scholarly journals Changes in Forage Quantity and Quality With Continued Late-Summer Cattle Grazing a Riparian Pasture in Eastern Oregon of United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enkhjargal Darambazar ◽  
Timothy DelCurto ◽  
Daalkhaijav Damiran
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Bromus Carinatus ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
D 20 ◽  
Summer Grazing

A pasture (45 ha) in northeastern Oregon was grazed with 30 yearlings (419 kg, Body Condition Score [BCS] = 5.05) and 30 mature cows with calves (499 kg, BCS = 4.65) during August of 2001 and 2002. Sampling dates were d 0, d 10, d 20, and d 30. Forage availability before grazing was 1,039.0 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> and declined to 332.6 kg·ha<sup>-1</sup> after grazing (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.10). Grasses dominated the pasture (44.5%), followed by forbs (30.7%), grasslikes (15.9%), and shrubs (8.9%). Due to grazing quackgrass (<em>Agropyron repens </em>(L.) Beauv.), western fescue (<em>Festuca occidentalis </em>Walt.), California brome (<em>Bromus carinatus </em>Hook.), and redtop (<em>Agrostis alba </em>L.) exhibited the greatest decline in quantity. Shrub utilization was high from d 20 to d 30 (49 to 58% for willow [<em>Salix rigida</em> {Hook.} Cronq.]<strong> </strong>and 58 to 74 % for alder [<em>Alnus incana </em>{L.} Moench.]). Forbs decreased (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.10) in moisture late in the grazing period, while shrubs were (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.10) still succulent (63%). Forbs and shrubs were higher (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.10) than grasses in crude protein (11, 14, and 6%, respectively) and digestibility (59, 50, and 42%, respectively). In summary, our results suggest that cattle grazing late-summer riparian pastures will switch to intensive shrub utilization when grasses decline in quantity and quality, and forbs decline in quantity. Land managers need to know the effect of their management on vegetation and if a goal is to protect riparian woody vegetation, our data suggest that late-summer grazing should be light, or avoided when grasses have senesced.

The effect of body condition and previous nutrition on the herbage intakes of ewes grazing autumn pastures at two sward heights

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sibbald ◽  
W. G. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
High Body ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Grazing Period

AbstractTo examine the effects of body condition and previous nutrition on the herbage intake of ewes grazing swards of different heights in autumn, 96 Scottish Blackface X Border Leicester ewes with a wide range of body condition (score 1·75 to 3·50), were initially housed and given 50 g dry matter (DM) per kg metabolic live weight (M)0·75 per day (treatment L) or 95 g DM per kg M0·75 per day (treatment H) of a pelleted dried grass diet (11·6 MJ metabolizable energy per kg DM) for 6 weeks after weaning in July. The H ewes gained more live weight (9·0 v. 2·7 kg) and body condition score (0·39 v. 0·17) than the L ewes. Half the animals from each treatment were then allocated to each of two ryegrass pastures with a sward height of 5 cm (LS) or 10 cm (HS) for a further 6-week grazing period. During the grazing period there was no significant effect of indoor feeding level on herbage intake, but the L ewes gained more live weight (6·4 v. 5·0 kg) than the H ewes. On the HS, compared with the LS sward, mean herbage intakes were higher (70·0 v. 60·5 g DM per kg M0·75) as were gains in live weight and condition score (7·9 v. 3·4 kg; 0·18 v. 0·0). There were no interactions between the effects of sward height and previous feeding level on herbage intake. Ewes in low body condition (< 2·5) at the start of the grazing period ingested the same amount of herbage on both swards (70·3 g DM per kg M0·75) whereas ewes in high body condition (> 2·5) ingested more (67·0 v. 51·6 g DM per kg M0·75) on the HS compared with the LS sward. The responses of ewes in low and high body condition to different sward heights are discussed in relation to appetite drive and aspects of grazing behaviour.

