Control Measures for Air Pollutant Emissions from In-Use Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles Regarding their Emission Control Technologies

This study analyzed the effectiveness of temporary emission control measures on air quality of Nanjing, China during the Jiangsu Development Summit (JDS). We employed a regional chemistry model WRF-Chem to simulate air pollutants in Nanjing and compared the results to surface observations and satellite retrievals. During the JDS, air pollutant emissions from industry and transportation sectors largely decreased by 50–67% due to the short-term emission control measures such as reducing coal combustions, shutting down factories, and partially limiting traffic. Benefiting from the emission control, the simulated concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO and VOCs in Nanjing decreased by 17%, 20%, 20%, 19%, and 15% respectively, consistent with the surface and satellite observations. However, both the observed and simulated O3 increased by 3–48% during the JDS, which was mainly due to the remarkable NOx emission reduction (26%) in the downtown of Nanjing where the O3 production regime was mainly VOC-controlled. In addition, the atmospheric oxidation capacity and further the sulfur oxidation ratio, were facilitated by the elevated O3, which led to variable mitigation efficiencies of different secondary PM2.5 compositions. Our study offers an opportunity for understanding the coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 in typical city clusters, and can provide implications for future mitigation actions.

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The effects of energy paths and emission controls and standards on future trends in China's emissions of primary air pollutants

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-14-8849-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (17) ◽

pp. 8849-8868 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Y. Zhao ◽

J. Zhang ◽

C. P. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Emission Control ◽

Pollution Prevention ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽

Emission Controls ◽

Control Devices ◽

Anthropogenic Pollutant

Abstract. To examine the efficacy of China's actions to control atmospheric pollution, three levels of growth of energy consumption and three levels of implementation of emission controls are estimated, generating a total of nine combined activity-emission control scenarios that are then used to estimate trends of national emissions of primary air pollutants through 2030. The emission control strategies are expected to have more effects than the energy paths on the future emission trends for all the concerned pollutants. As recently promulgated national action plans of air pollution prevention and control (NAPAPPC) are implemented, China's anthropogenic pollutant emissions should decline. For example, the emissions of SO2, NOx, total suspended particles (TSP), PM10, and PM2.5 are estimated to decline 7, 20, 41, 34, and 31% from 2010 to 2030, respectively, in the "best guess" scenario that includes national commitment of energy saving policy and implementation of NAPAPPC. Should the issued/proposed emission standards be fully achieved, a less likely scenario, annual emissions would be further reduced, ranging from 17 (for primary PM2.5) to 29% (for NOx) declines in 2015, and the analogue numbers would be 12 and 24% in 2030. The uncertainties of emission projections result mainly from the uncertain operational conditions of swiftly proliferating air pollutant control devices and lack of detailed information about emission control plans by region. The predicted emission trends by sector and chemical species raise concerns about current pollution control strategies: the potential for emissions abatement in key sectors may be declining due to the near saturation of emission control devices use; risks of ecosystem acidification could rise because emissions of alkaline base cations may be declining faster than those of SO2; and radiative forcing could rise because emissions of positive-forcing carbonaceous aerosols may decline more slowly than those of SO2 emissions and thereby concentrations of negative-forcing sulfate particles. Expanded control of emissions of fine particles and carbonaceous aerosols from small industrial and residential sources is recommended, and a more comprehensive emission control strategy targeting a wider range of pollutants (volatile organic compounds, NH3 and CO, etc.) and taking account of more diverse environmental impacts is also urgently needed.

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Carbon and air pollutant emissions from China's cement industry 1990–2015: trends, evolution of technologies and drivers

10.5194/acp-2020-631 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jun Liu ◽

Dan Tong ◽

Yixuan Zheng ◽

Jing Cheng ◽

Xinying Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Large Scale ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Climate Mitigation ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Cement Production ◽

Control Technologies

Abstract. China is the largest cement producer and consumer in the world. Cement manufacturing is highly energy-intensive, and is one of the major contributors to carbon dioxide (CO2) and air pollutant emissions, which threatens climate mitigation and air quality improvement. In this study, we investigated the decadal changes of carbon dioxide and air pollutant emissions for the period of 1990–2015, based on intensive unit-based information on activity rates, production capacity, operation status, and control technologies, which improved the accuracy of the cement emissions in China. We found that, from 1990 to 2015, accompanied by a 10.9-fold increase in cement production, CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions from China's cement industry increased by 626 %, 59 %, and 658 %, whereas CO, PM2.5 and PM10 emissions decreased by 9 %, 66 %, and 63 %, respectively. In the 1990s, driven by the rapid growth of cement production, CO2 and air pollutant emissions increased constantly. Then, the production technology innovation of replacing traditional shaft kilns with the new precalciner kilns in the 2000s markedly reduced SO2, CO and PM emissions from the cement industry. Since 2010, the growing trend of emissions has been further curbed by a combination of measures, including promoting large-scale precalciner production lines and phasing out small ones, upgrading emission standards, installing low-NOx burners (LNB) and selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) to reduce NOx emissions, as well as adopting more advanced particulate matter control technologies. Our study highlighted the effectiveness of advanced technologies on air pollutant emission control, however, CO2 emissions from China's cement industry kept growing throughout the period, posing challenges to future carbon emission mitigation in China.

