scholarly journals Assessment of assisted migration effects on spring bud flush in white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Rongzhou Man
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Flushing Time ◽  
Fitness Trait ◽  
Bud Flushing ◽  
Tree Seed

In a changing climate, delaying the time of bud flush may be advantageous to boreal forest species to reduce the risk of spring frost damage. In this study, we examined the potential effect of assisted migration of tree seed on time to bud flush for white spruce. Flushing times of seedlings from 23 white spruce provenances from Ontario were observed under varying temperature conditions simulated in controlled environment chambers. Results indicated that time to bud flush varied considerably among provenances. Although higher temperatures significantly promoted bud flushing for all provenances, provenance-by-temperature interactions were negligible, indicating stable performance of white spruce provenances for this adaptive trait. Spatial patterns of variation among provenances in bud flushing were not consistent with patterns found in range-wide provenance tests. Assisted migration of tree seed across relatively short distances is unlikely to delay bud flushing time in white spruce. Some southern populations may flush earlier at more northerly sites, which would exacerbate spring frost risk. Tree improvement may be an effective approach to utilize amongand withinprovenance variation to enhance this fitness trait for better climatic adaptation.

Effects of artificial warming during quiescence on budbreak and growth of white spruce, Picea glauca

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1538-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn C. Pike ◽  
James C. Warren ◽  
Rebecca A. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Range Edge ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Infrared Lamps ◽  
Intermittent Warming

Climate change is expected to increase winter temperatures in boreal climates. White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) is vulnerable to spring frost damage due to its habit of early budbreak, which may be exacerbated or lessened with increasingly warm winters at its southern range edge. We tested the effects of episodic warming during the quiescent stage on budbreak time and growth of seven seed sources grown in a common garden setting in Minnesota, USA. Treatment plots were warmed with infrared lamps for 4 days each in February, March, or February and March to simulate a midwinter thaw. Control plots for each treatment and an overall control were included for comparison. Trees warmed in February experienced a slight delay in spring budbreak, but differences in budbreak time were generally not significant. Terminal growth was significantly and negatively correlated with time of budbreak but not with time to growth cessation. Our results suggest that white spruce is relatively resilient to the effects of intermittent warming but that warming early in the season may delay budbreak time, which is expected to reduce terminal growth.

Frost Damage to White Spruce Buds

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Clements ◽  
J. W. Fraser ◽  
C. W. Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Understory Trees

Unopened buds of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were damaged by late spring frost. At time of death of the apical meristem the buds were not ready for flushing. As expected on the basis of ground frosts, there was more damage among shorter trees than among taller trees, and more damage among open-grown trees than among understory trees.

Climatic warming and its effect on bud burst and risk of frost damage to white spruce in Canada

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Frost Risk

Temperature data from ten weather stations across Canada were used to model the effects of climate warming on the timing of bud burst and the risk of frost damage to white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). There was evidence of increasingly earlier dates of bud break over the course of this century at half of the stations examined (Amos and Brome, Québec; Cochrane, Ontario; Fort Vermilion, Alberta; and Woodstock, New Brunswick), with the period 1981 to 1988 having the earliest predicted dates of bud burst (earliest degree day accumulation). Risk of frost damage at most stations in the 1980s was usually greater than in earlier periods. Weather data modelled for climate warming of 5 °C predicts that bud burst will occur two to four weeks sooner than was the case during 1961 to 1980 at all stations, but that this will generally be accompanied by decreased risk of frost after bud burst. However, while the expected trend is one of reduced frost risk in the future, as the climate gradually warms frost risk is expected to fluctuate upward or downward depending on interactions between provenance and local climate. Key words: bud burst, climate warming, dormancy, freezing damage, frost, global climate change, Picea glauca, white spruce

Effects of storage temperature on physiological characteristics of fall-lifted white spruce (Picea glauca) bareroot seedlings

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingfang Wang ◽  
Janusz J Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Bareroot Seedlings ◽  
Bud Flushing ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Fall-lifted white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) bareroot seedlings were winter stored at -2, -4, and -6°C. The electrolyte leakage and carbohydrate content were periodically measured in roots and shoots during storage. Water relations, gas exchange, bud flushing, and root growth potentials were measured after 4 and (or) 7 months of frozen storage. Shoots and roots of seedlings stored at -6°C had higher electrolyte leakage compared with those stored at -2 and -4°C. Sugar levels increased as a result of frozen storage and were higher in seedlings stored at -4 and -6°C compared with those at -2°C. Root total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) contents declined with storage duration in all storage temperatures. However, seedlings stored at -4 and -6°C maintained slightly higher root TNC than those stored at -2°C. Needle TNC in seedlings stored at -4 and -6°C did not change; however, it declined in seedlings stored at -2°C. Storage temperatures of -4 and -6°C also altered seedling water relations with seedlings stored at these temperatures having lower osmotic potentials at turgor loss point and at full hydration and less elastic cell walls compared with seedlings stored at -2°C. Lower storage temperatures decreased root growth potentials and delayed bud flushing following planting.

