scholarly journals Dry Mass Accumulation, Nutrients and Decomposition of Cover Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Conceição de Sousa ◽  
João Carlos Medeiros ◽  
Julian Junio de Jesus Lacerda ◽  
Jaqueline Dalla Rosa ◽  
Cácio Luiz Boechat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

The use of cover crops is an important strategy for soil management in the Brazilian Cerrado to improve no-tillage (NT) systems. For this, it is necessary know the potential of cover crop species for biomass production, nutrient cycling, and persistence of residues on the soil surface in soils and climatic conditions of this biome. Thus, the experiment was developed to evaluate the agronomic potential of cover crops cultivated on an Oxisol (Latossolo Amarelo) in the Cerrado of Piauí, Brazil. The experiment was conducted from January 2015 to July 2016. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 11 treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of single and intercropped cover species. The evaluations were: dry mass production, nutritional composition of the plants, nutrient accumulation by dry mass produced and decomposition rate of the dry mass produced for each treatment. The higher dry matter production was obtained with Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan (cv. IAC-Fava larga), Pennisetum glaucum and Brachiaria ruziziensis. The lower dry matter production was obtained with Mucuna aterrima, and mix of Crotalaria spectabilis + Pennisetum glaucum. The higher nutrients accumulation in the plants occurred for Cajanus cajan (cv. IAC-Fava larga), Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria spectabilis. The cover plants studied presented good potential for soil conservation, due to the permanence of residues on the surface, except for Mucuna aterrima and Crotalaria spectabilis.

scholarly journals Suppressive effects on weeds and dry matter yields of cover crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-574
Author(s):  
Alexandre Cunha de Barcellos Ferreira ◽  
Ana Luiza Dias Coelho Borin ◽  
Julio Cesar Bogiani ◽  
Fernando Mendes Lamas
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the dry matter yield of cover crops and their suppressive effects on weeds. The experiment was carried out during three years in a cerrado area of the state of Goiás, Brazil, and consisted of 16 treatments with fallow and cover crops cultivated in single cropping and intercropping. Fallow allowed high weed infestation. Cover crops affected the composition of weeds, which showed greater diversity in fallow, followed by the Pennisetum glaucum 'BRS 1501' and Cajanus cajan crops. In the average of the three experimental years, the highest dry matter yield was observed for the treatments Panicum maximum (10,857 kg ha-1), Urochloa brizantha 'Piatã' (11,437 kg ha-1), U. ruziziensis (9,463 kg ha-1), and U. ruziziensis intercropped with Crotalaria spectabilis (9,167 kg ha-1), which prevented weed infestation. Pennisetum glaucum 'BRS 1501' had a low dry matter yield (<5,000 kg ha-1) and did not suppress weeds. Panicum maximum, U. brizantha 'Piatã', U. ruziziensis, and U. ruziziensis intercropped with C. spectabilis provide high dry matter yield and suppress weed infestation in the cerrado area.

scholarly journals SELEÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES VEGETAIS TOLERANTES AO HERBICIDA HEXAZINONE

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva Santos ◽  
Adriano Jakelaitis ◽  
Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Dorneles de Sousa ◽  
Gustavo Silva de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Dolichos Lablab ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

