Turkish Adult Risk Factor survey 2014: Overall mortality and coronary disease incidence in Turkey’s geographic regions

Abstract Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is an important modifiable risk factor for child hospitalization, although its contribution is not well documented in countries where ETS due to maternal tobacco smoking is negligible. We conducted a birth cohort study of 1999 neonates between May 2009 and May 2010 in Nha Trang, Vietnam, to evaluate paternal tobacco smoking as a risk factor for infectious and non-infectious diseases. Hospitalizations during a 24-month observation period were identified using hospital records. The effect of paternal exposure during pregnancy and infancy on infectious disease incidence was evaluated using Poisson regression models. In total, 35.6% of 1624 children who attended follow-up visits required at least one hospitalization by 2 years of age, and the most common reason for hospitalization was lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Paternal tobacco smoking independently increased the risk of LRTI 1.76-fold (95% CI: 1.24–2.51) after adjusting for possible confounders but was not associated with any other cause of hospitalization. The population attributable fraction indicated that effective interventions to prevent paternal smoking in the presence of children would reduce LRTI-related hospitalizations by 14.8% in this epidemiological setting.

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Severity of Preoperative Proteinuria is a Risk Factor for Overall Mortality in Patients Undergoing Nephrectomy

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/j.juro.2017.04.016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 198 (4) ◽

pp. 795-802 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Y. Yang ◽

R. Houston Thompson ◽

Harras B. Zaid ◽

Christine M. Lohse ◽

Andrew D. Rule ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Overall Mortality

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Stroke Disparities: From Observations to Actions

Stroke ◽

10.1161/strokeaha.120.030428 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 3392-3405 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ralph L. Sacco

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Human Populations ◽

Stroke Incidence ◽

Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

Study Results ◽

Improvement Programs

Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated stroke disparities across race and ethnic groups. The goal of the NOMAS (Northern Manhattan Study) was to evaluate race and ethnic differences in stroke within a community with 3 different race-ethnic groups. Starting as a population-based incidence and case-control study, the study evolved into a cohort study. Results from NOMAS have demonstrated differences in stroke incidence, subtypes, risk factors, and outcomes. Disparities in ideal cardiovascular health can help explain many differences in stroke incidence and call for tailored risk factor modification through innovative portals to shift more diverse subjects to ideal cardiovascular health. The results of NOMAS and multiple other studies have provided foundational data to support interventions. Conceptual models to address health disparities have called for moving from detecting disparities in disease incidence, to determining the underlying causes of disparities and developing interventions, and then to testing interventions in human populations. Further actions to address race and ethnic stroke disparities are needed including innovative risk factor interventions, stroke awareness campaigns, quality improvement programs, workforce diversification, and accelerating policy changes.

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Abstract 342: A Description of Cardiac Outcomes in Patients With Sickle Cell Trait and Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluated in a National Inpatient Data Sample

Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ◽

10.1161/hcq.13.suppl_1.342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Samuel I Ogbuchi ◽

Temidayo Abe ◽

Kapil Bhatia ◽

Leondus S McIver ◽

Michelle Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Sickle Cell Trait ◽

Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽

Protective Role ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Overall Mortality

Introduction: Sickle cell trait (SCT) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is a well-established risk factor for progressive cardiovascular dysfunction. Sickle Cell trait has been noted to promote a persistent systemic pro-inflammatory state. This pro-inflammatory state could potentially increase the risk of systemic endothelial dysfunction when accompanied with other cardiotoxic conditions. We aim to investigate cardiovascular outcomes in patients with SCT and CKD, compared to SCT alone. Methods: Patients with CKD were identified in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2016 using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM), and subsequently were divided into two groups, those with and without SCT. Both population sets were paired using 1:1 propensity score matching based on Age, Sex and co-morbidities to address potential confounding factors. Outcomes of interest were overall mortality, rates of stroke, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and cardiomyopathy. Results: Mean age of patients with CKD alone was 72.98 ± 13.2 years, while for CKD and SCT 56.68 ± 17.3 years. There was no significant difference between the two group in the rates of stroke (1.3% vs 1.0%; P= 0.125), and SCA (1.0% vs 1.1%; P= 0.841). Overall mortality (5.7% vs 2.2%; P<0.0001) and rates of cardiomyopathy (10.1% vs 2.9%; P<0.0001) were significantly lower in patients with CKD and SCT, compared to CKD alone. Multivariate logistic regression followed a similar trend, compared to those with CKD alone, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for overall mortality aOR; 0.625 (0.372-1.049) and cardiomyopathy aOR; 0.451 (0.293-0.696) were significantly lower in patients with CKD and SCT. Conclusion: Compared to patients with CKD alone, those with CKD and SCT have a lower risk for overall mortality and cardiomyopathy. Further studies are needed to replicate this finding and look at the possible protective role of SCT in patients with CKD.

