scholarly journals Holistic Biomass Transport Model for Sustainable Development of Cellulosic Biofuel

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Rajdeep Golecha
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Optimization Models ◽  
Farmer Participation ◽  
Transportation Model ◽  
Supply Response ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuel ◽  
Biomass Supply

<p>Sustainable development of the cellulosic biofuel sector will require biomass supply strategies that can minimize the cost of cellulosic biomass. While the conversion cost of cellulosic biofuel has come down significantly in the last decade, there has not been as significant change in biomass cost. Several studies have provided optimization models for minimizing biomass cost. However, most of the existing models have focused on a modelling approach to optimize a single component of biomass cost, using an integrated biomass transportation model. While separate studies have provided a model on farmer supply response that includes farmer participation and the incentives offered by biorefineries. However, there is a gap in understanding the linkage between transport cost, farmer participation and farmer incentives on biomass cost. As a result most optimization models available in literature are focused on reducing biomass transport cost. This study shows that a strong linkage exists between biomass transport cost and incentives offered to farmers. A holistic biomass supply model is developed that incorporates an integrated biomass transportation model, as well as the relationship between farmer incentives and farmer participation using data from some recent surveys. The holistic model enables a trade-off between increase in incentives and reduction in transport cost. This will help companies develop sustainable long term supply contracts between biorefineries and farmers. The study shows that biorefineries that focus on minimizing biomass cost through optimization of transport cost alone, without considering its relationships with farmer supply response will incur 15 to 20% higher biomass cost.</p>

Effects of Water Soaking on Biomass Particle Size in Cellulosic Biofuel Manufacturing

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hera Wu ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Z. J. Pei
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuels ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuel ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Biomass Particle Size

Cellulosic biofuels are an alternative to petroleum-based liquid transportation fuels. However, manufacturing costs of cellulosic biofuels are high partially due to low density and sugar yield of cellulosic biomass. Previous studies show that UV-A pelleting can increase the density and sugar yield of cellulosic biomass. A hypothesis for UV-A pelleting to increase the density and sugar yield of cellulosic biomass is that UV-A pelleting can reduce biomass particle size. To test this hypothesis, biomass particle sizes before and after UV-A pelleting need to be compared. Soaking pellets in water is an efficient and non-invasive method to separate pellets into particles. However, water soaking itself might change biomass particle size. This paper reports an investigation on effects of water soaking on biomass particle size. The biomass particle sizes before and after water soaking are measured and compared. Results show that effects of water soaking on biomass particle size are dependent on the initial particle size (particle size before water soaking) and time period of water soaking.

scholarly journals Cost of Oil and Biomass Supply Shocks under Different Biofuel Supply Chain Configurations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (24) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Uría-Martínez ◽  
Paul N. Leiby ◽  
Maxwell L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Renewable Fuel Standard ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Supply Shocks ◽  
Biomass Supply ◽  
Biomass Logistics ◽  
Biofuel Supply Chain ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
The Cost

This analysis estimates the cost of selected oil and biomass supply shocks for producers and consumers in the light-duty vehicle fuel market under various supply chain configurations using a mathematical programing model, BioTrans. The supply chain configurations differ by whether they include selected flexibility levers: multi-feedstock biorefineries; advanced biomass logistics; and the ability to adjust ethanol content of low-ethanol fuel blends, from E10 to E15 or E05. The simulated scenarios explore market responses to supply shocks including substitution between gasoline and ethanol, substitution between different sources of ethanol supply, biorefinery capacity additions or idling, and price adjustments. Welfare effects for the various market participants represented in BioTrans are summarized into a net shock cost measure. As oil accounts for a larger fraction of fuel by volume, its supply shocks are costlier than biomass supply shocks. Corn availability and the high cost of adding biorefinery capacity limit increases in ethanol use during gasoline price spikes. During shocks that imply sudden decreases in the price of gasoline, the renewable fuel standard (RFS) biofuel blending mandate limits the extent to which flexibility can be exercised to reduce ethanol use. The selected flexibility levers are most useful in response to cellulosic biomass supply shocks.

scholarly journals Contribution of Biomass Supply Chains for Bioenergy to Sustainable Development Goals

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
M. Jean Blair ◽  
Bruno Gagnon ◽  
Andrew Klain ◽  
Biljana Kulišić
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Biomass Supply ◽  
Development Goals

