scholarly journals Evaluation of the prevalence and seasonality of human parainfluenza virus over five year period in pediatric patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Meryem Colak ◽  
Selin Yigit ◽  
Anil Tapisiz ◽  
Hager Muftah ◽  
Kenan Yuce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: Human Parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) cause respiratory tract infections, and the second most common cause of acute respiratory illness-related hospitalizations after the respiratory syncytial virus in children <5 years of age. The aim of the study; determination of HPIVs positivity and common types in pediatric patients with respiratory tract infection; investigation the distribution of HPIV positivity by age groups, months and seasons, respectively. Material and Method: HPIV results of 1613 pediatric patients who were sent to the molecular virology laboratory from various pediatric clinics of Gazi Hospital between March 2016 and February 2021 (five years period) were investigated. Nucleic acid isolation was performed on the EZ1 Advanced (Qiagen, Germany) device using the EZ1 Virus Mini Kit by the manufacturer's protocol. Results: HPIV positivity was detected as 4.1% in clinical samples and, the most common HPIV type was found to be HPIV-3 (55%). The distribution of other HPIV types were; HPIV-2, HPIV-4 and HPIV-1 with 26%, 23% and 14%, respectively. HPIV-3 is the most common type in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019; however, HPIV-1 is the most common type in 2020. HPIVs co-infection was detected with other respiratory tract viruses in 51% of samples. The highest HPIV co-infection was detected in Rhinovirus. The highest HPIV positivity rate (45%) were determined in the 0-2 age group compared to other age groups (p<0.05). The highest positivity rate was in October in the autumn season (p<0.05), the lowest was in January and February in winter. The highest rate (8.1%) of HPIV positivity was found in 2016 and the lowest rate (0.7%) was in 2020. Conclusions: Since it is not possible to diagnose viral etiology of respiratory tract infections based on clinical findings, viral respiratory tract panel and Multiplex real-time PCR test are a fast and useful method in early diagnosis, treatment decision and prevention of unnecessary antibiotic use. HPIVs positivity is seen at higher rates in children aged 0-2 and in autumn months with seasonal differences.

scholarly journals Viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Macao: a retrospective study from 2014 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lei ◽  
Lisong Yang ◽  
Cheong Tat Lou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Kin Ian SiTou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the leading causes of hospitalization in children. Understanding the local dominant viral etiologies is important to inform infection control practices and clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the viral etiology and epidemiology of respiratory infections among pediatric inpatients in Macao. Methods A retrospective study using electronic health records between 2014 and 2017 at Kiang Wu Hospital was performed. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from hospitalized children aged 13 years or younger with respiratory tract diseases. xMAP multiplex assays were employed to detect respiratory agents including 10 respiratory viruses. Data were analyzed to describe the frequency and seasonality. Results Of the 4880 children enrolled in the study, 3767 (77.1%) were positive for at least one of the 13 viral pathogens tested, of which 2707 (55.5%) being male and 2635 (70.0%) under 2 years old. Among the positive results, there were 3091 (82.0%) single infections and 676 (18.0%) multiple infections. The predominant viruses included human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV 27.4%), adenovirus (ADV, 15.8%), respiratory syncytial virus B (RSVB, 7.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA, 7.8%). The detection of viral infection was the most prevalent in autumn (960/1176, 81.6%), followed by spring (1095/1406, 77.9%), winter (768/992, 77.4%), and summer (944/1306, 72.3%), with HRV/EV and ADV being most commonly detected throughout the 4 years of study period. The detection rate of viral infection was highest among ARI patients presented with croup (123/141, 87.2%), followed by lower respiratory tract infection (1924/2356, 81.7%) and upper respiratory tract infection (1720/2383, 72.2%). FluA, FluB and ADV were positive factors for upper respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, infection with RSVA, RSVB, PIV3, PIV4, HMPV, and EV/RHV were positively associated with lower respiratory tract infections; and PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3 were positively associated with croup. Conclusions This is the first study in Macao to determine the viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for ARIs. The study findings can contribute to the awareness of pathogen, appropriate preventative measure, accurate diagnosis, and proper clinical management of respiratory viral infections among children in Macao.

