scholarly journals Mathematics Performance of the Primary School Students: Attention and Shifting

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Poorghorban ◽  
Susan Jabbari ◽  
Fateme Chamandar
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Math Performance ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Achievement In Mathematics ◽  
Sorting Test

The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between executive functions and mathematical abilities to determine the contribution of these functions to math performance. In this study, 30 students were selected from among 4th graders of elementary school, in two groups with low achievement in mathematics (poor) and high achievement in mathematics (strong), such that their IQ and reading ability were as close as possible. These groups were measured and compared in terms of attention by means of continuous performance test and shifting by means of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The ANOVA and t-test showed that the low-achieving group stood significantly lower than the high-achieving group in shifting, which mirrors the effect of this function in math performance of the students. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of attention.

Selective, Sustained, and Shift in Attention in Patients with Diagnoses of Schizophrenia

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1087-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hagh-Shenas ◽  
S. Toobai ◽  
A. Makaremi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Attentional deficits are a prominent aspect of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. The present study was designed to investigate attention deficit in a group of patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia. According to the segmental set theory suggested by Hogarty and Flesher, three aspects of attention problems, selective, sustained, and shift in attention, were studied. The 30 patients hospitalized on three psychiatric wards at Shiraz and Isfahan and 30 normal healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and years of education were administered a computerized Continuous Performance Test, Stroop Color-word Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting test. Analysis showed patients performed more poorly than control subjects on measured aspects of attention. The acute/chronic classification did not predict differences in attention scores between subtypes of schizophrenia, while the positive/negative classification did. Paranoid, undifferentiated, and residual groups by subtypes of schizophrenia showed similar performance on the Continuous Performance Test, but were significantly different on errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting test and on reaction time to Stroop stimuli in the incongruent color-word condition. Patients with paranoid diagnosis performed better than other subtypes on these tasks. Present results suggest that the Continuous Performance Test is valuable for differentiating of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, while scores on Stroop and Wisconsin card sorting may have better diagnostic value for differentiating subtypes of the disorder.

scholarly journals Neurocognition Function of Patients With Bipolar Depression, Unipolar Depression, and Depression With Bipolarity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Lu ◽  
Yingtan Wang ◽  
Guanglei Xun
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
First Category ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Z Scores

Much evidence shows that some Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5)-defined unipolar depression (UD) with bipolarity manifests bipolar diathesis. Little is known about the cognitive profiles of patients with depression with bipolarity (DWB). The study aimed to investigate the differences in cognitive profiles among patients with bipolar depression (BD), major depressive disorder (namely, UD), and DWB. Drug-naïve patients with BD, UD, and DWB and healthy controls (HC) were recruited (30 cases in each group). Cognitive function was evaluated by THINC-it (THINC-intelligent tool), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and continuous performance test (CPT). For THINC-it, no significant differences of the Z-scores in both objective and subjective factors were found between the DWB group and BD group, but the Z-scores in the BD group were significantly lower than those in the UD group. For WCST, significant differences were found between the BD group and DWB group in the number of responses, categories completed, trails to completed first category, perseverative responses, and perseverative errors. All the indices of WCST in the DWB group were significantly worse than those in the UD group except for trails to completed first category and total number of response correct. For CPT, only scores of leakage responses and false responses in the four-digit number in the BD group and DWB group were significantly higher than those in the UD group; no significant difference was found between the BD group and DWB group. The results indicated that patients with DWB might perform differently from those with UD but similarly to those with BD with cognition impairment.

COMT Val158Met polymorphism is related with interpersonal problem solving in schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 320-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Üçok ◽  
M. Öztürk ◽  
Z. Duman ◽  
G. Saruhan-Direskeneli
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Interpersonal Problem ◽  
Interpersonal Problem Solving

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate associations between COMT Val158Met polymorphism, and interpersonal problem solving capacity and cognitive functions in schizophrenia.MethodsCOMT Val158Met polymorphism was studied with ARMS-PCR method in 99 outpatients with schizophrenia. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale was used to assess symptom severity. The Assessment of Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills (AIPSS) was used to evaluate problem solving capacity. Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), were used to measure cognition.ResultsPatients with Met/Met genotype had higher AIPSS subscores for detecting the problem, than those with Val/Val at baseline (p = 0.02). Met allele was also found to be related with higher AIPSS-receiving skills (p = 0.04). Val allele was found to be related with more commission errors in CPT (p = 0.03). There was no relation between Val158Met polymorphism and WCST and clinical measurements.ConclusionOur findings suggest that Val allele might be related to poor performance on detecting the interpersonal problems, and attention in schizophrenia.