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Impact of Control Measures on Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Dioxide and Particulate Matter Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants in Anhui Province, China

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10010035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Haitao Dai ◽

Dawei Ma ◽

Renbin Zhu ◽

Bowen Sun ◽

Jun He

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Nitrogen Oxides ◽

River Basin ◽

Power Plants ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Control Measures ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Huai River ◽

The Impact

Anhui is one of the highest provincial emitters of air pollutants in China due to its large coal consumption in coal-fired plants. In this study, the total emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM) from coal-fired power plants in Anhui were investigated to assess the impact of control measures on the atmospheric emissions based upon continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS). The total NOx, SO2 and PM emissions significantly decreased from 2013 to 2017 and they were estimated at 24.5 kt, 14.8 kt and 3.0 kt in 2017, respectively. The emission reductions of approximately 79.0%, 70.1% and 81.2% were achieved in 2017 compared with a 2013 baseline, respectively, due to the application of high-efficiency emission control measures, including the desulfurization, denitration and dust-removing devices and selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The NOx, SO2 and PM emission intensities were 0.125 g kWh−1, 0.076 g kWh−1 and 0.015 g kWh−1 in 2017, respectively, which were lower than the average of national coal-fired units. The coal-fired units with ≥600 MW generated 80.6% of the total electricity amount while they were estimated to account for 70.5% of total NOx, 70.1% of total SO2 and 71.9% of total PM. Their seasonal emissions showed a significant correlation to the power generation with the maximum correlation found in summer (July and August) and winter (January and December). The major regional contributors are the cities along the Huai River Basin and Yangtze River Basin, such as Huainan, Huaibei, Tongling, Maanshan and Wuhu, and the highest emission occurred in Huainan, accounting for approximately 26–40% of total emission from all the power plants. Our results indicated that the application of desulfurization, denitration and dust-removing devices has played an important role in controlling air pollutant emissions from coal-fired power plants.

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The effects of energy paths and emission controls and standards on future trends in China's emissions of primary air pollutants

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-14-7917-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 7917-7963

Author(s):

Y. Zhao ◽

J. Zhang ◽

C. P. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Emission Control ◽

Pollution Prevention ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽

Emission Controls ◽

Control Devices ◽

Anthropogenic Pollutant

Abstract. To examine the efficacy of China's actions to control atmospheric pollution, three levels of growth of energy consumption and three levels of implementation of emission controls are estimated, generating a total of nine combined activity-emission control scenarios that are then used to estimate trends of national emissions of primary air pollutants through 2030. The emission control strategies are expected to have more effects than the energy paths on the future emission trends for all the concerned pollutants. As recently promulgated national action plans of air pollution prevention and control (NAPAPPC) are implemented, China's anthropogenic pollutant emissions should decline. For example, the emissions of SO2, NOx, total primary particulate matter (PM), PM10, and PM2.5 are estimated to decline 7%, 20%, 41%, 34%, and 31% from 2010 to 2030, respectively, in the "best guess" scenario that includes national commitment of energy saving policy and partial implementation of NAPAPPC. Should the issued/proposed emission standards be fully achieved, a less likely scenario, annual emissions would be further reduced, ranging from 17% (for primary PM2.5) to 29% (for NOx) declines in 2015, and the analogue numbers would be 12% and 24% in 2030. The uncertainties of emission projections result mainly from the uncertain operational conditions of swiftly proliferating air pollutant control devices and lack of detailed information about emission control plans by region. The predicted emission trends by sector and chemical species raise concerns about current pollution control strategies: the potential for emissions abatement in key sectors may be declining due to the near saturation of emission control devices use; risks of ecosystem acidification could rise because emissions of alkaline base cations may be declining faster than those of SO2; and radiative forcing could rise because emissions of positive-forcing carbonaceous aerosols may decline more slowly than those of SO2 emissions and thereby concentrations of negative-forcing sulfate particles. Expanded control of emissions of fine particles and carbonaceous aerosols from small industrial and residential sources is recommended, and a more comprehensive emission control strategy targeting a wider range of pollutants and taking account of more diverse environmental impacts is also urgently needed.

