Are wheezing, asthma and eczema in children associated with mother’s health during pregnancy? Evidence from an Australian birth cohort

Background This study investigated the prevalence of wheezing, asthma, and eczema among Australian children using longitudinal data from birth to 15 years of age. This study also examined the association between maternal health status during pregnancy and their offspring’s respiratory and allergic morbidities using sex-segregated data. Methods This study used data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) where approximately 5000 children of a birth cohort across Australia were surveyed in 2004. These children were followed biennially in eight waves up to their age of 15 years until 2018. The status of the children’s wheezing, asthma, and eczema were reported by the mothers upon doctors’ diagnosis (for asthma) or self-assessment (for wheezing or eczema). Binomial logistic regression models were used to analyse associations between maternal health during pregnancy and their children’s health outcomes. Results Asthma prevalence among 0–1-year aged children was 11.7%, increased to 15.4% when the children were 10–11 years old, and then decreased to 13.6% when they were 14–15 years old. Wheezing and eczema were most prevalent when the children were 2–3 years old (26.0 and 17.8% respectively) and were least prevalent when the children were 14–15 years old (7.3 and 9.5% respectively). Maternal asthma, smoking during pregnancy, and pre-pregnancy obesity were significantly associated with an increased risk of wheezing and asthma in Australian children. Childhood eczema was associated only with maternal asthma. These associations were stronger among male children up to age 10–11 and during adolescence (12–15 years of age), female children were more prone to wheezing, asthma, and eczema. Conclusion This is a comprehensive longitudinal study of Australian children (0–15 years of age) to assess the prevalence (with sex-specific differences) of wheezing, asthma and eczema as well as the association between these respiratory and allergic morbidities and maternal health during pregnancy. The study findings suggest that careful medical and obstetric monitoring, improved specific age-sex wise risk factor prevention for children and health promotion for pregnant women would help protect child health.

Determinan Kejadian Preeklampsia pada Ibu Hamil

Preeclampsia is an increase in blood pressure in pregnant women and excess levels of protein in the urine (proteinuria). This study aims to assess the factors associated with the incidence of preeclampsia. This is an analytical observational study with a case control study approach. This study was carried out in January-September 2018. The sample in this study was 62 people, 31 case samples and 31 control samples. Sample was selected used simple random sampling technique. Data analysis using chi-square test. The results of this study showed that there was a relationship between obesity, parity, and history of ANC with the incidence of preeclampsia with p-value <0.05. Obesity is 7.2 times more at risk of developing preeclampsia (OR = 7,200 CI 95% = 2,182-23,755). Multigravida (OR = 0.044 95% CI: 0.011-0.182) and a history of complete ANC (OR = 0.057 95% CI: 0.011-0.281) were protective factors for the incidence of preeclampsia. To prevent the incidence of preeclampsia, it is necessary to increase education and literacy on risk factor prevention, including improving clean and healthy living behavior.

EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN POSBINDU PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR (POSBINDU PTM) DI LINGKUNGAN TEMPAT TINGGAL

