Climatic warming and its effect on bud burst and risk of frost damage to white spruce in Canada

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Frost Risk

Temperature data from ten weather stations across Canada were used to model the effects of climate warming on the timing of bud burst and the risk of frost damage to white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). There was evidence of increasingly earlier dates of bud break over the course of this century at half of the stations examined (Amos and Brome, Québec; Cochrane, Ontario; Fort Vermilion, Alberta; and Woodstock, New Brunswick), with the period 1981 to 1988 having the earliest predicted dates of bud burst (earliest degree day accumulation). Risk of frost damage at most stations in the 1980s was usually greater than in earlier periods. Weather data modelled for climate warming of 5 °C predicts that bud burst will occur two to four weeks sooner than was the case during 1961 to 1980 at all stations, but that this will generally be accompanied by decreased risk of frost after bud burst. However, while the expected trend is one of reduced frost risk in the future, as the climate gradually warms frost risk is expected to fluctuate upward or downward depending on interactions between provenance and local climate. Key words: bud burst, climate warming, dormancy, freezing damage, frost, global climate change, Picea glauca, white spruce

Rapid change in suitability of white spruce for a specialist herbivore, Zeiraphera canadensis, as a function of leaf age

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2132-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Quiring
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Specialist Herbivore ◽  
Sib Families

Field studies were carried out over 2 years to determine the effect of age of white spruce (Picea glauca) leaves on the development of the spruce bud moth, Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. &Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). In both years developing buds remained suitable for first-instar larvae for only 4–5 days after bud burst, after which survivorship decreased significantly. Individuals that survived on flaring shoots were smaller than those placed on newly burst buds. Although leaf contents of water, nitrogen, and several minerals were inversely related to leafage, only declines in N and P content were associated with the rapid change in host suitability. Differences in N and P contents were small, however, suggesting that the rapid decline in host suitability was also due to the influence of other, unmeasured factors. When larvae were placed on foliage of the same age, their survival was similar on trees in half-sib families with high or low susceptibility to Z. canadensis. Thus, variations in susceptibility of white spruce to Z. canadensis might be associated with differences in host-plant phenology but are not due to differences in nutritional quality. This study demonstrates that the phenological window for establishment of newly emerged folivores may be shorter than is commonly thought.

scholarly journals Utilization of Climate Files Predicting Future Weather in Dynamic Building Performance Simulation – A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012070
Author(s):  
C N Nielsen ◽  
J Kolarik
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Dynamical Downscaling ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As the climate is changing and buildings are designed with a life expectancy of 50+ years, it is sensible to take climate change into account during the design phase. Data representing future weather are needed so that building performance simulations can predict the impact of climate change. Currently, this usually requires one year of weather data with a temporal resolution of one hour, which represents local climate conditions. However, both the temporal and spatial resolution of global climate models is generally too coarse. Two general approaches to increase the resolution of climate models - statistical and dynamical downscaling have been developed. They exist in many variants and modifications. The present paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of future weather application as well as critical insights in the model and method selection. The results indicate a general trend to select the simplest methods, which often involves a compromise on selecting climate models.

scholarly journals Assessment of assisted migration effects on spring bud flush in white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Rongzhou Man
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Flushing Time ◽  
Fitness Trait ◽  
Bud Flushing ◽  
Tree Seed

In a changing climate, delaying the time of bud flush may be advantageous to boreal forest species to reduce the risk of spring frost damage. In this study, we examined the potential effect of assisted migration of tree seed on time to bud flush for white spruce. Flushing times of seedlings from 23 white spruce provenances from Ontario were observed under varying temperature conditions simulated in controlled environment chambers. Results indicated that time to bud flush varied considerably among provenances. Although higher temperatures significantly promoted bud flushing for all provenances, provenance-by-temperature interactions were negligible, indicating stable performance of white spruce provenances for this adaptive trait. Spatial patterns of variation among provenances in bud flushing were not consistent with patterns found in range-wide provenance tests. Assisted migration of tree seed across relatively short distances is unlikely to delay bud flushing time in white spruce. Some southern populations may flush earlier at more northerly sites, which would exacerbate spring frost risk. Tree improvement may be an effective approach to utilize amongand withinprovenance variation to enhance this fitness trait for better climatic adaptation.

scholarly journals Effects of winter warming on cold hardiness and spring budbreak of four boreal conifers

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Steve Colombo ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Freezing Damage

Compared with the effects of spring frosts on opening buds or newly flushed tissues, winter freezing damage to conifers, owing to temperature fluctuations prior to budbreak, is rare and less known. In this study, changes in cold hardiness (measured based on electrolyte leakage and needle damage) and spring budbreak were assessed to examine the responses of four boreal conifer species — black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce (Picea glauca) (Moench) Voss), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud.) — to different durations of experimental warming (16 °C day to –2 °C night with a 10 h photoperiod, except for night temperatures during November warming (+2 °C)). Seedlings showed increased responses to warming from November to March, while the capacity to regain the cold hardiness lost to warming decreased during the same period. This suggests an increasing vulnerability of conifers to temperature fluctuations and freezing damage with the progress of chilling and dormancy release from fall to spring. Both lodgepole pine and jack pine initiated spring growth earlier and had greater responses to experimental warming in bud phenology than black spruce and white spruce, suggesting a greater potential risk of frost/freezing damage to pine trees in the spring.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation in Picea glauca for Growth and Phenological Traits From Provenance Tests in Ontario