Self-monitoring enhances Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with schizophrenia: Performance is improved by simply asking patients to verbalize their sorting strategy

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM PERRY ◽  
ERIC G. POTTERAT ◽  
DAVID L. BRAFF
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Group 1

Patients with schizophrenia have Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) deficits, which are commonly interpreted as reflecting frontal cortex-based executive dysfunction. One means of assessing the refractoriness of frontal-executive impairment is to utilize a training or modification strategy to improve WCST performance. In this study, 73 patients with schizophrenia were assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Group 1 received the standard WCST instructions for 64 cards (Condition 1). For the second 64-card deck, the patients were asked to verbalize the reason that they placed the card where they did after each sort (Condition 2). Group 2 received this modified instruction 1st (Condition 1) and then the standard instructions for the second deck (Condition 2). A group of normal comparison participants was also tested using standard instructions alone. Group 2 committed significantly fewer perseverative responses than did Group 1. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between Group 2 (Condition 1) and the normal participants. Group 1's performance improved when patients were exposed to the modified instructions (Condition 2). Additionally, poor premorbid factors and disorganized symptoms were associated with decreased benefit from the modified instructions across both groups. Cumulatively, these data suggest that a simple instruction may enhance executive function and impact WCST performance in patients with schizophrenia. (JINS, 2001, 7, 344–352.)

scholarly journals WCST Performance in Schizophrenia and Severe Depression with Psychotic Features

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Rady ◽  
Adel Elsheshai ◽  
Heba Abou el Wafa ◽  
Osama Elkholy
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Service ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Psychotic Depression ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
Sorting Test

Background. Differentiating between schizophrenia and major depression with psychotic features often reveals diagnostic dilemma. Both share psychotic features and severe impairment in occupational functions. Severe psychomotor retardation, not uncommon in psychotic depression, may simulate negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Our work aims at utilizing Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance as a potential differentiating neurocognitive tool. Subjects and Methods. 60 patients were recruited randomly from the outpatient service at Alexandria University Hospital: 30 patients with schizophrenia and 30 patients with chronic psychotic depression. They were subjected to Clinical Global Impression for Severity (CGI-S) scale and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) 128 card computerized version. Results. Both groups were balanced in terms of gender distribution, severity and duration of illness. The study compared all parameters of WCST. Only perseverative errors showed mild significant difference () that disappeared when applying Bonferroni adaptation, setting significance level at 0.01 instead of 0.05. Conclusion. Performance on WCST is similar in schizophrenia and severe depression with psychotic features in most of the measured parameters and hence could not serve as a supplementary tool differentiating between both diagnoses in our study.

Executive functioning in high-IQ adults with ADHD

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1909-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Antshel ◽  
S. V. Faraone ◽  
K. Maglione ◽  
A. E. Doyle ◽  
R. Fried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Psychological Tests ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Card Sorting

BackgroundTo examine the association between psychological tests of executive functioning and functional outcomes among high-IQ adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodSubjects were high-IQ adults with (n=64) and without ADHD (n=53). Subjects were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing executive functioning.ResultsHigh-IQ adults with ADHD performed less well than those without ADHD on several psychological tests of executive functioning, including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color and Word Test, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and an auditory continuous performance test (CPT). Test performance in the high-IQ adult ADHD group, however, was average. In the entire sample, performance on several tests of executive functioning including the ROCF and the CVLT were significant predictors of real-world functioning.ConclusionsHigh-IQ adults with ADHD perform less well on tests of executive functioning relative to high-IQ control participants. Performance on several tests of executive functioning was a significant predictor of functioning.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological and Educational Profile of Children with Dyscalculia and Dyslexia: A Comparative Study

Psico-USF ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-659
Author(s):  
Magda Solange Vanzo Pestun ◽  
Rauni Jandé Roama-Alves ◽  
Sylvia Maria Ciasca
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Brazilian Children

