Role of enzymes in soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayarmaa J ◽  
Purev D
Keyword(s):  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Enzymes are an integral part of the soil and their activity is closely related to the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Human activities, intensive agriculture, changes in ecosystem, environmental pollution have a great influence on the activity of soil enzymes. Depending on the origin soil enzymes are indicators for accessing the condition of the soil for short and long period of time. Almost all anthropogenic and environmental factors affecting the physical and chemical properties of the soil are studied for this purpose, but enzymes in the soil are the most sensitive to these changes. So it is a time to the study of the enzymes in the soil.

Limitations to growth and yield of cereal and lupin crops on duplex soils

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Belford ◽  
M Dracup ◽  
D Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Variable Permeability ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The combination of soil physical and chemical properties in duplex soils can depress crop growth and yield, and cause considerable variability in yield within a paddock and from year to year. At an intensively monitored site at East Beverley, Western Australia, the sandy A horizon was found to be nutrient deficient, low in pH, and contained hard layers which impeded root growth. The clayey B horizon had a higher pH, and variable permeability which influenced waterlogging in winter, and root growth and water availability from the subsoil in spring. Growth of wheat and lupin crops reflected response to these stresses. Wheat yields in particular were very variable (0.7-4.2 t/ha in 1988), and as all components of yield were affected, this suggests that the crop in low yielding areas experienced stress throughout the growing season. Lupin yields varied more widely from year to year than wheat yields, but were less variable within a year, possibly because of a more limited exploration of the subsoil by roots. Treatments to overcome the chemical constraints to growth raised yields and reduced variability; wheat and lupin yields were increased by about 25% after application of potassium, and wheat yields increased by about 10% after application of lime. Ripping lowered soil strength in the A horizon, but had little effect on yield, suggesting that the subsoil plays a larger role in determining yield on this soil. Attempts to improve the permeability of the subsoil using gypsum were inconclusive in the year of application. Similar physical and chemical problems have been identified on other duplex soils throughout Australia. Responses to ameliorative treatments have been variable, and there have often been interactions between treatments. Further improvements in yield on these difficult soils requires a better understanding of the interaction of soil physical, chemical and biological properties, and their interactions with crop physiology.

Transportation pathways of pesticides in two major watersheds of Istanbul, Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yazgan ◽  
A. Tanik
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Annual Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The study covers the investigation of pesticides in terms of consumption, toxicological classification and various intrinsic physical and chemical properties like DT50, KOC, GUS, solubility that describe the important mechanisms prevailing in soil, namely persistence and mobility. These mechanisms help to estimate the transportation pathways of pesticides on soil till they reach the receiving water after being applied on land. Classification is done in three groups, those likely to appear in surface flow, those that appear in groundwater and those that present transient conditions. Such an approach that also takes into account toxicological levels and annual consumption values of pesticides will act as a tool to prepare the priority list of pesticides that need special care during their transportation. The fate of pesticides is a difficult task to solve, however, such a methodology, puts forth a rough estimate on their behavior in spite of uncertainties in many of the parameters describing mechanisms like persistence and mobility. The agricultural areas of two watersheds of Istanbul are selected as target areas to describe the approach, which is also checked with another approach estimating pesticide pollution potential that considers various other properties of pesticides. Almost similar findings are depicted with 85% proximity. The methodology presented in the paper illustrates and emphasizes the significant role of pesticide properties in determining their fate in soil after being applied.

scholarly journals ROLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DENTAL SCIENCES: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramakoteswara Rao N ◽  
Kranthi kiran Reddy E ◽  
Leena Gahane ◽  
SV Ranganayakulu
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
New Science ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Nano Science ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Nano technology is the multi disciplinary science and technology, which has emerged as new science exploiting specific phenomena and direct manipulation of materials on nanoscale. Nanotechnology deals with the physical, chemical, and biological properties of structures and their parts at nanoscale dimensions. It's established on the concept by creating functional structures by controlling corpuscles and molecules on a one-by-one basis by different physical and chemical synthesis methods. Developments in materials science and, nano biotechnology is especially forestalled to provide elevates in dental sciences and initiations in oral health-related diagnostic and therapeutical methods. Keywords: Nano Science, dentistry, Nanocomposite, Nanorobots, Nanomaterials.

scholarly journals [NO TITLE AVAILABLE]

