Changes in weed infestations on plantations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) cultivated on black soil near Wrocław in 1989–1995 and 2006–2012

Field studies were carried out in 1989–1995 and 2006–2012 on plantations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris). During this period, 542 phytosociological relevés were made using the Braun-Blanquet method. In total, 46 weed species were found. In 1989–1995, the occurrence of 36 segetal species was reported. The highest cover indices were determined for Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus. Galium aparine, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Elymus repens were the dominant species, as well. Analysis of the frequency of occurrence revealed one constant species (Chenopodium album), two frequent species (Amaranthus retroflexus and Galium aparine), and two medium-frequent species (Echinochloa crus-galli and Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora).In 2006–2012, the occurrence of 40 weed species on the sugar beet plantations was recorded. The plantations were clearly dominated by Chenopodium album, accompanied by Polygonum persicaria and Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. lapathifolium. Other dominant species comprised Setaria viridis, Galinsoga parviflora, Brassica napus ssp. napus, and Fallopia convolvulus. The Chenopodium album was a constant component of the sugar beet plantations. In turn, no frequent species were observed and six medium-frequent species were found (Setaria viridis, Galinsoga parviflora, Brassica napus ssp. napus, Echinochloa crus-galli, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Capsella bursa-pastoris).Noteworthy, the presence of previously unreported species, e.g., Abutilon theophrasti, Hyoscyamus niger, or Artemisia vulgaris, was revealed. These species are rare components in sugar beet crops. A reverse phenomenon, i.e., the disappearance of some species such as Euphorbia helioscopia, Malva neglecta, Rumex acetosella, Sinapis arvensis, or Sisymbrium officinale, was also observed.

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Control of Three Weed Species in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) with an Electrical Discharge System

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450002590x ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 93-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. G. Wilson ◽

F. N. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Electrical Discharge ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Field Studies ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Weed Species ◽

Kochia Scoparia ◽

Discharge System ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Redroot Pigweed

An electrical discharge system (EDS) was evaluated in field studies conducted in 1977 through 1979 in western Nebraska for its ability to control weed escapes in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2′). Nine weeks after sugarbeets were planted, kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.] had attained a height above sugarbeets sufficient for EDS treatment. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) generally attained sufficient height above sugarbeets 11 and 13 weeks after sugarbeet planting. Sugarbeet root yields were reduced 40, 20, and 10% from competition by kochia, common lambsquarters, and redroot pigweed, respectively. Treatment of kochia, redroot pigweed, and common lambsquarters with EDS in some cases resulted in a reduction in weed height. The EDS treatments reduced the stand of all weeds 32, 39, and 47% for 1977, 1978, and 1979, respectively. Although the EDS treatments failed to kill many weeds, it did suppress the competitive ability of the three weeds to the extent that sugarbeet yields were higher in areas receiving EDS treatments than areas receiving no EDS treatment.

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Weed Control in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) by Mixtures of Cycloate and Ethofumesate

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500044519 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 516-519 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. E. Schweizer

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Field Studies ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Setaria Viridis ◽

Kochia Scoparia ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Herbicide Mixtures

Response of weeds and sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris L. ‘Mono Hy D2′) to preplanting treatments of mixtures of cycloate (S-ethyl N-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate) and ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] was evaluated in five field studies. A mixture containing 1.7 kg/ha of each herbicide reduced the stand of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) 90%, green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.] and yellow foxtail [Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb.] 97 to 99%, kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.] 64 to 77%, and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) 82 to 99%. The response of weeds to preplanting applications of mixtures of cycloate and ethofumesate was independent of soil texture, whereas response of sugarbeets was dependent on soil texture. The herbicide mixtures significantly reduced the pre-thinning stand of sugarbeets and root and sucrose yields on two sandy loams, but not on a clay loam.

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The actual consumption of water by selected cultivated and weed species of plants and the actual values of evapotranspiration of the stands as determined under field conditions

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/476-swr ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (Special Issue 2) ◽

pp. S39-S48 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Pivec ◽

V. Brant

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Brassica Napus ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Sap Flow ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Actual Evapotranspiration ◽