Mature body composition of the Gallego sheep breed of Galicia (north-west Spain)

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 179-179
Author(s):  
M. R. Cropper ◽  
N. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
North West ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Mature Size

Taylor (1980) indicated the importance of mature size in the description of animals and its usefulness for standardising growth parameters. The mature size and body composition of the Gallego breed, a small meat-producing type first described by Mason (1967), have never been estimated under defined management conditions. Therefore, using the scaling rules and results of Thonney, Taylor, Murray and McClelland (1987) as a guide, a study was made to determine whether the reputation of Gallego lambs for producing lean carcases was borne out in the composition of mature animals.Twenty-one ewes (mean liveweight, LW, 32.7, sd 5.4 kg) and eight rams (LW 47.6, sd 8.6 kg) were selected as cast animals on the basis of age ( >4 years), body condition score (BCS, >1.75), health and teeth status and group-fed on concentrate (180 g crude protein/ kg dry-matter) and hay ad libitum. LW was measured fortnightly. When all animals had a LW and BCS which were stable for 2 months, 3 subgroups were slaughtered monthly. Weights of wool, body organs and hot carcase (HC) were recorded. Dissection of the cold carcase (CC) into commercial joints (Cabrero Poveda, 1984) and total lean, bone and fat.

The effects of concentrate supplements on the performance of dairy cows offered grass silage ad libitum

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Laird ◽  
J. D. Leaver ◽  
F. R. Moisey ◽  
M. E. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTNinety-six lactating British Friesian cows were offered ad libitum two grass silages having the following analyses: 181 and 241 g dry matter per kg fresh weight, 108 and 96g digestible crude protein per kg dry matter and 617 and 619 g digestible organic matter per kg dry matter. In addition, four concentrate supplements were offered, containing either 360 g crude protein per kg on an air-dry basis and given at the rate of 015 kg/kg milk or 180 g crude protein per kg given at the rate of 030, 0375 and 0·45 kg/kg milk. Large and highly significant differences were recorded in silage intake, mil yield, milk composition, live weight and condition score during the winter feeding period. These differences in performance were associated more with differences in energy than in protein intake. During the post-experimental grazing period no significant differences between treatments were recorded in milk yield and composition, with the exception of fat concentration, and by midsummer no significant differences were apparent in live weight. The results of the experiment were appraised in economic terms and implications for commercial practice discussed.

502. The vitamin A potency of New Zealand butter

1953 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. R. McDowell ◽  
F. H. McDowall
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Summer Grazing

Results of a survey of the carotene and vitamin A contents, and of the vitamin A potency, of New Zealand butterfat and butter, are presented. The butter samples were drawn from twenty representative commercial factories at fortnightly intervals over three successive years (1946–8). The survey covers the analysis of 1517 samples of fresh butter and 670 samples of stored butter.There were uniform and regularly recurring seasonal variations in both carotene and vitamin A contents of butterfats from all North Island districts. Maximum values were found in the late-autumn/winter/early-spring, and minimum values in the late-summer/early-autumn butterfats. The seasonal trends were thus distinctly different from those which have been reported for northern hemisphere butterfats, for which the maximum values are commonly found during the summer grazing period.The seasonal variations in carotene and vitamin A contents of South Island butterfat were less marked and less consistent than those in the corresponding values for North Island butterfat.

Adding condensed tannins to the diet increases ovulation rate in sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 853 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Banchero ◽  
A. Vázquez ◽  
M. Vera ◽  
G. Quintans
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Effective Use

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether adding condensed tannins (T) to the diet of sheep increases ovulation rate (OR). In all, 281 mature Polwarth ewes (49.9 ± 6.0 kg and body condition score (BCS) of 2.02 ± 0.24 units) were heat-synchronised (oestrus = Day 1) and sorted in the following four treatment diets: (1) native pasture alone (82.6 g of CP and 8.4 MJ metabolisable energy (ME)/kg DM) (NP; n = 70); (2) native pasture (NP) plus a supplement of 0.45 kg of soybean meal (S) from Day 10 to Day 14 (NP+S; n = 71); (3) NP plus a supplement of 0.45 kg S and 25 g of T, to get an estimated concentration of T in the diet of 1.5% (NP+S+1.5T; n = 69); and (4) NP plus a supplement of 0.45 kg S and 42 g of T, to get a concentration of T of 2.5% (NP+S+2.5T; n = 71). OR was measured 8 days after the second heat by rectal ultrasound (Day 25). The estimated consumption of crude protein (CP) during the supplementation period was 129, 261, 237 and 200 g/ewe.day for NP, NP+S, NP+S+1.5T and NP+S+2.5T ewes, respectively. NP+S+1.5T ewes had an OR of 1.90, which was higher (P < 0.05) than those for NP+S+2.5T and NP+S ewes (1.68 and 1.70, respectively). All supplemented ewes had a higher OR than did NP ewes (1.48, P < 0.05). Although NP+S+1.5T ewes ate less protein than did NP+S ewes, their OR was higher, as a result of a more effective use of the protein. The higher concentrations of 2.5% T in the diet might have not evoked a response in OR.