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Preventing chronic disease risk factors: Rationale and feasibility

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina44100094 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 (10) ◽

pp. 745 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Courtney Jordan ◽

Megan Slater ◽

Thomas Kottke

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The United States ◽

Hazardous Drinking ◽

Chronic Disease Risk ◽

Risk Factor Prevention

Objective. The majority of the mortality, morbidity, and disability in the United States and other developed countries is due to chronic diseases. These diseases could be prevented to a great extent with the elimination of four root causes: physical inactivity, poor nutrition, smoking, and hazardous drinking. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether efficacious risk factor prevention interventions exist and to examine the evidence that populationwide program implementation is justified. Materials and methods. We conducted a literature search for meta-analyses and systematic reviews of trials that tested interventions to increase physical activity, improve nutrition, reduce smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and reduce hazardous drinking. Results. We found that appropriately designed interventions can produce behavioral change for the four behaviors. Effective interventions included tailored fact-to-face counseling, phone counseling, and computerized tailored feedback. Computer-based health behavior assessment with feedback and education was documented to be an effective method of determining behavior, assessing participant interest in behavior change and delivering interventions. Some programs have documented reduced health care costs associated with intervention. Conclusions. Positive results to date suggest that further investments to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of chronic disease risk factor prevention programs are warranted. Widespread implementation of these programs could have a significant impact on chronic disease incidence rates and costs of health care.

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P0943FAT MASS/FAT FREE MASS RATIO AS A CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR. SURVIVAL STUDY

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0943 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Guillermina Barril ◽

Angel Nogueira ◽

Nuria Garcia ◽

Paloma Sanz ◽

Graciela Alvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Survival Study ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Inflammation Parameters ◽

Overall Mortality

Abstract Background and Aims Excess fat mass correlates with cardiovascular risk and if the increase in BMI is at the expense of fat mass it can increase mortality. Aims- To evaluate the Fat Mass/Fat Free Mass ratio (FM/FFM)in 195 CKD patients and establish a correlation with nutrition-inflammation parameters, body composition and hand grip strenght Method We have studied 195 patients aged 67.01 ± 14.52 years, 126 (64.6%) men and 69 (35.4%) women. 41% in HD and 59% with advanced CKD. We have determined FM/FFM ratio using BIA monofrequency Bodigram Plus (Akhern) and hand grip stengh ( baseline).We determine biochemical nutrition-inflammation parameters also. Results xRatio FM/FFM = 0.499 ± 0.2304, in men = 0.41 ± 0.16 and in women = 0.64 ± 0.26 (both less than published 0.57 men and 0.867 in women). Median 0.4558 and percentils (p) with cut-off points 0.3868 and 0.5574. In HD 31 in P1, 23 in P2 and 26 in P3. In advanced CKD 32 in P1, 41 in P2 and 42 in P3. Anova significant according to percentiles: SMI, age, TBW% BCMI, albumin, waist circunference, and Hand grip strenght. Correlations Men FM / FFM ratio direct sig correlation with weight, AEC% and Trasferrin%, inverse with MIS, SMI, Na / K, BCM%, TBW%, IBW%, BCMI and right dynamometry. Do not continue with BMI, Phase Angle, Hb, lymphocytes, prealbumin, PCR. Women FM/FFM ratio direct sig correlation wih: weight, Na / k, BMI, prealbumin, CRP, MIS, inverse with: TBW. No sig: SMI, BCM%, EBW%, IBW%, MAMC, BCMI, Hb, hand grip strenght, lymphocytes or transferrin. In the 24-month mortality study we found no significant differences in Kaplan Meier overall mortality using the 3 percentiles. They died 7/63 in P1, 1/64 in P2 and 8/68 in P3. If we make the union of 1 and 2 vs percentil3 we find significant differences in mortality between strata, especially in HD with Long Rank 0.05. Conclusions 1.-The FM /FFM ratio is a useful tool for diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity 2.-It correlates significantly with parameters of CRP (direct) inflammation, muscle strength (inverse) and CV risk (direct waist circumference and tricipital fold) 3.- In a survival study joining P1 + P2 vs P3 we found greater survival in P1 + P2, mainly in HD.

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