scholarly journals Access to Microfinance Institution and Official Banks and the Impact on Small Business in Togo

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Koffi Sodokin
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Microfinance Institution ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to analyze the impact of access to a microfinance institution and official banks on households’ small businesses in Togo. The study uses data from the Harmonized Survey of Household Living Conditions conducted in 2019 by the National Institute of Statistics, Economic and Demographic Studies on 27,480 individuals and 6,171 households in Togo. The paper uses propensity score matching. The results show that credit access improves households’ small businesses, particularly in Togo’s agriculture sector.

Assessment of small businesses activities in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Igor Ponomarenko ◽  
Kateryna Volovnenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The subject of the research is a set of approaches to the statistical analysis ofthe activities of small business entities in Ukraine, including micro-enterprises. The purpose of writing this article is to study of the features of functioningof small business entities in Ukraine. Methodology. The research methodology isto use a system-structural and comparative analysis (to study the change in thenumber of small enterprises by major components); monographic (when studyingmethods of statistical analysis of small businesses); economic analysis (when assessing the impact of small business entities on socio-economic phenomena andprocesses in Ukraine). The scientific novelty consists to determine the features ofthe functioning of small businesses in Ukraine in modern conditions. The influenceof the activities of the main socio-economic and political indicators on the activities of small enterprises in recent periods of time has been identified. It has beenestablished that there is flexibility in the development of strategies by small businesses in conditions of significant competition, which makes it possible to quicklyrespond to changing situations in specific markets. Conclusions. The use of acomprehensive statistical analysis of small businesses functioning in Ukraine willallow government agencies to develop a set of measures to optimize the activitiesof these enterprises, which ultimately will positively affect the strengthening oftheir competitiveness and will contribute to the growth of the national economicsystem.

scholarly journals Effects of Regional Bank Merger on Small Business Borrowing: Evidence from Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Hironobu Miyazaki ◽  
Hiroyuki Aman
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Loan Portfolio ◽  
Small Business Lending ◽  
Borrowing Costs ◽  
Bank Merger ◽  
Regional Bank ◽  
Small Business Loans ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of a regional bank merger in Japan on borrowing by small businesses, focusing on firms that borrow from the acquiring bank, the acquired bank, or both. First, we find that post-merger borrowing costs declined. This result suggests that small borrowers enjoy more favorable post-merger financing conditions because efficiencies from economies of scale lead to lower costs. Second, we<strong> </strong>find that post-merger borrowing costs decline for firms that borrow only from the acquiring or acquired bank, whereas they did not decline for firms that borrow from both. Third, we find that only small business loans to firms that borrow from both the acquiring and acquired banks decrease post-merger. This result suggests that small business lending might decline because of a merged bank’s loan portfolio and lending strategy.

scholarly journals Impact of Multidisciplinary Stroke Post-Acute Care on Cost and Functional Status: A Prospective Study Based on Propensity Score Matching

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Chong-Chi Chiu ◽  
Jhi-Joung Wang ◽  
Chao-Ming Hung ◽  
Hsiu-Fen Lin ◽  
Hong-Hsi Hsien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Acute Care

Few papers discuss how the economic burden of patients with stroke receiving rehabilitation courses is related to post-acute care (PAC) programs. This is the first study to explore the economic burden of stroke patients receiving PAC rehabilitation and to evaluate the impact of multidisciplinary PAC programs on cost and functional status simultaneously. A total of 910 patients with stroke between March 2014 and October 2018 were separated into a PAC group (at two medical centers) and a non-PAC group (at three regional hospitals and one district hospital) by using propensity score matching (1:1). A cost–illness approach was employed to identify the cost categories for analysis in this study according to various perspectives. Total direct medical cost in the per-diem-based PAC cohort was statistically lower than that in the fee-for-service-based non-PAC cohort (p < 0.001) and annual per-patient economic burden of stroke patients receiving PAC rehabilitation is approximately US $354.3 million (in 2019, NT $30.5 = US $1). Additionally, the PAC cohort had statistical improvement in functional status vis-à-vis the non-PAC cohort and total score of each functional status before rehabilitation and was also statistically significant with its total score after one-year rehabilitation training (p < 0.001). Early stroke rehabilitation is important for restoring health, confidence, and safe-care abilities in these patients. Compared to the current stroke rehabilitation system, PAC rehabilitation shortened the waiting time for transfer to the rehabilitation ward and it was indicated as an efficient policy for treatment of stroke in saving medical cost and improving functional status.