The effects of feeding grass silage and molassed sugarbeet pulp either separately or as an ensiled mixture to twin-bearing ewes

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. O'DOHERTY ◽  
P. NOWAKOWSKI ◽  
T. F. CROSBY
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

First-harvest, precision-chopped Lolium perenne grass with a dry matter (DM) content of 132·0 g/kg and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude protein (CP) contents of 24 g/kg and 106 g/kg DM, respectively, was ensiled in farm scale silos following the addition of formic acid (FA) (2·5 l/t) or molassed sugarbeet pulp (MSBP) (50 kg/t). Mature twin-bearing ewes (n=56) were allocated to one of seven treatments and offered either FA-treated silage or MSBP silage ad libitum. The trial commenced on day 91 of pregnancy, when the ewes were offered FA-treated silage (T1), FA-treated silage+soyabean meal (T2), MSBP silage (T3), MSBP silage+soyabean meal (T4), FA-treated silage+MSBP (T5), FA-treated silage+MSBP+soyabean meal (T6) or FA-treated silage+a barley-based supplement (150 g CP per kg DM) (T7, control). Soyabean meal supplementation was only offered in the last 3 weeks of pregnancy, with the objective of achieving a total CP intake of 220 g/ewe per day. Compared with the FA-treated silage, the MSBP silage had a higher nitrogen content (P<0·01) and a lower neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content, but the two silages did not differ in DM, acid detergent fibre (ADF) or gross energy contents. Silage DM intakes (SDMI) were higher on the MSBP silage-based diets (T3, T4) than for any other treatment (P<0·05). The addition of soyabean meal significantly increased SDMI in T2 in the last week of pregnancy (P<0·05), but there was no response in SDMI to soyabean meal supplementation in any of the other treatments. Ewe liveweight changes (kg) of −0·4, 4·1, 7·8, 10·2, 7·1, 9·6 and 10·8 (S.E.±1·2), body condition score changes of −0·96, −0·59, −0·42, −0·33, −0·37, +0·01 and −0·27 (S.E.±0·1) and total lamb birth weights (kg) of 8·0, 8·7, 9·2, 9·9, 8·6, 8·0 and 10·4 (S.E.±0·5) were recorded for ewes in T1 to T7 respectively.

scholarly journals 285 Supplement intake variation, weight, and body condition change in yearling heifers grazing late-summer dryland pastures with Rumax BoviBox versus Rumax BoviBox HM protein supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 209-210
Author(s):  
Tyrell McClain ◽  
Samuel Wyffels ◽  
Shay Larsen ◽  
Luka Müller ◽  
Noah G Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Protein Block ◽  
Supplement Intake

Abstract The objectives of this study were to evaluate Rumax BoviBox versus Rumax BoviBox HM protein supplements on supplement intake behavior, body weight (BW), and body condition score (BCS) change of yearling heifers grazing dryland pastures during late summer. Fifty-nine yearling commercial Angus heifers (428 kg) were stratified by BW and randomly assigned to one of two supplementation treatments: 1) free-choice access to Rumax BoviBox protein block supplement (30% CP, 23% salt; n = 29); and 2) free-choice access to Rumax BoviBox HM high magnesium protein block supplement (28.7% CP, 23% salt; n = 30). Individual supplement intake, time spent at the feeder, and intake variation were measured throughout the study. On d 0, 42, and 84 heifers were weighed and assigned a BCS following a 16-h shrink. Additionally, forage was sampled every 14 d throughout the study. Supplement intake (kg ∙ d-1) displayed a treatment × period interaction (P &lt; 0.01). However, within period, treatment differences were not observed with intakes averaging 0.15 and 0.34 kg ∙ day-1 for d 0 – 42 and 42 - 84, respectively. Heifers spent more time at the feeder in period 2 than in period 1 (P &lt; 0.01), averaging 7.67 vs 4.00 min per day, respectively. Supplement intake rate (g ∙ min-1) also displayed a treatment effect (P &lt; 0.01) indicating that heifers in the Rumax BoviBox treatment had lower intake rate compared to Rumax BoviBox HM supplemented heifers. In conclusion, there were only minor differences in intake behavior and animal performance with the Rumax BoviBox and Rumax BoviBox HM supplement treatments. However, supplement intake increased and variation in intake decreased with declining forage quality and quantity.