Hexazinone é um herbicida utilizado na cultura da cana-de-açúcar e apresenta alta persistência no ambiente. Para detoxificar ambientes contaminados com hexazinone foi investigada a tolerância de plantas à molécula, testando-se dez espécies: capim-marandu (Urochloa brizantha), capim-ruziziensis (Urochloa ruziziensis), guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan), crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea e  Crotalaria spectabilis), feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis), lab-lab (Dolichos lablab), mucuna (Mucuna pruriens e Mucuna aterrima) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum) tratadas com as doses de hexazinone de 0; 125,0; 187,5 e 375,0 g ia ha-1. A pesquisa foi delineada em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. O herbicida foi aplicado em vasos, contendo 6 kg de solo, e após 48 horas, foram semeadas as espécies vegetais. Foram avaliados a fitointoxicação e a altura das plantas (AP) aos 30 e aos 60 dias após a emergência (DAE) e a massa seca (MS) das plantas, aos 60 DAE. Na dose de 187,5 g ia ha-1, a espécie C. cajan apresentou menor fitointoxicação e maiores valores de AP e de MS da parte aérea em relação às demais espécies. Não houve diferença para a MS de raízes entre as espécies. C. cajan foi a espécie mais tolerante, o que a torna boa candidata para fitorremediar solo contaminado com hexazinone.Palavras-chave: fitorremediação; persistência; solo. SELECTION OF TOLERANT VEGETABLE SPECIES TO HEXAZINONE HERBICIDE ABSTRACT: Hexazinone is a herbicide used in the cultivation of sugarcane and has high persistence in the environment. To detoxify environments contaminated with this herbicide, the tolerance of plants in the presence of the molecule was investigated, testing 10 species: palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha), Urochloa ruziziensis, pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), showy rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), indian bean (Dolichos lablab),  millet (Pennisetum glaucum), velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens and Mucuna aterrima) at different doses of the herbicide: 0, 125.0, 187.5 and 375.0 g ai ha-. The research was outlined in randomized blocks with four replicates. At 30 and 60 days after emergence (DAE) the phytotoxification and plant height (PA) were evaluated. The dry mass (DM) of the plants was measured at 60 DAE. At the rate of 187.5 g ai ha-1, the C. cajan species presented lower phytointoxication and higher values of PA and of DM of shoot above the other species. There was no difference for root DM between species. C. cajan was the most tolerant species, which makes it a good candidate for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with hexazinone.Keywords: phytoremediation; persistence; soil.

scholarly journals Dry matter production and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria spectabilis

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Richena Barbosa ◽  
Rafaela Silva Santana ◽  
Munir Mauad ◽  
Rodrigo Arroyo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

ABSTRACT There are several benefits in the cultivation of Crotalaria spp., including high levels of biomass production and N accumulation, nutrient cycling and antagonistic activity against some nematodes. However, information on nutritional demand is still scarce for these species. This study aimed to determine the dry matter production and macronutrient uptake in shoots of Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria spectabilis. Two experiments (one for each species) were carried out in a randomized block design, with three replications, assessing thirteen harvest times for C. juncea and ten for C. spectabilis. After each harvest, the samples were dried, weighed and submitted to laboratory analysis, in order to determine the nutrient contents in different parts of the plant. The nutrient accumulation on the shoots, for both species, occurred in the order K > N > P, being the stem the main organ of nutrient accumulation. Also for both species, the export of nutrients by the grains followed the order N > K > P. The maximum dry matter accumulation occurred at 135 and 104 days after emergence (DAE), respectively for C. juncea and C. spectabilis, while the production of viable seeds, in both species, had already begun at 90 DAE.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenic and productive characteristics of marandu palisadegrass

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1666-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
System Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Specific Length

The objective of this work was to study morphogenic characteristics, and dry matter production of roots and shoots of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) submitted to combinations of nitrogen and potassium, in a nutritive solution, employing silica as substrate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse during the summer. It was used a 5² fractionated factorial scheme with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The nitrogen × potassium interaction was significant for the number of tillers and leaves, for leaf area, for shoots and root section dry mass, for total length and surface and specific length and surface in the roots. Production of aerial part dry mass positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaves and grass leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of nitrogen and potassium were supllied. Nitrogen and potassium influence Marandu palisadegrass morphogenic characteristics, which are determinant for grass dry matter production.