Abstract This paper aims to compare the neuropsychological and educational profiles of Brazilian children with dyscalculia (n = 8), dyslexia (n = 13) and without learning disabilities (n = 12). The neuropsychological profile was composed of: (a) intelligence - assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III); (b) attention - WISC-III Coding and Symbol Search subtests; (c) executive functions - Digit Span (backward order) and WISC-III Arithmetic subtests, Pseudoword Repetition Test for Brazilian Children, Stroop Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; (d) memory - WISC-III Digit Span subtest (forward order) and Rey Complex Figures. The educational profile was composed of reading, writing and mathematics, assessed by the Academic Performance Test and the Arithmetic Test. It was found that the groups with dyscalculia and dyslexia did not differentiate in any of the neuropsychological abilities, only in the reading and writing abilities. Neuropsychological variables that could explain these results were discussed.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive recovery of patients with paranoid schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. e020492
Author(s):  
Olena Molchanova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Background At present neurocognitive impairment is considered a core feature of schizophrenia. This statement is grounded on cognitive impairment stability, the persistence of cognitive impairment independently of the disease stage and other symptoms of schizophrenia. The relevance of the search for cognitive remediation methods is determined by the influence of cognitive functioning on the functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia. In order to solve this problem, scientists are actively investigating such direction in the treatment of patients with this psychopathology as «neurocognitive therapy» or neurocognitive training. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of neurocognitive training in patients with paranoid schizophrenia Methods and materials The patients who matched inclusion criteria were assessed on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP), neuropsychological tests (Trail Making Test part A and B, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Luria test) at the baseline, 1st and 6th month. All patients who were included in the study were randomly assigned into two groups. The intervention group (n=40) underwent a standard supportive treatment and neurocognitive training. The control group (n=31) received supportive medication treatment alone. Results After 1st month, a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups was found both for the overall PANSS score improvement and improvement in several items, which represented the cognitive decline. Total PSP score increased significantly in the intervention group from 41-50 to 51-60 (р=0.0001). In Wisconsin Card Sorting Test the proportion of incorrect answers decreased by 31.4% (р=0.0001), perseverative errors by 20.1% (р=0.042), the number of completed categories increased by 33.5% (р=0.002). Conclusion The proposed neurocognitive training program showed positive results, which was reflected in a statistically significant improvement in PANSS score and cognitive tests performance in the intervention group compared to control group after treatment course and additional 5 months of the observation.

Abstraction Skilfulness in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twin Pairs

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nicole ◽  
C. Del Miglio
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

AbstractThe computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was administered to a sample of 96 subjects (Ss), constituted in equal parts by monozygotic twins (MZ), dizygotic twins (DZ), unique children and couples of “almost contemporary” brothers. The statistic tests (Analysis of principal components, ANOVA) underline, as far as the rapidity to define a category is concerned, a statistically significant difference between DZ and singletons, independently from the fact that the latter may be unique children. A significant difference emerged neither between MZ and singletons, nor between MZ and DZ.

The effect of the AKT1 gene and cannabis use on cognitive performance in healthy subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 990-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fatjó-Vilas ◽  
J Soler ◽  
M I Ibáñez ◽  
J Moya-Higueras ◽  
G Ortet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Card Sorting

Background: Evidence suggests that the AKT1 gene may modulate the degree to which cannabis use induces cognitive alterations in patients with a psychotic disorder. Aim: To examine the interplay between AKT1 and cannabis use in terms of the cognitive performance of the general population. Methods: Our sample consisted of 389 Spanish university students. Sustained attention was measured via the Continuous Performance Test–Identical Pairs, immediate and delayed verbal memory with the Logical Memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale, and working memory with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Lifetime cannabis use frequency was assessed and individuals were classified as cannabis users or non-users. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of the AKT1 gene were genotyped and, according to previous studies, each subject was defined as a carrier of two, one or no copies of the haplotype (rs2494732(C)–rs1130233(A)). Multiple linear regressions were conducted to test the effect of the genetic variability and cannabis use (and their interaction) on cognitive performance. Results: An effect of the AKT1 haplotype was found on attention scores: individuals with two copies of the haplotype performed better (β=0.18, p<0.001 (adjusted for false discovery rate)), while neither cannabis nor the AKT1–cannabis interaction was associated with attention. No effect of AKT1, cannabis or the AKT1–cannabis interaction was found on verbal memory or working memory. Conclusions: Our study provides additional evidence that AKT1 modulates cognitive performance. However, in our non-clinical sample, the previously reported interaction between cannabis use and the AKT1 gene was not replicated.

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