This work evaluates the relationships between bioenergy and related biomass supply chains and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using Nilsson et al. (2016) seven-point scoring framework, the relationships between biomass supply for bioenergy and the SDGs were evaluated based on existing synthesis papers, modeling studies and empirical analyses, and expert knowledge. To complement this, contributions to SDG targets of 37 best practice case studies from around the world were documented. In reviewing these case studies, it was found that when supply chains are implemented appropriately and integrated with existing systems, they can have overwhelmingly positive contributions. Beyond directly contributing to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), at least half of all case studies supported progress toward SDGs 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and 12 (Responsible Production and Consumption); however, the ways in which supply chains contributed often differed. Agricultural biomass supply chains (energy crops and residues) were most likely to contribute to SDGs 2 (Zero Hunger) and 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), while waste and forest supply chains were most likely to contribute to SDG 15 (Life on Land). The development of bioenergy systems in rural and indigenous communities also indirectly supports societal SDGs such as SDGs 1 (No Poverty), 4 (Quality Education), 5 (Gender Inequality), and 10 (Reduced Inequalities). This work informs how SDGs can be used as a normative framework to guide the implementation of sustainable biomass supply chains, whether it is used for bioenergy or the broader bioeconomy. Recommendations for key stakeholders and topics for future work are also proposed.

Ultrasonic-Vibration Assisted Pelleting for Cellulosic Biofuel Manufacturing: Investigation on Power Consumption With Design of Experiment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Z. J. Pei ◽  
Graham Pritchett ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuel ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Two Parameters

Cellulosic biomass is abundantly available in the nature. It is an attractive feedstock to make alternative fuels to petroleum-based transportation fuels. Because of low bulk density and irregular shape, raw biomass materials are difficult to handle, transport, and store. Pelleting can increase the density of cellulosic biomass. Pellets can be easily handled, resulting in reducing their transportation and storage costs. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) pelleting is a new pelleting method. Moisture content, particle size, pelleting pressure, and ultrasonic power are four important input parameters affecting pellet quality and sugar yield (proportional to biofuel yield). However, their effects on power consumption in UV-A pelleting have not been adequately investigated. Since power consumption directly affects ethanol manufacturing costs, it is desirable to understand how input parameters affect power consumption. This paper reports an experimental investigation of power consumption in UV-A pelleting. A 24 factorial design is employed to evaluate the effects of four input parameters (moisture content, particle size, pelleting pressure, and ultrasonic power) on power consumption in UV-A pelleting. Results show that three input parameters (moisture content, particle size, and ultrasonic power) significantly affect power consumption. Higher moisture content, lower ultrasonic power, and larger particle size result in higher power consumption. Only one interaction of two parameters is significant, i.e. with the increase of pelleting pressure, power consumption will increase at the high level of particle size while decrease at the low level of particle size.

Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Pelleting of Cellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Manufacturing: A Study on Pellet Cracks

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjun Tang ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Defu Liu ◽  
Z. J. Pei ◽  
Weilong Cong
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Crack Formation ◽  
Crack Size ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuel ◽  
First Time

Biofuels produced from cellulosic biomass are an alternative to petroleum-based liquid transportation fuels. The costs of cellulosic biofuel manufacturing are high partly due to the low density of raw cellulosic materials. Processing cellulosic biomass into pellets can increase density and handling efficiency of cellulosic feedstocks, resulting in reduction of transportation and handling costs. The literature on ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) pelleting includes studies about effects of pelleting parameters on pellet quality, pelleting temperature, charring, and sugar yield. However, there are no studies on pellet cracks. This paper, for the first time, presents a study on pellet cracks in UV-A pelleting of wheat straw. It first describes experimental conditions and then presents experimental results about effects of pelleting parameters on crack size. Afterward, it proposes a hypothesis on crack formation in UV-A pelleting and discusses some evidences that support this hypothesis. Finally, it provides explanations to experimental results based on the hypothesis.

