Keep reading and you’ll understand

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-38
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Way

In this chapter Trouillot cross-examines received understandings of Haitian history among the minority of the population that has had the opportunity to attend school. References to folkloric characters in the text disappear, and Ti difé boulé sou istoua Ayiti turns to an analysis of the divisions in social classes during the period of French colonization in Saint-Domingue, portraying the complex and conflicting coalitions of wealthy colonists, black and mulatto freedmen, whites and enslaved people. Each coalition contained its own hidden contradictions and differing priorities: among the enslaved there were domestic slaves, skilled urban slaves, overseers and field laborers. Power-holding wealthy plantation owners and French commissioners exploited racism to draw middle class and lower-class whites into their conspiracy. This chapter establishes the major axes of Saint-Domingue’s organization: the large plantations, slavery, sugarcane monoculture and dependency on France. Trouillot shows that the revolutionary leaders were enslaved people at the top of their social class. Many of them had known forms of freedom, responsibility, leadership and political experience. This political acumen placed those enslaved people and freedmen in a position to seize the reins of power. The powerful plantation owners, commissioners and the military were able to retain dominance providing their coalition remained intact. The white coalition of local plantation owners and the French commissioners underwent a bitter split, opening the way for the enslaved population to rise up and fight for freedom.

scholarly journals International Migration, Livelihood Strategy, and Poverty Cycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Martua Sihaloho ◽  
Ekawati Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Rilus A. Kinseng ◽  
Sediono M.P. Tjondronegoro
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Livelihood Strategy ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
Social Climbing

Poverty drove Indonesian poor households (e.g. their family members) to find other livelihoods. One popular choice is becoming an international migrant. This paper describes and analyzes the change in agrarian structure which causes dynamics in agrarian poverty. The study uses qualitative approach and constructivism paradigm. Research results showed that even if migration was dominated by farmer households from lower social class; it also served as livelihood strategy for middle and upper social classes. Improved economics brought dynamics on social reality. The dynamic accesses to agrarian resources consist of (1) horizontal social mobility (means that they stay in their previous social class); (2) vertical social mobility in the form of social climbing; low to middle class, low to upper class, and middle class to upper class; and, (3) vertical social mobility in the form of social sinking: upper class to middle class, upper class to lower class, and middle class to lower class. The dynamic in social classes indicates the presence of agrarian poverty cycle, they are social climbing and sinking.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Marxism in the Movie Jack the Giant Slayer

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Badri Akandi ◽  
Dwi Taurina Mila Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rugged Individualism

This research was about Marxism in Jack the Giant Slayer on social class and kind of Marxism. Marxism was an important thing in the society because Marxism wanted to remove social classes. Thus, this research was to describe how social classes could influence someone’s roles in the society. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The research was conducted by accommodating two theories: kinds of Marxism by Tyson (2006) and social class by Barry (2002). Tyson’s theory (2006) classifies Marxism into classism, patriotism, religion, rugged individualism, and consumerism. On the other hand, Barry’s theory (2002) classifies social class into the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class. The findings of the analysis reveal that there were ten data in Jack the Giant Slayer. The researcher found ten forms of Marxism, There were one form of classism, twelve forms of rugged individualism, and one form of consumerism. The most of kind dominant Marxism was classism. Besides, the researcher found three forms of social class, they were the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class. There were four characters of the upper class, one character of the middle class, and two characters of the lower class. The dominant social class was the upper class, which appeared in four characters.

scholarly journals The suit maketh the man: Masculinity and social class inKingsman: The Secret Service(Vaughn, 2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Secret Service ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
The Way

This article outlines the ways in which suits are synonymous with masculinity examining the, sometimes paradoxical, nature of suits worn by men of all social classes, and for different reasons. For example, hegemonic men wear suits in a bid to convey power, arguably, by rendering the wearers uniform in appearance so that the focus is on what hegemonic men might say and do, rather than how they might look. Moreover, the uniformity of suits is a means by which men of a lower social class demonstrate aspiration to a higher social class and might affect hegemonic power through wearing them. While much has been written about masculinity and suits, with many authors agreeing that the bespoke suit is at the pinnacle of the hierarchy of men’s clothing, yet there is a little attention paid to the way in which the bespoke suit is represented in media or popular culture. This article examines the role of clothing of the main characters in the filmKingsman: The Secret Service(2014) with a particular focus on the contribution that the bespoke suit makes to the masculinity of the bodies of the individuals within the film. Principally, the bespoke suit elevates the body of the wearer from quotidian to tailored, the fitting of which allows for better representation of a man’s body. It will explore representation of middle-class masculinity, hegemony and embodiment in the film, addressing the idea of whether wearing a bespoke suit can help a man transcend the boundaries of ‘chav’ masculinity, which is depicted as male subordination, and rise into middle-class hegemonic masculinity through the character of Gary ‘Eggsy’ Unwin (Taron Egerton).

