scholarly journals Psychological Risk Factors of Future Drug Offending among Young Offenders in Hong Kong - A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Elise S. W. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Social Problem Solving ◽  
Young Offenders ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Crime Severity ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Future Drug ◽  
Psychological Risk

In recent years there is a growing concern on drug offenders in Hong Kong. Despite its over-representation in prison and recidivists, drug offending has seldom been studied systematically in risk factor research. The issue as to whether drug offending has specific psychological risk factors or they share a common set of risk factors with general offending remains largely unaddressed. This research applied a longitudinal design to investigate this issue. Using a data-set on young offenders’ psychological characteristics established in 2004 in the Hong Kong Correctional Services, and re-conviction data retrieved 11 years later in 2015, ANCOVA with planned orthogonal contrasts and Discriminant Function Analysis, Correlation and Regression analyses were used to analyze factors predicting post-release outcomes including recidivism, drug offending, and crime severity. Results revealed two sets of psychological risk factors with little overlap that could predict general recidivism (of all types of crime) and future drug offending. Recidivism could be predicted by low Future Time Perspective and Empathy, and high Assertiveness. Low Empathy was predictive of post-release crime severity of non-drug offending recidivists. Drug offending, in contrast, could be predicted by high Impulsiveness and Social Problem-solving deficits during adolescence. These two variables, together with low Assertiveness, also predicted post-release crime severity of drug-offending recidivists. Implications to future intervention and research were discussed.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and Psychological Risk Factors for Anxiety and Depression: Findings from the Covid-19 Health and Adherence Research in Scotland on Mental Health (CHARIS-MH) Cross-sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Hubbard ◽  
Chantal den Daas ◽  
Marie Johnston ◽  
Diane Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Illness Representations ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Risk

Abstract Background Investigations about mental health report prevalence rates with fewer studies investigating psychological and social factors influencing mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic. Study aims: (1) identify sociodemographic groups of the adult population at risk of anxiety and depression and (2) determine if the following social and psychological risk factors for poor mental health moderated these direct sociodemographic effects: loneliness, social support, threat perception, illness representations. Methods Cross-sectional nationally representative telephone survey in Scotland in June 2020. If available, validated instruments were used, for example, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) to measure anxiety and depression. Simple linear regressions followed by examination of moderation effect. Results A total of 1006 participants; median age 53 years, 61.4% female, from all levels of area deprivation (i.e., 3.8% in the most deprived decile and 15.6% in the most affluent decile). Analyses show associations of anxiety and depression with sociodemographic (age, gender, deprivation), social (social support, loneliness) and psychological factors (perceived threat and illness representations). Mental health was poorer in younger adults, women and people living in the most deprived areas. Age effects were exacerbated by loneliness and illness representations, gender effects by loneliness and illness representations and deprivation effects by loneliness, social support, illness representations and perceived threat. In each case, the moderating variables amplified the detrimental effects of the sociodemographic factors. Conclusions These findings confirm the results of pre-Covid-19 pandemic studies about associations between sociodemographics and mental health. Loneliness, lack of social support and thoughts about Covid-19 exacerbated these effects and offer pointers for pre-emptive action.

Chronic low back pain and the transdiagnostic process: How do cognitive and emotional dysregulations contribute to the intensity of risk factors and pain?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaux Le Borgne ◽  
Abdel Halim Boudoukha ◽  
Audrey Petit ◽  
Yves Roquelaure
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Somatosensory Amplification ◽  
Psychological Risk

AbstractBackground and aimsBased on a transdiagnostic approach, this study assesses the impact of cognitive and emotional processes (difficulties in emotional regulation, impulsiveness, rumination and somatosensory amplification) on the psychological risk factors of chronic low-back pain.MethodsThe study was carried out with 256 patients with chronic low-back pain. All the variables were assessed through a booklet of 10 validated questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis and moderation analysis were performed.ResultsPredictors included in multiple regression models explain 3%-42% (adjusted R2) of the variance in psychological risk factors. Moreover, analyses reveal a significant moderator effect of somatosensory amplification on the link between fear-avoidance beliefs linked to work and pain intensity (F(3;250) = 12.33; p = .00), of somatosensory amplification and brooding on the link between depression and functional repercussions (FR) on everyday life (F(3;252) = 13.36; p = .000; F(1;252) = 12.42; p = .00), of the reflection dimension of rumination on the link between the helplessness dimension of catastrophizing and FRs on sociability (F(3;252) = 37.02; p = .00). There is also a moderation analysis with a significant trend concerning the lack of emotional awareness and the difficulties in controlling impulsive behaviours.ConclusionsOur results indicate an important role of some dimensions of difficulties in emotional regulation, somatosensory amplification and rumination in the increase in negative affects and dysfunctional beliefs, and in the links between those psychological risk factors and pain/disability.ImplicationsThis study identifies some cognitive and emotional dysregulations substantially involved in work-related chronic pain. This contribute to put in place psychotherapeutic protocols to tackle these deficits and dysregulations in a relevant way.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Psychological Risk Factors: Prospective Prediction of Psychopathology during Basic Training

1999 ◽  
Vol 164 (7) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darin R. Lerew ◽  
Norman B. Schmidt ◽  
Robert J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Risk
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