scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemisi Öncesinde Coronaviridae Ailesi Pozitifliğinin ve Mevsimsel Dağılımının Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi (2016-2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
Meryem Çolak ◽  
Anıl Aktaş Tapısız ◽  
Özlem Güzel Tunçcan ◽  
Gülendam Bozdayı
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Introduction: Coronaviruses are the agents of viral respiratory infections and cause severe respiratory infections, especially in the elderly, those with chronic disease and immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to determine the positive and common types of Coronaviridae family in patients admitted to our hospital in the four-year period before the COVID 19 pandemic (2016-2020) and to investigate the distribution of coronavirus positivity by age groups, months, seasons and years. Materials and Methods: Between February 2016 and January 2020, clinical samples of 1164 female (45%) and 1428 (55%) male patients were sent to the molecular virology laboratory from the various clinics of Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine Hospital due to symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection. Coronaviridae family positivity was investigated retrospectively in clinical samples of 2592 patients aged 0-101 years. Nucleic acid extraction from the clinical samples was performed with the ‘EZ1 Virus Mini Kit’. For viral DNA amplification, it was performed by multiplex Real-Time PCR method using ‘FTD Respiratory Pathogen 21’ test. Statistical analysis of the distribution of coronavirus positivity by age groups, months, seasons and years was done by SPSS 20.0 computer program. Results: Two hundred and twenty-nine (8.8%) of the clinical samples were found to be positive for any Coronavirus type. The most common type of Coronavirus was found to be CoV-229E with 52% (119/229). The distribution of other coronavirus types including CoV-HKU1, CoV-OC43 and CoV-NL63 was determined as 19.2% (44/229), 17.4% (40/229) and 14% (32/229) respectively, and the most common type of Coronavirus changed from year to year. Single Coronavirus positivity was found to be 48.1%, its association with other viruses was 51.9%. The highest coinfection of Coronavirus was found in Rhinovirus (35.3%) and influenza A virus (19.3%). Patients over 60 years of age were found to have a higher rate (30.6%) positivity compared to other age groups (p< 0.05). The highest rate of Coronavirus positivity was observed in January (17.4%) and the lowest rate in June (1.7%). It was observed that the highest rate of positivity (44.2%) was in winter and the lowest rate (8.2%) was in summer (p< 0.05). Coronaviruses were found to be detected at higher rates in winter with seasonal variation (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Since it is not possible to diagnose viral respiratory tract infections based on clinical findings, viral respiratory panel and Multiplex real time PCR test is a fast and useful method in routine diagnosis for early diagnosis and treatment and to prevent unnecessary use of antibiotics. Coronaviridae family positivity is seen in patients over 60 years of age and in seasonal variation, with higher rates in winter.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the prevalence and seasonality of human parainfluenza virus over five year period in pediatric patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Meryem Colak ◽  
Selin Yigit ◽  
Anil Tapisiz ◽  
Hager Muftah ◽  
Kenan Yuce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: Human Parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) cause respiratory tract infections, and the second most common cause of acute respiratory illness-related hospitalizations after the respiratory syncytial virus in children <5 years of age. The aim of the study; determination of HPIVs positivity and common types in pediatric patients with respiratory tract infection; investigation the distribution of HPIV positivity by age groups, months and seasons, respectively. Material and Method: HPIV results of 1613 pediatric patients who were sent to the molecular virology laboratory from various pediatric clinics of Gazi Hospital between March 2016 and February 2021 (five years period) were investigated. Nucleic acid isolation was performed on the EZ1 Advanced (Qiagen, Germany) device using the EZ1 Virus Mini Kit by the manufacturer's protocol. Results: HPIV positivity was detected as 4.1% in clinical samples and, the most common HPIV type was found to be HPIV-3 (55%). The distribution of other HPIV types were; HPIV-2, HPIV-4 and HPIV-1 with 26%, 23% and 14%, respectively. HPIV-3 is the most common type in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019; however, HPIV-1 is the most common type in 2020. HPIVs co-infection was detected with other respiratory tract viruses in 51% of samples. The highest HPIV co-infection was detected in Rhinovirus. The highest HPIV positivity rate (45%) were determined in the 0-2 age group compared to other age groups (p<0.05). The highest positivity rate was in October in the autumn season (p<0.05), the lowest was in January and February in winter. The highest rate (8.1%) of HPIV positivity was found in 2016 and the lowest rate (0.7%) was in 2020. Conclusions: Since it is not possible to diagnose viral etiology of respiratory tract infections based on clinical findings, viral respiratory tract panel and Multiplex real-time PCR test are a fast and useful method in early diagnosis, treatment decision and prevention of unnecessary antibiotic use. HPIVs positivity is seen at higher rates in children aged 0-2 and in autumn months with seasonal differences.