Model Transportasi dan Terapannya dalam Optimalisasi Biaya Distribusi Beras Miskin di Kota Makassar oleh Perum Bulog Sub Divre Makassar Tahun 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Rahmat Syam ◽  
S. Sukarna ◽  
Muh Nahdi Alim Asyhari
Keyword(s):  
Approximation Method ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Initial Solution ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Transportation Model ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Model Based

Penelitian ini membahas tentang model transportasi dan terapannya pada distribusi Beras Miskin (Raskin) di Kota Makassar oleh Perum Bulog Sub Divre Makassar. Data distribusi Raskin di Kota Makassar tahun 2016 diformulasikan dengan Model Transportasi. Berdasarkan model tersebut diperoleh keseimbangan model, dan tabel transportasi distribusi Raskin,. Dengan Metode Least Cost (LC) dan Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM) diperoleh solusi awal yang fisibel. Berdasarkan perhitungan solusi awal yang fisibel diperoleh solusi optimum menggunakan Metode Batu Loncatan (Stepping Stone Method). Selanjutnya disimulasikan menggunakan aplikasi Pom for Windows. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan penerapan Model Transportasi terjadi penghematan biaya distribusi raskin di kota Makassar tahun 2016 sebesar 1,7% dibandingkan hasil perhitungan Perum Bulog Sub Divre Makassar.Kata Kunci: Model Transportasi, Least Cost (LC), Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM), Metode Batu Loncatan, Distribusi Raskin, This study discusses the transportation model and its application on the stock of Rice Poor (Raskin) in Makassar City by Perum Bulog Sub Divre Makassar. Data is processed by Transport Model. Based on the model is generated a balance model, and export table Raskin distribution,. By method. (LC) and Vogel's Approximation Method (VAM) obtained a feasible initial solution. The method using the stepping stone method (Stepping Stone method). It is then simulated using the Pom for Windows application. The results of this study indicate with the application of Transportation Model. In the year. Year 2016 amounted to 1.7% of the calculation of Perum Bulog Sub Divre Makassar.Keywords: Transportation Model, Least Cost (LC), Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM), Stepping Stone Method, Distribution Raskin.

scholarly journals A Watershed Level Economic Analysis of Cellulosic Biofuel Feedstock Production with Consideration of Water Quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Moon ◽  
Jeffrey Apland ◽  
Solomon Folle ◽  
David Mulla
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Supply Response ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuel ◽  
South Central

<p>National policy supports the production of renewable energy from cellulosic feedstocks such as corn stover and switchgrass. These feedstocks have contrasting impacts on water quality. In this study, the regional supply response for cellulosic biofuel from these two feedstocks is estimated for the Le Sueur Watershed in South-Central Minnesota. The impacts of the resulting agricultural production activities on water quality in this northern corn belt watershed are also estimated. The Le Sueur River is a tributary of the Minnesota River, which in turn feeds into the Mississippi. The analysis is conducted with a multi-region, endogenous supply, mathematical programming model of the agriculture sector in the watershed. A unique aspect of the analysis is the spatial detail used in the production model. Results from a previous simulation analysis conducted with the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model are used in the economic model to simulate the effects of the feedstock supply response on water quality in the Le Sueur. Sediment and nutrient losses from corn stover production make switchgrass more promising on environmental grounds, but the relatively high cost of production causes switchgrass to cover only a small part of crop land if farmers have unrestricted choice about how to supply cellulosic feedstocks.</p>

Size Reduction of Cellulosic Biomass in Biofuel Manufacturing: A Study on Confounding Effects of Particle Size and Biomass Crystallinity

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxu Song ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Z. J. Pei ◽  
T. W. Deines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Particle Formation ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuel ◽  
Reduction Methods

Biofuels derived from cellulosic biomass offer an alternative to petroleum-based liquid transportation fuels. In order to convert cellulosic biomass into biofuels, size reduction is a necessary step along with pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. In the literature, there are inconsistent reports about why size reduction affects sugar yield (proportional to biofuel yield). An important reason for the inconsistence is that particle formation in current size reduction methods is not well controlled, causing effects of some biomass structural parameters confounded. In this study, a metal-cutting (milling) process is used for size reduction of poplar wood, where particle formation can be well controlled to prevent the effects of multiple parameters from being confounded. The results of this study provide explanations for some inconsistent reports in the literature. These results also reveal some opportunities for future research to understand the effects of size reduction on cellulosic biofuel manufacturing.

Impact of energy prices and cellulosic biomass supply on agriculture, energy, and the environment: An integrated modeling approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Dodder ◽  
P. Ozge Kaplan ◽  
Amani Elobeid ◽  
Simla Tokgoz ◽  
Silvia Secchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Modeling ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Biomass Supply
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