Weed Species ◽

Lactuca Serriola

In the years 2005 to 2008, the consumption of water by selected cultivated and weed species under the field conditions and the values of the actual evapotranspiration in selected stands of cultivated crops were evaluated. The values of the transpiration flow were measured with a T4.2 EMS Brno (CZ) 12 channel sap-flow meter, and the actual evapotranspiration by BREB method (Bowen Ratio-Energy Balance) using the equipment of the same firm. The recording of the values obtained during the measurements was carried out in 10-min intervals. The sap flow was measured on the following weed plants Amaranthus retroflexus, Artemisia vulgaris, Cirsium arvense, Conyza Canadensis, and Lactuca serriola as weeds in the cultivated crops of Brassica napus and Zea mays. The actual evapotranspiration using the BREB method was determined over the stands of Beta vulgaris, Brassica napus, Hordeum vulgare, Medicago sativa, and Zea mays. On the basis of the measurements carried out, the average daily values of the sap flow of the evaluated plants ranged from 0.016 to 0.193 kg/day of water per plant. The maximum daily values ranged from 0.025 to 0.309 kg/day of water per plant. The average daily value of the evapotranspiration flow in Hordeum vulgare during the period under observation amounted to 2.9 mm, while the daily values ranged from 1.2 to 4.6 mm H2O/day. In the other evaluated plants, the daily values of evapotranspiration ranged from 0.9 mm to 5.9 mm/day of water, on average 3.4 mm/day of water (Beta vulgaris), and from 1.7 mm to 5.2 mm/day of water, on average 3.2 mm/day of water (Brassica napus).

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Comparison of sequential preemergence-postemergence and postemergence-alone weed management strategies for red beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2012-327 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 863-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Darren E. Robinson ◽

Kristen E. McNaughton ◽

David Bilyea

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Weed Management ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Sequential Treatment ◽

Weed Species ◽

Red Beet ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Sequential Treatments

Robinson, D. E., McNaughton, K. E. and Bilyea, D. 2013. Comparison of sequential preemergence-postemergence and postemergence-alone weed management strategies during critical period of red beet ( Beta vulgaris L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 863–870. Weed management during the first 4 wk after red beet emergence is critical to prevent yield loss. The purpose of this research was to compare weed control and red beet tolerance of postemergence (POST) treatments alone (full, split- and micro-rates of pyrazon plus triflusulfuron) with sequential preemergence (PRE) applications of s-metolachlor followed by these POST herbicide treatments. The experiment was carried out for 4 yr as a randomized complete block with four replications. Of the POST alone treatments examined, control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and green foxtail [Setaria viridis L. (Beauv.)] was 98, 86, 97 and 62%, respectively. Much more consistent control of all species (i.e., greater than 96%) was measured where the sequential treatment of s-metolachlor was applied PRE followed by POST split- or micro-rates in all study years. Red beet density and soluble solid levels were not different than the weed-free check in any of the POST or sequential treatments. However, red beet yield in the POST single and split-rate treatments alone ranged from 9500 to 12100 kg ha−1, and was significantly less than in the weed-free check (19400 kg ha−1). Yields in the sequential treatments were comparable to the weed-free check. The results of this study confirm that a sequential treatment of PRE s-metolachlor followed by POST split- and micro-rate applications of pyrazon plus triflusulfuron can be safely applied to red beet and control annual weed species.

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Competitive relationships between sugar beet and weeds in dependence on time of weed control

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/2687-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 108-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Jursík ◽

J. Holec ◽

J. Soukup ◽

V. Venclová

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Weed Control ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Fumaria Officinalis

Small plot trials were carried out in years 2001–2003 with sugar beet. In the treatment without weed control, dry weight of sugar beet top and LAI of sugar beet were very low (approx. 50 g/m2 and 0.5 m2/m2, respectively). Yield loss of sugar beet was 80–93%. Dominant weeds were Chenopodium album, Fumaria officinalis and Galium aparine. In the treatments where weeds were removed (by hand) until 4 leaf stage of sugar beet, dry weight of sugar beet top and LAI of sugar beet at first increased normally, but were markedly decreased from the half of the vegetation period. Yield loss of sugar beet was 54–28%. Dominant weed in this treatment was Amaranthus retroflexus. The development of sugar beet top dry weight and LAI of sugar beet was practically identical in the treatments where weeds were removed until 8–10 leaf stage of the crop and in those where weeds were removed during the whole vegetation period (500–900 g/m2, or 4–7 m2/m2, respectively). No yield loss of sugar beet was recorded. Dry weight of weeds did not exceed 30 g/m2 and LAI 0.1 m2/m2. A. retroflexus and Mercurialis annua were the most frequent weeds in this treatment.