scholarly journals Identification of the respiratory tract infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by TaqMan real-time PCR

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Sabah Saad Abdulsahib
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant human pathogenic bacterium that is endemic within hospitals around the world. The identification and inspection of MRSA in clinical samples is quite helpful both in advising individual patients about the required care and in tracking these species. The goal of this study was to present a modern, faster, and more accurate diagnostic technique to operate on the real-time duplex PCR applicable to S. aureus/MRSA monitoring in Iraqi patients. For this reason, the S. aureus-specific nuc gene sequence and the mecA gene sequence were checked simultaneously. To estimate the assay efficiency, a set of six target strains, 34 non-target strains, and 296 clinical specimens were used. The findings obtained from the diagnosis of a total of 296 isolates based on phenotypic characteristics and biochemical tests showed that 146 (49.32%) were classified as individuals with respiratory tract infections of S. aureus with a total male to female ratio of 1.47, and 142 isolates demonstrated methicillin resistance. 142 MRSA isolates were investigated in the molecular analysis, all MRSA isolates had positive results for the nuc gene and 138 isolates were positive for the mecA gene. The current real-time PCR assay has 97% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 98% accuracy. Running title: Identification of the MRSA by real time PCR

scholarly journals Hospital-Acquired Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in the Neonatal Unit: A Comparison with Other Inpatient Groups

Neonatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-516
Author(s):  
Chiara Taylor ◽  
Shin Tan ◽  
Rebecca McClaughry ◽  
Don Sharkey
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Viral Respiratory

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Hospital-acquired viral respiratory tract infections (VRTIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal patients. This includes escalation of respiratory support, increased length of hospital stay, and need for home oxygen, as well as higher healthcare costs. To date, no studies have compared population rates of VRTIs across age groups. <b><i>Aim:</i></b> Quantify the rates of hospital-acquired VRTIs in our neonatal population compared with other inpatient age groups in Nottinghamshire, UK. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We compared all hospital inpatient PCR-positive viral respiratory samples between 2007 and 2013 and calculated age-stratified rates based on population estimates. <b><i>Results:</i></b> From a population of 4,707,217, we identified a previously unrecognised burden of VRTI in neonatal patients, only second to the 0–1-year-old group. Although only accounting for 1.3% of the population, half of the infections were in infants &#x3c;1 year old and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. Human rhinovirus was the most dominant virus across the inpatient group, particularly in neonatal patients. Despite a two- to three-fold increase in the rate of positive samples in all groups during the colder months (1.1/1,000 October–March vs. 0.4/1,000 April–September), rates in the NICU did not change throughout the year at 4.3/1,000. Pandemic H1N1 influenza rates were 20 times higher in neonatal patients and infants &#x3c;1 year old. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Good epidemiological and interventional data are needed to help inform visiting and infection control policies to reduce transmission of hospital-acquired viral infections to this vulnerable population, particularly during pandemic seasons.

scholarly journals The prevalence of enteroviruses that cause respiratory infections in patients with influenzavirus A/H1N1 hospitalized in the Lublin province

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-201
Author(s):  
Adrian Jarzynski ◽  
Agata Dubas ◽  
Malgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

ABSTRACT Viruses that cause respiratory tract infections are the most common agents of infectious diseases in humans throughout the world. A virus that infects the respiratory system, may induce various clinical symptoms. What is more, the same symptoms may be caused by different viruses. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of enteroviruses that cause respiratory infections in patients with influenzavirus A/H1N1 hospitalized in the Lublin province. The experimental material was throat and nose swabs taken from patients hospitalized in Lublin and Tomaszow Lubelski. In the group of 44 patients (20 women and 24 men) infected with influenza A/H1N1, the genetic material of enteroviruses was detected in 13 patients (29.5%). Respiratory viruses co-infections are very common in hospitalized patients. Studies show that co-infection with influenza virus and enterovirus are more common in children than in adults. Moreover, viral respiratory tract infections are independent from the patients’ gender.