Dry matter production and nutrient accumulation in Crotalaria spectabilis shoots

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mauad ◽  
R. S. Santana ◽  
T. H. Carli ◽  
F. Carli ◽  
A. C. T. Vitorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

scholarly journals COVER CROPS IN THE OFF-SEASON IN THE WEED MANAGEMENT AT NOTILLAGE AREA

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
FERNANDO COUTO DE ARAÚJO ◽  
ADRIANO STEPHAN NASCENTE ◽  
JULIANA LOURENÇO NUNES GUIMARÃES ◽  
VINÍCIUS SILVA SOUSA ◽  
MARCO ANTÔNIO MOREIRA DE FREITAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Main Growth ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

ABSTRACT Cover crops can provide suppression of weeds and together with chemical control make the proper management of weeds in agricultural areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cover crop cultivation during the off-season on weed development in a no-tillage area. The experimental design was in randomized blocks scheme with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were: fallow (control), millet (Pennisetum glaucum) + crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis + C. juncea + C. ochroleuca), millet + pigeon pea (Cajanus cajans), millet + Urochloa ruziziensis, millet + Urochloa ruziziensis + pigeon pea and millet + buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum. The evaluations were done at 30, 75 and 225 days after sowing of the cover crops (DAS). The main growth weed species in the area were Cenchrus echinathus, Euphorbia heterophylla and Digitaria insularis. Fallow treatment showed greater number of weed species with density of 184 plants m-2, 9.0 species and with 527.8 g m-2 of dry matter mass at 225 DAS. In all treatments verified reduction in the density and mass of weeds dry matter compared to the fallow, with average of 30 plants m-2, 5.8 species and 7.9 g m-2 at 225 DAS, respectively. The use of cover crops is an important strategy for weed control in agricultural areas.

scholarly journals Modelling growth and nitrogen balance of barley under ambient and future conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouko Kleemola ◽  
Tuomo Karvonen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Matter Production

According to current scenarios, atmospheric CO2 -concentration ([CO2]) and average air temperature will rise in the future. The predicted longer growing season in Finland would imply that more productive cultivars and even new crop species could be grown. Moreover, higher [CO2] is also likely to increase dry matter production of crops. This study analyzed the growth of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under ambient and suggested future conditions, and its response to N fertilization. Model simulations of soil temperature and of snow accumulation and melting were also studied. The calibration and validation results showed that the model performed well in simulating snow dynamics, soil temperature, the growth of barley, and the response of crop growth to N fertilization under present conditions. According to the simulation runs, if a cultivar was adapted to the length of the growing period, the increase in dry matter production was 23% in a low estimate scenario of climate change, and 56% in a high estimate scenario under a high level of nitrogen fertilization. The simulation study showed that the shoot dry weight increased by 43%, on average, under high N fertilization (150-200 kg N/ha), but by less (20%) under a low level of N (25-50 kg N/ha) when the conditions under a central scenario for the year 2050 were compared with the present ones.

scholarly journals Allelopathic potential of Cover Crops in Control of Shrubby False Buttonweed (Spermacoce verticillata)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. VARGAS ◽  
A.M.A. PASSOS ◽  
D. KARAM
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT: Searching for alternatives to deal with weeds without the exclusive use of herbicides can increase the sustainability of agricultural production in the Amazon region. This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential of cover crops on the weed shrubby false buttonweed (Spermacoce verticillata L.). Three straw levels (1; 2.5 and 5 mg cm-2) of thirteen cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. spectabilis, Mucuna aterrima, M. cinereum, Pennisetum glaucum, Sorghum bicolor, S. sudanense, Urochloa brizanha cv. Xaraés, U. brizantha cv. Piatã and U. ruziziensis) were assessed on germination and initial growth of weed and lettuce. We carried out two experiments (weed and lettuce) in a factorial scheme (cover crops x straw levels) with additional treatment (control without straw) in a completely randomized experimental design, with four replicates. The straw of the cover crops inhibited the germination and initial growth of the target plants. The highest straw levels promoted 44.0 and 78.8% reductions in radicle length in relation to the lowest dose (1 mg cm-2), for lettuce and Spermacoce verticillata, respectively. The highest sensitivity to allelochemicals occurred on the radicle. The major suppressive effects on weed germination were promoted by Cajanus cajan, Urochloa brizanha cv. Xaraés, Mucuna cinereum, M. aterrima, Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabilis and U. ruziziensis. Cover crops use is an integrated practice management to control Spermacoce verticillata under no-tillage system.

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