Production by wethers fed oats, wheat, and lupins, with dry annual pasture in north-eastern Victoria

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Live Export

An experiment was conducted at Rutherglen Research Institute in autumn 1979 to evaluate various grain supplements for the fattening of 18-month-old Merino wethers intended for the live export market. All sheep had mature, dry pasture, harvested during mid summer, freely on offer. This herbage contained 9% crude protein and was 47% digestible. Wheat, oats or lupins were fed as supplements at 0, 180, 360, 540 g/head.d and ad libitum. Mixed grain rations were also studied: lupins were fed at 0, 90, 180 and 270 g/head.d with either wheat or oats ad libitum. Wethers were fed these rations for nine weeks and fasted liveweight, wool growth, and body condition score were measured. Animals were then slaughtered and carcases weighed. Animal performance was positively related to the rate of grain intake. Ad libitum intakes of wheat and oats were low - 450 and 520 g/head.d respectively, and only maintained liveweights. in contrast, lupins fed ad libitum were consumed at 650 g/head.d, which resulted in significant increases in live and carcase weight - 4 kg and 3.8 kg respectively. Pasture intake was reduced by one third with all ad libitum grain rations. The addition of lupins at 180 g/head.d to wheat or oats increased the ad libitum intakes of the cereal grains to 550 and 650 g/head.d, respectively, with associated liveweight gains of 1.0 and 4.5 kg for the nine week period. Intake of cereal grains was generally low compared with that in other published reports; but all rations containing more than 10% lupins showed promise as supplements for fattening wethers.

scholarly journals Influence of an immune-modulatory feed supplement on performance and immune function of beef cows and calves preweaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler S Crook ◽  
Paul A Beck ◽  
Shane Gadberry ◽  
Michael B Sims ◽  
C Brandon Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Nutritional Compounds

Abstract The ability to positively alter immune and stress response with nutritional compounds is of great interest and importance to the beef industry. There is a proprietary product (OmniGen-AF [OG]; Phibro Animal Health, Quincy, IL) reported to have performance-enhancing benefits by altering animal response to stress and immune challenges. The objective of this 2-yr research project was to study the effect of supplementing OG to beef cows and their calves on breeding and growth performance. One hundred and twelve multiparous beef cows and 48 primiparous cows were randomly assigned to treatment in year 1; control (CON, no OG; n = 56 multiparous and 24 primiparous) or treatment (OG fed at 8.8 g/100 kg body weight [BW]; n = 56 multiparous and 24 primiparous). Multiparous cows (mean ± SD = 6.4 ± 0.4 yr; BW = 589 ± 9.2 kg; body condition score [BCS] 6.2 ± 0.07) were used in both years of the experiment and primiparous cows (mean ± SD = 2.1 ± 0.04 yr of age, weighed 400 ± 7.5 kg, and BSC of 5.6 ± 0.06) were only used in the first year of the experiment. CON and OG supplements were offered over two production cycles beginning in December approximately 60 d prior to projected calving through pre-breeding in May of each year. Calves from treatment cows were offered treatments in a creep supplement limited to a daily rate of 1% as-fed of BW prorated for 3-d/wk feeding from mid-July through weaning with OG offered at 8.8 g/100 kg BW. Primiparous cow’s BW, BCS, and calf performance were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.15) in year 1. BW of multiparous OG cows tended (P = 0.10) to be heavier at weaning in year 1 and was greater (P = 0.05) at the onset of the experiment in year 2. Body condition of OG cows was greater (P ≤ 0.02) at weaning in both years 1 and 2, as well as at the onset of the experiment in year 2. Calves fed OG from the mature cows gained more (P = 0.05) BW during the creep feeding period than CON. Core body temperatures of OG heifers measured during the late summer with intravaginal temperature data loggers tended (P ≤ 0.10) to be less at 1400 and 1700 hours and were less (P = 0.05) at 1800 hours than CON heifers. Feeding OG did not result in changes (P = 0.25) in serum titer response to the BVD virus of calves during year 2. The results of the current experiment indicate feeding OG to beef cows and calves can result in improvement in BCS of cows, enhance weight gain of calves preweaning, and reduce heat loads in heifer calves during the late summer.

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