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Lesser ◽  
W. H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Adaptive Variation ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

Abstract Ecologically based management of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss.) requires an understanding of its patterns of adaptive variation. This understanding will become increasingly important under changing climate conditions. Five common garden tests and a greenhouse trial established in 2002 across Ontario were used to assess levels of genetic variation and relate this variation to local climate. Growth and phenological variables, including height, root collar diameter, survival, timing of spring budflush, and timing of fall budset were measured. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for all traits to determine levels of genetic variation. Simple linear regressions were used to relate these differences to local climate conditions. After two growing season’s levels of between-provenance genetic variation ranged from 0 percent for several of the budflush variables to 22 percent for 2003 survival at the Englehart field trial. Overall, growth variables showed higher levels of between-provenance variation than phenological variables. Variation was predominately explained by longitude, a surrogate for precipitation patterns in Ontario, and temperature variables related to the growing season with r2 values ranging from 0.03 to 0.55. Generally, patterns of adaptive variation followed a southeast to northwest trend across Ontario. Northern sources flushed earlier and set bud earlier, while southern sources demonstrated superior growth. Results support previous white spruce genecology studies showing superior growth of sources from the Ottawa valley region of Ontario and Quebec.

Effects of artificial warming during quiescence on budbreak and growth of white spruce, Picea glauca

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1538-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn C. Pike ◽  
James C. Warren ◽  
Rebecca A. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Range Edge ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Infrared Lamps ◽  
Intermittent Warming

Climate change is expected to increase winter temperatures in boreal climates. White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) is vulnerable to spring frost damage due to its habit of early budbreak, which may be exacerbated or lessened with increasingly warm winters at its southern range edge. We tested the effects of episodic warming during the quiescent stage on budbreak time and growth of seven seed sources grown in a common garden setting in Minnesota, USA. Treatment plots were warmed with infrared lamps for 4 days each in February, March, or February and March to simulate a midwinter thaw. Control plots for each treatment and an overall control were included for comparison. Trees warmed in February experienced a slight delay in spring budbreak, but differences in budbreak time were generally not significant. Terminal growth was significantly and negatively correlated with time of budbreak but not with time to growth cessation. Our results suggest that white spruce is relatively resilient to the effects of intermittent warming but that warming early in the season may delay budbreak time, which is expected to reduce terminal growth.

Vulnerability of white spruce tree growth in interior Alaska in response to climate variability: dendrochronological, demographic, and experimental perspectivesThis article is one of a selection of papers from The Dynamics of Change in Alaska’s Boreal Forests: Resilience and Vulnerability in Response to Climate Warming.

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1197-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. David McGuire ◽  
Roger W. Ruess ◽  
A. Lloyd ◽  
J. Yarie ◽  
Joy S. Clein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Soil Moisture Availability ◽  
Plant Water Balance ◽  
Selection Of

This paper integrates dendrochronological, demographic, and experimental perspectives to improve understanding of the response of white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) tree growth to climatic variability in interior Alaska. The dendrochronological analyses indicate that climate warming has led to widespread declines in white spruce growth throughout interior Alaska that have become more prevalent during the 20th century. Similarly, demographic studies show that white spruce tree growth is substantially limited by soil moisture availability in both mid- and late-successional stands. Interannual variability in tree growth among stands within a landscape exhibits greater synchrony than does growth of trees that occupy different landscapes, which agrees with dendrochronological findings that the responses depend on landscape position and prevailing climate. In contrast, the results from 18 years of a summer moisture limitation experiment showed that growth in midsuccessional upland stands was unaffected by moisture limitation and that moisture limitation decreased white spruce growth in floodplain stands where it was expected that growth would be less vulnerable because of tree access to river water. Taken together, the evidence from the different perspectives analyzed in this study clearly indicates that white spruce tree growth in interior Alaska is vulnerable to the effects of warming on plant water balance.

Vulnerability of sweet cherry cultivars to continuous periods of spring frosts in Plovdiv, Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
S. Malchev ◽  
S. Savchovska
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group Form ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Abstract. The periods with continuous freezing air temperatures reported during the spring of 2020 (13 incidents) affected a wide range of local and introduced sweet cherry cultivars in the region of Plovdiv. They vary from -0.6°C on March 02 to -4.9°C on March 16-17. The duration of influence of the lowest temperatures is 6 and 12 hours between March 16 and 17. The inspection of fruit buds and flowers was conducted twice (on March 26 and April 08) at different phenological stages after continuous waves of cold weather conditions alternated with high temperatures. During the phenological phase ‘bud burst’ (tight cluster or BBCH 55) some of the flowers in the buds did not develop further making the damage hardly detectable. The most damaged are hybrid El.28-21 (95.00%), ‘Van’ (91.89%) and ‘Bing’ (89.41%) and from the next group ‘Lapins’ (85.98%) and ‘Rosita’ (83.33%). A larger intermediate group form ‘Kossara’ (81.67%), ‘Rozalina’ (76.00%), ‘Sunburst’ (75.00%), ‘Bigarreau Burlat’ (69.11%) and ‘Kuklenska belitza’ (66.67%). Candidate-cultivar El.17-90 ‘Asparuh’ has the lowest frost damage values of 55.00% and El.17-37 ‘Tzvetina’ with damage of 50.60%.

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