200,000 employees, we test our hypotheses and find that the educational diversity of work groups—and thus work groups with workers of different types of vocational and academic education—is positively related to individual workers’ pay. Thus, educational diversity in the form of a combination of academic and Vocational Education and Training (VET) graduates in the workplace seems to be advantageous for the workers involved. Our findings suggest that educational diversity is especially beneficial in groups with high levels of task complexity and shorter organizational tenure.