Vegetative phenology in a clonal seed orchard of Piceaglauca and Piceamariana in northwestern Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor O'Reilly ◽  
William H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Growth Cessation ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Qualitative Index ◽  
Vegetative Phenology

The vegetative phenology of Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss and P. mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. was determined in 1979 based on four ramets selected from each of 14 clones of each species located at a seed orchard in northern Ontario. The time of flushing of the leaders and four lateral branches was determined by a qualitative index of bud and shoot development; time of growth cessation was scored as the date at which 95% of shoot growth was complete. The flushing of the vegetative buds of white spruce lasted for a 10-day period compared with only 6 days for black spruce. Although the average date of flushing for white spruce clones was 9 days ahead of the average date for black spruce clones, the latest white spruce clone flushed only 3 days before the earliest black spruce clones. As well, degree-day requirements for flushing were significantly different for clones within each of the two species. These results suggest that the selection of late-flushing white spruce trees for seed orchard stock has the potential to decrease spring frost damage in this species in northern Ontario. Date of budbreak was not correlated with date of growth cessation for either white or black spruce; however, early-flushing clones of black spruce produced significantly greater leader extension than late-flushing clones.

scholarly journals Spring Frost Damage to Tea Plants Can Be Identified with Daily Minimum Air Temperatures Estimated by MODIS Land Surface Temperature Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177
Author(s):  
Peijuan Wang ◽  
Yuping Ma ◽  
Junxian Tang ◽  
Dingrong Wu ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most dominant economic plants in China and plays an important role in agricultural economic benefits. Spring tea is the most popular drink due to Chinese drinking habits. Although the global temperature is generally warming, spring frost damage (SFD) to tea plants still occurs from time to time, and severely restricts the production and quality of spring tea. Therefore, monitoring and evaluating the impact of SFD to tea plants in a timely and precise manner is a significant and urgent task for scientists and tea producers in China. The region designated as the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) in China is a major tea plantation area producing small tea leaves and low shrubs. This region was selected to study SFD to tea plants using meteorological observations and remotely sensed products. Comparative analysis between minimum air temperature (Tmin) and two MODIS nighttime land surface temperature (LST) products at six pixel-window scales was used to determine the best suitable product and spatial scale. Results showed that the LST nighttime product derived from MYD11A1 data at the 3 × 3 pixel window resolution was the best proxy for daily minimum air temperature. A Tmin estimation model was established using this dataset and digital elevation model (DEM) data, employing the standard lapse rate of air temperature with elevation. Model validation with 145,210 ground-based Tmin observations showed that the accuracy of estimated Tmin was acceptable with a relatively high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.841), low root mean square error (RMSE = 2.15 °C) and mean absolute error (MAE = 1.66 °C), and reasonable normalized RMSE (NRMSE = 25.4%) and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (EF = 0.12), with significantly improved consistency of LST and Tmin estimation. Based on the Tmin estimation model, three major cooling episodes recorded in the "Yearbook of Meteorological Disasters in China" in spring 2006 were accurately identified, and several highlighted regions in the first two cooling episodes were also precisely captured. This study confirmed that estimating Tmin based on MYD11A1 nighttime products and DEM is a useful method for monitoring and evaluating SFD to tea plants in the MLRYR. Furthermore, this method precisely identified the spatial characteristics and distribution of SFD and will therefore be helpful for taking effective preventative measures to mitigate the economic losses resulting from frost damage.

WHITE SPRUCE AND THE SPRUCE BUDWORM: DEFINING THE PHENOLOGICAL WINDOW OF SUSCEPTIBILITY

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Lawrence ◽  
William J. Mattson ◽  
Robert A. Haack
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Foliar Traits

AbstractSynchrony of insect and host tree phenologies has often been suggested as an important factor influencing the susceptibility of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and other hosts to the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We evaluated this hypothesis by caging several cohorts of spruce budworm larvae on three white spruce populations at different phenological stages of the host trees, and then comparing budworm performance with host phenology and variation of 13 foliar traits. The beginning of the phenological window of susceptibility in white spruce occurs several weeks prior to budbreak, and the end of the window is sharply defined by the end of shoot growth. Performance was high for the earliest budworm cohorts that we tested. These larvae began feeding 3–4 weeks prior to budbreak and completed their larval development prior to the end of shoot elongation. Optimal synchrony occurred when emergence preceded budbreak by about 2 weeks. Larval survival was greater than 60% for individuals starting development 1–3 weeks prior to budbreak, but decreased to less than 10% for those starting development 2 or more weeks after budbreak and thus completing development after shoot elongation ceased. High performance by the budworm was most strongly correlated with high levels of foliar nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, copper, sugars, and water and low levels of foliar calcium, phenolics, and toughness. These results suggest that advancing the usual phenological window of white spruce (i.e. advancing budbreak prior to larval emergence) or retarding budworm phenology can have a large negative effect on the spruce budworm’s population dynamics.

A new endoconidial black meristematic genus, Atramixtia, associated with declining white spruce and phylogenetically allied to a lineage of dothidealean conifer pathogens

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tsuneda ◽  
M.L. Davey ◽  
R.S. Currah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Natural Substrate ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Granular Matrix ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

An endoconidial, black meristematic taxon Atramixtia arboricola gen. et. sp. nov. (Dothideales) from the black subicula found on twigs of declining white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, in Alberta is described. It is morphologically distinguishable from other endoconidial taxa by the conidioma composed of clumps of endoconidial conidiogenous cells, scattered meristematically dividing cells, dematiaceous hyphae, abundant brown, granular matrix materials, and sometimes plant tissue. Endoconidia also occur in conidiogenous cellular clumps that are not organized into a conidioma but develop directly from stromatic cells on the bark. In culture, it forms similar endoconidial conidiomata and also a mycelial, blastic synanamorph that superficially resembles Hormonema . Atramixtia arboricola is a member of the Dothideales and shows phylogenetic affinities to a clade of conifer-stem and -needle pathogens, including Sydowia and Delphinella , although no teleomorph was found either on the natural substrate or in culture. It has not been determined whether A. arboricola is pathogenic to its host, but the occurrence of abundant intracellular hyphae in the host periderm suggests that the fungus is at least parasitic.

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