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Response of Sugarbeets (Beta vulgaris) and Four Weed Species to Dinitramine

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500043423 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 28-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. E. Schweizer

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

Setaria Viridis ◽

Weed Species ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Black Nightshade ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Setaria Glauca ◽

Better Than

Dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine) applied at 0.37 kg/ha controlled black nightshade (Solanum nigrumL.) better than did trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) at 0.56 kg/ha. Dinitramine applied at 0.37 kg/ha was equal to 0.56 kg/ha of trifluralin for control of green foxtail [Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.], yellow foxtail [Setaria glauca(L.) Beauv.], and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.). Dinitramine produced more root aberrations in sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2′) than did trifluralin when sprayed on nonexposed or exposed hypotcotyledonary tissues of seedlings. When soil surrounded most of the hypocotyls at the time of application, 0.56 kg/ha of dinitramine affected 57 to 87% of the roots, whereas the same rate of trifluralin affected 1 to 8% of the roots. When the hypocotyls were exposed at the time of application, 100% of the roots were affected by dinitramine compared to 25% of all roots treated with trifluralin. Dinitramine applied at 0.37, 0.42, and 0.56 kg/ha lowered the quality and yield of sugarbeet roots, with the highest rate significantly reducing percentage purity, percentage sucrose, and recoverable sucrose. Trifluralin did not affect these parameters.

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The Basis for Selectivity of Root-Applied Ethofumesate in Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris) and Three Weed Species

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500062317 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 191-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David N. Duncan ◽

William F. Meggitt ◽

Donald Penner

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Weed Species ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Nutrient Culture

The absorption, translocation, and metabolism of 14C-ethofumesate [(±)-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate] in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) were studied as possible bases for selectivity of preemergence-applied ethofumesate. The sensitive redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters plants translocated more 14C-ethofumesate from nutrient culture to the leaf tissue than did the tolerant sugarbeet and common ragweed. The radioactivity was more highly concentrated in sugarbeet and common ragweed roots. The rapid metabolism of ethofumesate by sugarbeet and common ragweed, particularly that which accumulated in the leaf tissue, appeared related to tolerance.

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Weed Interference Affects Dry Bean Yield and Growth

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb437810 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 70-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hossein GHAMARI ◽

Goudarz AHMADVAND

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Growing Season ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Weed Species ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Logistic Equations ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Minimum Number

Dry bean is one of the most important pulse crops in Iran. Field study was conducted in 2011 to evaluate effects of weed competition from a natural flora on growth and yield of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The treatments consisted of weed infestation and weed removal periods (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days) after crop emergence. Control plots kept weed-infested and weed-free throughout growing season. To assess the weed competition effect on crop characteristics, Richards, Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to the data. The most abundant weed species were Chenopodium album and Amaranthus retroflexus. Increase in duration of weed interference decreased the stem height of dry bean. At the end of the growing season, dry bean was 20 cm taller in season-long weed-free treatment compared to the season-long weed-infested treatment. As the number of days of weed interference increased, a declining trend of LAI and number of pods was observed. The minimum number of pods was obtained in season-long weed-infested treatment (5.01 pods/plant). Weed interference during the whole growing season, caused a 60% reduction in yield. Considering 5% and 10% acceptable yield lost, the critical period of weed competition was determined from 20 to 68 and 23 to 55 days after planting (DAE), respectively.

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Effects of Herbicides on 14CO2 Fixation in Isolated Mesophyll Cells from Beta vulgaris (Sugar Beet) and Chenopodium album

Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen ◽

10.1016/s0015-3796(17)30632-7 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 174 (8) ◽

pp. 723-725

Author(s):

G. Baumann ◽

G. Günther

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

14Co2 Fixation ◽

Isolated Mesophyll Cells

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Response of Weed Seeds to Ethylene and Related Hydrocarbons

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450004337x ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 7-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

R. B. Taylorson

Keyword(s):

Chenopodium Album ◽

Active Form ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Weed Species ◽

Hydrocarbon Gases ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Setaria Faberi ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Giant Foxtail ◽

Common Purslane

AbstractGermination of seeds of 10 grass and 33 broadleaved weed species was examined for response to ethylene. Germination was promoted in nine species, inhibited in two, and not affected in the remainder. Of the species promoted, common purslane (Portulaca oleraceaL.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.), and several Amaranths, including redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), were affected most. Transformation of phytochrome to the active form (Pfr) gave interactions that ranged from none to syntergistic with the applied ethylene. In subsequent tests seeds of purslane, redroot pigweed, and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.), a species not responsive to ethylene, were examined for germination response to 14 low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases other than ethylene. Some stimulation by the olefins propylene and propadiene was found for purslane and pigweed. Propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde were slightly stimulatory to purslane only.

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