scholarly journals First Detection of Human Coronavirus HKU1 in Greece, in an Immunocompromised Patient With Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou ◽  
Georgios Petsinis ◽  
Konstantinos Mantzouranis ◽  
Christos Damaskos ◽  
Despoina Melemeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
First Case ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) is a RNA virus which gets in the human cells by binding to the receptor of  N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid. Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs), including HCoV-HKU1, are globally found. HCoV-HKU1 is responsible for upper and lower respiratory tract infections, usually with mild symptoms. In severe cases, HCoV-HKU1 can cause life-threatening respiratory illness especially in vulnerable hosts such as elderly, children and immunocompromised patients. In Greece, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and influenza are the most common viruses causing respiratory tract infections. Traditionally, HCoVs are responsible for less than 3% of respiratory infections in Greek population. HCoVs 229E and OC43 have been shown to circulate in Greece. We report the first case of lung infection in an immunocompromised woman due to HCoV-HKU1, that has never been before detected in Greece. HCoV-HKU1 is related to severe disease even in healthy individuals and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe respiratory infections.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemisi Öncesinde Coronaviridae Ailesi Pozitifliğinin ve Mevsimsel Dağılımının Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi (2016-2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
Meryem Çolak ◽  
Anıl Aktaş Tapısız ◽  
Özlem Güzel Tunçcan ◽  
Gülendam Bozdayı
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Introduction: Coronaviruses are the agents of viral respiratory infections and cause severe respiratory infections, especially in the elderly, those with chronic disease and immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to determine the positive and common types of Coronaviridae family in patients admitted to our hospital in the four-year period before the COVID 19 pandemic (2016-2020) and to investigate the distribution of coronavirus positivity by age groups, months, seasons and years. Materials and Methods: Between February 2016 and January 2020, clinical samples of 1164 female (45%) and 1428 (55%) male patients were sent to the molecular virology laboratory from the various clinics of Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine Hospital due to symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection. Coronaviridae family positivity was investigated retrospectively in clinical samples of 2592 patients aged 0-101 years. Nucleic acid extraction from the clinical samples was performed with the ‘EZ1 Virus Mini Kit’. For viral DNA amplification, it was performed by multiplex Real-Time PCR method using ‘FTD Respiratory Pathogen 21’ test. Statistical analysis of the distribution of coronavirus positivity by age groups, months, seasons and years was done by SPSS 20.0 computer program. Results: Two hundred and twenty-nine (8.8%) of the clinical samples were found to be positive for any Coronavirus type. The most common type of Coronavirus was found to be CoV-229E with 52% (119/229). The distribution of other coronavirus types including CoV-HKU1, CoV-OC43 and CoV-NL63 was determined as 19.2% (44/229), 17.4% (40/229) and 14% (32/229) respectively, and the most common type of Coronavirus changed from year to year. Single Coronavirus positivity was found to be 48.1%, its association with other viruses was 51.9%. The highest coinfection of Coronavirus was found in Rhinovirus (35.3%) and influenza A virus (19.3%). Patients over 60 years of age were found to have a higher rate (30.6%) positivity compared to other age groups (p< 0.05). The highest rate of Coronavirus positivity was observed in January (17.4%) and the lowest rate in June (1.7%). It was observed that the highest rate of positivity (44.2%) was in winter and the lowest rate (8.2%) was in summer (p< 0.05). Coronaviruses were found to be detected at higher rates in winter with seasonal variation (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Since it is not possible to diagnose viral respiratory tract infections based on clinical findings, viral respiratory panel and Multiplex real time PCR test is a fast and useful method in routine diagnosis for early diagnosis and treatment and to prevent unnecessary use of antibiotics. Coronaviridae family positivity is seen in patients over 60 years of age and in seasonal variation, with higher rates in winter.

scholarly journals Molecular typing of human adenoviruses among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections in a tertiary Hospital in Guangzhou, China between 2017 and 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinye Wang ◽  
Dawei Wang ◽  
Sajid Umar ◽  
Sheng Qin ◽  
Qiong Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Human Adenoviruses ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Human Adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide array of illnesses in all age groups. They particularly cause frequent morbidity among children. In China, human adenovirus types 3, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, and 55 have caused at least seven outbreaks since 2000. However, limited studies are available regarding the epidemiological patterns and diversity of HAdVs types among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Methods To understand the epidemiology and subtype distribution of HAdV infections associated with RTIs in China, nasal swab (NS) clinical samples were collected from 4129 patients in a Guangzhou hospital between August 2017 and October 2019. PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed on these specimens to identify HAdV subtypes. Results HAdV was successfully sequenced in 99 (2.4%) of the 4129 NS specimens, with the highest HAdV prevalence (6.3%) found in children between the ages of 5 and 10 years. Among HAdV-positive specimens, the most prevalent genotypes identified were HAdV-B3 (55.6%) and HAdV-B7 (25.3%). The most common symptoms in the HAdV-infected patients were fever (100%), cough (80.8%), and rhinorrhea (71.8%). HAdV infections were detected throughout the year with a relatively higher prevalence in summer. Conclusion All ages suffer adenovirus infections, but young children are at the greatest risk. This study data demonstrates that at least three species of HAdVs (species B, C, and E) are circulating in Guangzhou City, China. As antiviral therapies and type-specific vaccines become available, such epidemiological data will be useful in guiding therapy and public health interventions.