scholarly journals Molecular typing of human adenoviruses among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections in a tertiary Hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2017 and 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinye Wang ◽  
Dawei Wang ◽  
Sajid Umar ◽  
Sheng Qin ◽  
Qiong Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Human Adenoviruses ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Human Adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide array of illnesses in all age groups. They particularly cause frequent morbidity among children. In China, human adenovirus types 3, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, and 55 have caused at least seven outbreaks since 2000. However, limited studies are available regarding the epidemiological patterns and diversity of HAdVs types among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Methods To understand the epidemiology and subtype distribution of HAdV infections associated with RTIs in China, nasal swab (NS) clinical samples were collected from 4129 patients in a Guangzhou hospital between August 2017 and October 2019. PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed on these specimens to identify HAdV subtypes. Results HAdV was successfully sequenced in 99 (2.4%) of the 4129 NS specimens, with the highest HAdV prevalence (6.3%) found in children between the ages of 5 and 10 years. Among HAdV-positive specimens, the most prevalent genotypes identified were HAdV-B3 (55.6%) and HAdV-B7 (25.3%). The most common symptoms in the HAdV-infected patients were fever (100%), cough (80.8%), and rhinorrhea (71.8%). HAdV infections were detected throughout the year with a relatively higher prevalence in summer. Conclusion All ages suffer adenovirus infections, but young children are at the greatest risk. This study data demonstrates that at least three species of HAdVs (species B, C, and E) are circulating in Guangzhou City, China. As antiviral therapies and type-specific vaccines become available, such epidemiological data will be useful in guiding therapy and public health interventions.

scholarly journals Multiplex Real-Time PCR Detection of Respiratory Viruses in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2821-2829
Author(s):  
Zetti Zainol Rashid ◽  
Pei Chuan Lee ◽  
Umi Kalsom Ali ◽  
Mustaqillah Najihan Abdul Samat ◽  
Swee Fong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Pcr Detection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

First report on equine herpesvirus type 4 isolation in Poland – evaluation of diagnostic tools

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-500
Author(s):  
G. Ploszay ◽  
J. Rola ◽  
M. Larska ◽  
J.F. Zmudzinski
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Upper respiratory tract infections are still a serious problem in breeding and racing horses. The most common virological factors are EHV1 and EHV4, which are both a major cause of secondary infections. High EHV4 seroprevalence in Polish horses indicates a high transmission rate of this pathogen among horses and increases the need for proper diagnostics. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable laboratory diagnostic scheme for upper respiratory tract infections and to describe the first isolation of EHV4 in Poland. Twenty one nasal swabs collected from young horses under the age of 2 years showing clinical signs of equine rhinopneumonitis were tested with duplex PCR for simultaneous detection and differentiation between EHV1/EHV4. Positive samples were then subjected to virus isolation in Vero cells. Additionally, real-time PCR was developed which allowed viral copy numbers to be quantified and enabled defining that a DNA load below 103 copies per 1 ml of the sample reflected latent infection or decline of the disease. However, the sensitivity of traditional PCR proved to be sufficient in the diagnostic of the lytic infections and allowed identification of 10 EHV4 infected horses from which 3 strains were successfully isolated in cell culture. Another four EHV4 positive results were obtained by real-time PCR; but, a high Ct (threshold cycle) and a low virus DNA copy number suggested a latent infection. This report describes the first successful isolation of EHV4 from Polish horses.

scholarly journals The relationship between air quality and respiratory pathogens among children in Suzhou City

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Zhang ◽  
Yuqin Li ◽  
Qiu Chen ◽  
Yanqun Jiang ◽  
Chu Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Suzhou City ◽  
Air Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Objective We studied the short-term effects of air pollutant concentrations in Suzhou City on respiratory infections in children of different age groups. Methods We employed clinical data from children hospitalized with respiratory infections at the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University during 2014–2016, and air quality for Suzhou City covering the same period.We investigated the relationships between the air pollutant concentrations and respiratory tract infections in children by causative pathogen using time series models with lagged effects. Results The results of single-pollutant models showed that PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO had statistically significant associations with respiratory tract infections in children under 3 years, with the largest effect sizes at a lag of 3 weeks. Notably, the multi-pollutant model found PM2.5 was significantly associated with viral respiratory in children under 7 months, and bacterial respiratory infections in other age groups, while PM10 concentrations were associated with viral infections in preschool children. Conclusion PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 are the main atmospheric pollutants in Suzhou. The associations between pollutant concentrations and viral and bacterial respiratory infections were stronger among children under 3 years than for older age group.s PM2.5 had the strongest influence on viral and Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infections when multiple pollutants were tested together.

Wheezing Associated With Respiratory Tract Infections In Children

1966 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 586-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine L. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

This paper reviews the known relation ships of common acute bacterial and viral respiratory infections to the asth matic state and to wheezing attacks in children. Implications for treatment are discussed in view of what has already been learned and what we need to know.

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