ABSTRACT Posbindu PTM is one of NCD risk factor prevention and control programs in Indonesia. About 50.6% of villages already carry out Posbindu PTM, but the prevalence of PTM risk factors remains high. This article aims to inform the results of the evaluation of Posbindu PTM implementation in residential environment, including benefits, utilization, constraints and implementation opportunities. Evaluation is carried out through a systemic review of articles related Posbindu PTM implementations published online in 2015-2020. Articles searched through google scholar search engine, Garuda portal, and Pubmed/PMC with keywords: Posbindu PTM implementation, utilization of Posbindu PTM, constraints and opportunities. As a selection criterion is the article is the result of research or evaluation of the implementation of Posbindu PTM and its utilization, and the article can be accessed in full text. Publications totaled 44 articles, and 19 articles met the criteria. Posbindu PTM activities generally have not been implemented regularly and comprehensively. The problem with the implementation of Posbindu PTM is that the officer is not precise in setting targets, lack of operational funds, and limited ability of cadres. Improving the benefits of Posbindu PTM requires the coaching of health workers, strengthening cadre competencies in counseling/education, and strengthening regulation in the region. Keywords: Posbindu PTM, implementation, benefits, obstacles, opportunity ABSTRAK Posbindu PTM merupakan salah satu program pencegahan dan pengendalian faktor risiko PTM di Indonesia. Sekitar 50,6% desa sudah melaksanakan Posbindu PTM, namun prevalensi faktor risiko PTM tetap tinggi. Artikel ini bertujuan menginformasikan hasil evaluasi pelaksanaan Posbindu PTM di lingkungan tempat tinggal, meliputi manfaat, pemanfaatan, kendala dan peluang pelaksanaanya. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui sistematik reviu artikel terkait pelaksanaan Posbindu PTM yang dipublikasi secara online pada tahun 2015-2020. Artikel ditelusuri melalui mesin pencari google scholar, portal garuda, dan Pubmed/PMC dengan kata kunci: pelaksanaan Posbindu PTM, pemanfaatan Posbindu PTM, kendala dan peluang Posbindu PTM. Sebagai kriteria seleksi adalah artikel merupakan hasil penelitian atau evaluasi pelaksanaan Posbindu PTM dan pemanfaatannya, dapat menggunakan bahasa Indonesia maupun bahasa Inggris, dan artikel tersebut dapat diakses secara full text. Jumlah publikasi terkait berjumlah 44 artikel, dan 19 artikel memenuhi kriteria seleksi. Kegiatan Posbindu PTM umumnya belum dilaksanakan secara rutin dan komprehensif. Kegiatan dimanfaatkan oleh usia 35 tahun ke atas dan pasien PTM. Permasalahan pelaksanaan Posbindu PTM adalah Petugas kurang tepat dalam menetapkan sasaran, kurangnya dana operasional, dan keterbatasan kemampuan Kader melakukan konseling. Dukungan pemangku kepentingan merupakan peluang berkembangnya Posbindu PTM. Peningkatan manfaat Posbindu PTM memerlukan pembinaan petugas kesehatan, penguatan kompetensi kader dalam melakukan konseling/edukasi, dan penguatan regulasi di daerah. Kata kunci: Posbindu PTM; pelaksanaan; manfaat; kendala; peluang

Skin Tears in Older People

Skin tears are a common occurrence in older people, though many are unfamiliar with them until late in life. These painful wounds are more likely to occur with age as the skin experiences age-related changes. Numerous factors including declining dermal thickness and loss of elasticity contribute to their development. Risk increases in patients who need assistance with activities of daily living or who need help transferring from bed or chair. Polypharmacy is a risk factor. Prevention is the best approach, but once skin tears develop, treatment needs to be tailored to the tear's grade.

Skin Tears in Older People

Skin tears are a common occurrence in older people, though many are unfamiliar with them until late in life. These painful wounds are more likely to occur with age as the skin experiences age-related changes. Numerous factors including declining dermal thickness and loss of elasticity contribute to their development. Risk increases in patients who need assistance with activities of daily living or who need help transferring from bed or chair. Polypharmacy is a risk factor. Prevention is the best approach, but once skin tears develop, treatment needs to be tailored to the tear's grade.

Primordial Prevention of High Blood Pressure in Childhood

Hypertension is a condition with increased risk for subsequent adverse events, and treatment of hypertension is prescribed for primary prevention of adverse events. Primordial prevention is a concept that precedes primary prevention and focuses on risk factor prevention. Primordial prevention of hypertension consists of strategies to maintain blood pressure in a normal range and prevent development of elevated blood pressure or hypertension. Childhood is a period in which primordial prevention could be effective and if sustained throughout childhood could contribute to a healthier young adulthood. Targets for primordial prevention in childhood include preventing and reducing childhood obesity, achieving an optimal diet that includes avoiding excessive salt consumption, and removing barriers to physical activity and healthy sleep throughout childhood. Primordial prevention also includes the prenatal period wherein some maternal conditions and exposures are associated with higher blood pressure in child offspring.