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-628
Author(s):  
Grazielle Gebrim Santos ◽  
Mara Reis Silva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Replacers ◽  
Sugar Substitutes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The effect of replacing shortening and sugar on the physical and chemical properties of mangaba ice cream and its acceptability were evaluated. Ice cream formulations were tested with the following fat replacers: Selecta Light, Litesse, and Dairy Lo and the following sugar substitutes: Lactitol and Splenda. All formulations were subjected to physical, chemical, and microbiological analyses and evaluated by acceptability tests. In the sensory analysis, it was observed a larger acceptance of the formulations containing Selecta Light (SL) and the combination of Litesse, Lactiol, and Splenda (LLS). The largest reduction in total energetic value (50%) was observed in the formulation LLS. The use of fat and/or sugar substitutes caused a reduction in the air incorporation (overrun) and affected viscosity. The highest melting speed was observed in the formulation with Dairy-Lo, Lactitol, and Splenda. All formulations showed good levels of global acceptability and appearance. The substitution of shortening for fat replacers caused a reduction in air incorporation and changes in ice-cream viscosity. The low-fat mangaba ice-cream elaborated with Selecta Light was the best formulation in terms of viscosity and air incorporation when compared with the control. It also showed a good level of acceptability and low fat content.

scholarly journals Structure Determination of C23H19N4OBr from Synchrotron Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C141-C141
Author(s):  
Ozen Ozgen ◽  
Engin Kendi ◽  
Semra Koyunoglu ◽  
Akgul Yesilada ◽  
Hwo-Shuenn Sheu
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Radiation Research ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A significant part of medicine is based on the discovery and development of drugs. It is very important to know the crystal structure of pharmaceutical compounds for fundamental understanding of structure, physical and chemical properties. Many of these materials are available only as powders. So any structural information must be obtained from powder diffraction. I am going to present following the stages while solving the structure of C23H19N4OBr, 2-[3-phenyl-4(m-bromophenyl)-2-pyrazolin-1-yl]-3-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone, from 2-pyrazolines derivatives. The compounds are known to display various biological properties such as fungicidal insecticidal, anti bacterial, anti viral activities, pharmacological properties such as antiinflammatory agents and have industral properties(1). The powder diffraction data was collected with Debye Scherrer camera at the BL01C2 beamline at room temperature in National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center(NSRRC), Taiwan. X-ray of wavelength was 1.0333Å. This compound crystallizes in orthorhombic system space group P bca, Z=8, unit cell parameters of a=25.83(1)Å, b=15.55(5)Å, c=10.63(3)Å, and V=4266.0(10)Å3. Reliability factors were reached Rwp=0.075, Rp=0.053, RB=0.086 ve S=1.31 after Rietveld refinement.

Basic Performance Research of Polymer Intercalation Clay

2012 ◽  
Vol 578 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Xiao Chun Cao ◽  
Yi Qin ◽  
Yan Na Zhao ◽  
Kun Ke
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Polymer Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Performance Research ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Using the preliminary research of the polymer properties, the different between the physical and chemical properties of new polymer-clays nanometer composites and clay have been studied. Different polymers are used to evaluate experiment. Based on a large number of lab experiments, the changes of rheological property and API filtration property of polymer-clay drilling fluids nanometer composites are studied. The results show that clay particles could become smaller and the composites drilling fluid have the role of controlling loss and enhancing cake quality. The prepared composites could be used to solve the technical problems in drilling fluid.

Role of lattice defects in catalytic activities of graphene clusters for fuel cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (26) ◽  
pp. 16733-16743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lipeng Zhang ◽  
Quan Xu ◽  
Jianbing Niu ◽  
Zhenhai Xia
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Lattice Defects ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Defects are common but important in graphene, which could significantly tailor the electronic structures and physical and chemical properties.

scholarly journals Insight into Erythrina Lectins: Properties, Structure and Proposed Physiological Significance

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makarim Elfadil M. Osman ◽  
Emadeldin Hassan E. Konozy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Significance ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Coral Tree ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The genus Erythrina, collectively known as “coral tree”, are pantropical plants, comprising of more than 112 species. Since the early 1980s, seven of these have been found to possess hemagglutinating activity, although not yet characterized. However, around two dozen galactose-binding lectins have been isolated and fully characterized with respect to their sugar specificity, glycoconjugates agglutination, dependence of activity on metal ions, primary and secondary structures and stability. Three lectins have been fully sequenced and the crystal structures of the two proteins have been solved with and without the haptenic sugar. Lectins isolation and characterization from most of these species usually originated from the seeds, although the proteins from other vegetative tissues have also been reported. The main objective of this review is to summarize the physicochemical and biological properties of the reported purified Erythrina lectins to date. Structural comparisons, based on available lectins sequences, are also made to relate the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of these proteins. Particular attention is also given to the proposed biological significance of the lectins from the genus Erythrina.

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