Social Class and Ethnicity Effects on Clinical Judgments

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph D. Norman ◽  
Ricardo Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
Clinical Judgments ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Class Bias ◽  
Psychotic Behavior

To resolve conflict between earlier studies finding contradictory recommendations on need for professional help of middle- vs lower-class persons given normal, neurotic, and psychotic behavior descriptions, and to explore ethnicity effects, 92 students (70 Anglo, 22 Chicano) rated fictitious biographical vignettes. A pro-middle-class bias was found consistent with Routh and King's study but inconsistent with that by Schofield and Oakes. Also contrary to the latter, treatment recommendations agreed with ratings. Ethnicity bias appeared, since Anglos recommended Chicanos more often for involuntary hospitalization. Inconsistency between the two earlier studies results from a methodological variation, discussed in this study.

scholarly journals People from lower social classes elicit greater prosociality: Compassion and deservingness matter

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843022098207
Author(s):  
Niels J. Van Doesum ◽  
Paul A. M. Van Lange ◽  
Joshua M. Tybur ◽  
Ana Leal ◽  
Eric Van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Target Class ◽  
Dictator Games ◽  
The Uk

People are quick to form impressions of others’ social class, and likely adjust their behavior accordingly. If social class is linked to prosociality, as literature suggests, then an interaction partner’s class should affect prosocial behavior, especially when costs or investments are low. We test this expectation using social mindfulness (SoMi) and dictator games (DG) as complementary measures of prosociality. We manipulate target class by providing information regarding a target’s (a) position on a social class ladder, and (b) family background. Three studies using laboratory and online approaches ( Noverall = 557) in two nations (the Netherlands [NL], the UK), featuring actual and hypothetical exchanges, reveal that lower class targets are met with greater prosociality than higher class targets, even when based on information about the targets’ parents (Study 3). The effect of target class was partially mediated by compassion (Studies 2 and 3) and perceived deservingness of the target (Study 3). Implications and limitations are discussed.

Social-Class Bias in Clinical Judgment and Recommendation for Treatment Using the Biographical Vignette Technique

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon J. Schofield ◽  
James D. Oakes
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Class Bias ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychotic Behavior

An autobiographical vignette technique was used with 14 mental hospital attendants and 14 college students rating the severity of emotional problems and recommending various forms of treatment for fictitious individuals. A social-class bias was observed; the lower-class individuals were seen as having a greater need for help than the middle-class individuals, particularly when both were given descriptions of psychotic behavior. However, the recommendation of treatment was not affected by the social class of the individuals. The results are not consistent with those of a recent study by Routh and King which showed middle-class individuals were rated as having a greater need for help than lower-class individuals using a similar vignette technique.

Self-segregation strategies through school choice in Chile: A middle-class domain?

2021 ◽  
pp. 144078332110365
Author(s):  
Alejandro Carrasco ◽  
Manuela Mendoza ◽  
Carolina Flores
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Middle Class Families

Sociological research has shown that marketized educational systems favour middle-class families’ self-segregation strategies through school choice and, consequently, the reproduction of their social advantage over poorer families. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of capitals, habitus and strategy, we analyse quantitative and ethnographic data on parents’ school choice from Chile to introduce nuances to this argument, evincing more extended and complex mechanisms of self-segregation in the Chilean marketized educational system. We found that not only middle-class parents but also parents from different socioeconomic groups displayed self-segregating school choice strategies. We also found that these strategies were performed both vertically (in relation to other social classes) and horizontally (in relation to other groups within the same social class). These findings unwrap a possible stronger effect of the Chilean school choice system over segregation.

scholarly journals Brazilian new middle class stratagem: dialectics of consumption and renewal of the overexploitation of labor

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (88) ◽  
pp. 72-95
Author(s):  
Paulo Ricardo Zilio Abdala ◽  
Maria Ceci Misoczky
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Social Consensus ◽  
Class Theory ◽  
Stratification Theory ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
The Social

Abstract The argument of this essay is that the ideia of emergence of a new Brazilian middle class was a stratagem adopted to create a positive agenda with transitory social consensus. In order to develop it, we return to the social class theory to discuss the stratification theory, which is the methodological and theoretical support of the so called new middle class. In addition to that, another possibility of analysis is presented, based on the theoretical propositions by Alvaro Vieira Pinto and Ruy Mauro Marini, two authors from the Brazilian social thought, articulating consumption, social classes, work and production as inseparable relationships, part of dependent capitalism contradictions. From these authors´ perspective, it was possible to understand that the expansion of consumption, basis for the new middle class stratagem, temporarily improved the living conditions of people at the expense of deepening the overexploitation of labor, reproducing the development of dependency.

A Comparison of Housewife Decision Making in Two Social Classes

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph N. Fry ◽  
Frederick H. Siller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Substantial Variation ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Observed Behavior

A field study employing a shopping simulation compared the purchasing behavior of working and middle class housewives. Explanations of behavioral differences were sought through an analysis of the respondents’ personal attributes. Substantial variation was found in the nature of decision making by social class, even when observed behavior was similar.

The Effects of Social Class on the Uptake of Orthodontic Treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Kenealy ◽  
Neil Frude ◽  
William Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Middle Class People

The relationship between social class and uptake of orthodontic treatment was investigated in a longitudinal cohort study of 1018 children living in South Glamorgan, Wales. Previous studies have shown that working class people make less use of dental services and receive inferior dental care than middle class people. The present investigation examined the role of one factor which appears likely to contribute to this effect: namely, the uptake of orthodontic treatment by families from different social classes. If a significant association were shown then findings relating to the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment might be confounded by this social class factor.

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