scholarly journals Molecular Typing of Human Adenovirus Infection among Hospitalized Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Guangzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinye Wang ◽  
Dawei Wang ◽  
Sajid Umar ◽  
Sheng Qin ◽  
Qiong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Guangzhou City ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Human Adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide array of illnesses in all age groups. They particularly cause frequent morbidity among children. In China, human adenovirus types 3, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, and 55 have caused at least seven outbreaks since 2000. However, limited studies are available regarding the epidemiological patterns and diversity of HAdVs types among hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Methods To understand the epidemiology and type distribution of HAdV infections associated with RTIs in China, nasal swab (NS) clinical samples were collected from 4129 patients in a Guangzhou hospital between August 2017 and October 2019. PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed on these specimens to identify HAdV virus types. Results HAdV was detected in 99 (2.4%) of the 4,129 NS specimens, with the highest HAdV prevalence (6.3%) found in children between the ages of 5 and 10 years. Among HAdV-positive specimens, the most prevalent genotypes identified were HAdV-B3 (55.6%) and HAdV-B7 (25.3%). The most common symptoms in the HAdV-infected patients were fever (100%), cough (80.8%) and rhinorrhea (71.8%). HAdV infections were detected throughout the year with a relatively higher prevalence in summer. Conclusion All ages suffer adenovirus infections, but young children are at greatest risk. These study data demonstrate that at least three species of HAdVs (species B, C, and E) are circulating in Guangzhou City, China. As antiviral therapies and type-specific vaccines become available, such epidemiological data will be useful in guiding therapy and public health interventions.

scholarly journals Extracellular amoebal-vesicles: potential transmission vehicles for respiratory viruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafik Dey ◽  
Melanie A. Folkins ◽  
Nicholas J. Ashbolt
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Environmental Persistence ◽  
Viral Dissemination ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children and immunocompromised adults worldwide. Here we report that amoebae-release respirable-sized vesicles containing high concentrations of infectious RSV that persisted for the duration of the experiment. Given the ubiquity of amoebae in moist environments, our results suggest that extracellular amoebal-vesicles could contribute to the environmental persistence of respiratory viruses, including potential resistance to disinfection processes and thereby offering novel pathways for viral dissemination and transmission.

Reappraisal of respiratory syncytial virus as an aetiology of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 446-452
Author(s):  
Damilola M Oladele ◽  
Dimeji P Oladele ◽  
Rasheedat M Ibraheem ◽  
Mohammed B Abdulkadir ◽  
Rasaki Adewole Raheem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) especially severe ALRIs, constitute a global high burden of morbidity and mortality in children <5 y of age and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been documented to a play a major aetiological role. However, Nigerian reports on severe childhood RSV ALRIs are rare and most reports are old. With recent advances in RSV preventive strategy, arises the need for a recent appraisal of RSV infection in children with severe ALRI. The current study thus set out to determine the prevalence of RSV infection among hospitalized children <5 y of age and describe the related social determinants. Methods We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over 1 y of 120 children, ages 2–59 months, diagnosed with ALRI. Relevant data were obtained and an antigen detection assay was used for viral studies. Results The prevalence of RSV infection was 34.2% and its peak was in the rainy months. The proportion of infants in the RSV-positive group was significantly higher than that in the RSV-negative group (82.9% vs 54.4%; p=0.002). These findings were largely consistent with those of earlier reports. Conclusions RSV has remained a common cause of severe ALRI in infants, especially during the rainy months in Nigeria. It is thus suggested that more effort be focused towards implementing the current global recommendations for the prevention of RSV-associated LRI, particularly in infants.

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