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Identification of Key Factors to Reduce Transport-Related Air Pollutants and CO2 Emissions in Asia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12187621 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 7621

Author(s):

Shuanghui Bao ◽

Osamu Nishiura ◽

Shinichiro Fujimori ◽

Ken Oshiro ◽

Runsen Zhang

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Public Transportation ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Transport Model ◽

Emission Control ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Carbon Pricing

Asian countries are major contributors to global air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, with transportation demand and emissions expected to increase. However, few studies have been performed to evaluate policies that could reduce transport-related emissions in the region. This study explores transport-related CO2 and air pollutant emissions in major Asian nations along with the impacts of transport, climate, and emission control policies using the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM)/Transport model. Our results show that by 2050, CO2 emissions in developing countries will be 1.4–4.7-fold greater than the levels in 2005, while most air pollutant emissions will show large reductions (mean annual reduction rates of 0.2% to 6.1%). Notably, implementation of transport, emission control, and carbon pricing policies would reduce CO2 emissions by up to 33% and other air pollutants by 43% to 72%, depending on the emission species. An emission control policy represents the strongest approach for short-term and mid-term reduction of air pollutants. A carbon pricing policy would lead to a direct reduction in CO2 emissions; more importantly, air pollutant emissions would also be effectively reduced. Shifting to public transportation in developing countries can also greatly influence emissions reductions. An increase in traffic speed shows relatively small effects, but can be meaningful in Japan.

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Characterization of Particle Bound Organic Carbon from Diesel Vehicles Equipped with Advanced Emission Control Technologies

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es8030825 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 43 (13) ◽

pp. 4679-4686 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Payam Pakbin ◽

Zhi Ning ◽

James J. Schauer ◽

Constantinos Sioutas

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Emission Control ◽

Diesel Vehicles ◽

Control Technologies

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Impact of regulated pollutant emissions of Euro 6d-Temp light-duty diesel vehicles under real driving conditions

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124927 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 124927 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reyes García-Contreras ◽

José A. Soriano ◽

Pablo Fernández-Yáñez ◽

Luis Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽

Carmen Mata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Diesel Vehicles ◽

Light Duty ◽

Driving Conditions

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Progress on Denitration and Desulfuration Technologies for Marine Diesel Engines

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.51 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 713-715 ◽

pp. 51-56

Author(s):

Ya Qiong Liu ◽

Jia Zhen Du ◽

Pi Qiang Tan ◽

Ai Min Du

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Emission Control ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Formation Mechanisms ◽

Emission Regulations ◽

Marine Diesel ◽

Practical Performance ◽

Control Technologies ◽

Future Technologies

Exhaust emission regulations issued by International Maritime Organization (IMO) for marine diesel engines are given and formation mechanisms for several pollutant emissions are introduced. Main denitration and desulfuration technologies for reducing NOx and SOx emissions are seperately summarized. In addition, working mechanism of different emission control technologies and their applications on marine diesel engines are introduced. These different emission control technologies are analyzed by evaluating conversion efficiency, economy and practical performance, and existed problems and future technologies are given. A Combination of different denitration and desulfuration technologies is a inevitable trend for emission reduction of marine diesel engines.

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Attributions of meteorological and emission factors to the 2015 winter severe haze pollution episodes in China's Jing-Jin-Ji area

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-17-2971-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 2971-2980 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Tingting Liu ◽

Sunling Gong ◽

Jianjun He ◽

Meng Yu ◽

Qifeng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Emission Control ◽

Northern China ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Control Measures ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

Emission Data ◽

Haze Pollution ◽

Stable Conditions ◽

Emission Control Measures

Abstract. In the 2015 winter month of December, northern China witnessed the most severe air pollution phenomena since the 2013 winter haze events occurred. This triggered the first-ever red alert in the air pollution control history of Beijing, with an instantaneous fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) concentration over 1 mg m−3. Air quality observations reveal large temporal–spatial variations in PM2. 5 concentrations over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) area between 2014 and 2015. Compared to 2014, the PM2. 5 concentrations over the area decreased significantly in all months except November and December of 2015, with an increase of 36 % in December. Analysis shows that the PM2. 5 concentrations are significantly correlated with the local meteorological parameters in the Jing-Jin-Ji area such as the stable conditions, relative humidity (RH), and wind field. A comparison of two month simulations (December 2014 and 2015) with the same emission data was performed to explore and quantify the meteorological impacts on the PM2. 5 over the Jing-Jin-Ji area. Observation and modeling results show that the worsening meteorological conditions are the main reasons behind this unusual increase of air pollutant concentrations and that the emission control measures taken during this period of time have contributed to mitigate the air pollution ( ∼  9 %) in the region. This work provides a scientific insight into the emission control measures vs. the meteorology impacts for the period.

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