scholarly journals Adoption of improved agricultural technology and its impact on household income: a propensity score matching estimation in eastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluken G. Wordofa ◽  
Jemal Y. Hassen ◽  
Getachew S. Endris ◽  
Chanyalew S. Aweke ◽  
Dereje K. Moges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Adoption of improved agricultural technologies remains to be a promising strategy to achieve food security and poverty reduction in many developing countries. However, there are limited rigorous impact evaluations on the contributions of such technologies on household welfare. This paper investigates the impact of improved agricultural technology use on farm household income in eastern Ethiopia. Methods Primary data for the study was obtained from a random sample of 248 rural households, 119 of which are improved technology users and the rest are non-users. The research employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure to establish the causal relationship between adoption of improved crop and livestock technologies and changes in farm income. Results Results from the econometric analysis show that households using improved agricultural technologies had, on average, 23,031.28 Birr (Birr is the official currency of Ethiopia. The exchange rate according to the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) was 1 USD = 27.6017 Birr on 04 October 2018.) higher annual farm income compared to those households not using such technologies. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting multiple and complementary agricultural technologies among rural smallholders. Conclusions We suggest that rural technology generation, dissemination and adoption interventions be strengthened. Moreover, the linkage among research, extension, universities and farmers needs to be enhanced through facilitating a multistakeholders innovation platforms.

Was it worth it? The impact of the German minimum wage on union membership of employees

2021 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2110358
Author(s):  
Simon Ress ◽  
Florian Spohr
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
German Trade ◽  
The Impact

This contribution scrutinises how introducing a statutory minimum wage of EUR 8.50 per hour, in January 2015, impacted German employees’ decision with regard to union membership. Based on representative data from the Labour Market and Social Security panel, the study applies a logistic difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach on entries into and withdrawals from unions in the German Trade Union Confederation (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, DGB). The results show no separate effect on withdrawals from or entries into unions after the minimum wage introduction for those employees who benefited financially from it, but a significant increase of entries overall. Thus, unions’ campaign for a minimum wage strengthened their position in total but did not reverse the segmentation of union membership patterns.

FEATURES OF THE RUSSIAN SMALL BUSINESS MODEL AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Natal’ya E. Egorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Structural Instability ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the quantitative and structural stability of Russian small business and identifies the model features of its functioning. It investigates the dynamics of development of Russian small business is investigated and notes a downward trend in the number of small and medium-sized enterprises over the past two years. A conclusion is drawn that the quantitative indicators reflecting its functioning are highly sensitive to the negative effects of the macroeconomic environment. The author introduces a concept of the small business heterogeneity and brings up its structural characteristics, represented by various categories of small and medium-sized firms. Comparative analysis of the Russian small business model with foreign small business confirms its quantitative and structural instability. That makes the considered sector of the national economy vulnerable to shocks (externalities), including the COVID-19 pandemic. It is assumed that the negative consequences of the pandemic will affect Russian small businesses more than foreign ones, and the gap in their development levels will widen. An assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Russian small business and a forecast of its development are made in the context of limited government support and the absence of active bank lending.

scholarly journals USING PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING METHOD TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACT OF VIETGAP PROGRAM ON THE HEALTH OF FARMERS IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE, VIETNAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (5B) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Trần Huỳnh Bảo Châu
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p><p>This study estimates the impact value of the VietGAP program when applied to vegetable production on the health of farmers in Thua Thien Hue province. By employing the propensity score matching (PSM) method, our findings show that the VietGAP program has a significant impact on farmers’ health. In particular, the program reduces farmers’ health problems due to pesticide exposure by 15.6 %, 22.9 %, 25.5 %, and 23.6 %, respectively, from four types of matching. This study provides evidence of the positive impacts of the VietGAP program on the health status of farmers in Thua Thien Hue province. It is therefore hoped that the production, consumption, and management solutions provided by the VietGAP program can encourage farmers to use environment-friendly agricultural practices.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>propensity score matching (PSM) method, VietGAP program, farmers’ health</p>

scholarly journals Impact Evaluation of Raskin Program using Matching Method: Case of IFLS 5

JEJAK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Endiarjati Dewandaru Sadono
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
Small Benefit ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Beras untuk Keluarga Miskin (RASKIN) program has been applied since 1998 and has been renamed as Beras Sejahtera (RASTRA) in early 2017, but their effectiveness is still debatable. This study tries to evaluate the impact of RASKIN program on household income. Using data from 3,745 households in Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 that has been estimated using propensity score matching, this study has identified precisely that RASKIN program has a negative and significant effect on household income. This happens because the benefits that reveived by Rumah Tangga Sasaran (RTS) are very small. The small benefit is affected by the amount of rice received, frequency and price that have been paid to get RASKIN is not in accordance with the guidelines. The result of this study is along with previous studies, where the amount and price of rice that distributed through RASKIN program is not exactly correct. Therefore, there must be a change in program format, not just renaming from RASKIN to RASTRA only.

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