Root-to-Shoot Communication to Modulate Source-Sink Relationship in Tomato Depends on Phytochromes

Phytochromes have been reported as strategic photoreceptors that can modulate the partition of photoassimilates between source and sink. However, so far, it is unknown whether phytochrome accumulation in the root is part of the control mechanisms of the source-sink relationship that modulates root and shoot growth. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate phytochrome involvement in the source-sink relationship and in the vegetative and reproductive development of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom or MT). The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments, provided by grafting combinations between aurea (au), which is phytochrome deficient, and the near isogenic line MT: (MT/MT, au/au, MT/au and au/MT). We observed differentiated responses for many parameters analyzed. For example, the root dry mass accumulation and stern diameter obtained by MT/MT, MT/au and au/MT grafting were 33% and 31% higher, respectively, than those obtained by au/au. In the au/MT combination, there were greater root dry mass and total dry mass accumulations. Based on the changes in vegetative and reproductive development observed from grafting combinations between MT and the mutant au, we can conclude that phytochromes function in the control of photoassimilate partitioning between roots and stems during tomato growth.

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Interaction of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Transformed by rapA1 Gene with Pseudomonas sp. 102 Bacteria Resistant to High Cadmium Concentrations as a Basis for Effective Symbiotic Phytoremediation System

Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.21519/0234-2758-2019-35-2-38-48 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 38-48

Author(s):

L.R. Khakimova ◽

A.M. Lavina ◽

L.R. Karimova ◽

V.V. Fedyaev ◽

An.Kh. Baymiev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Basic Research ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Research Centre ◽

Pseudomonas Sp ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

High Concentrations ◽

The Government

A Pseudomonas sp. 102 strain, which is highly resistant to toxic effects of cadmium and has plant growth-promoting activity, can significantly increase growth parameters and biomass of tomato plants, including those observed under toxic effects of cadmium. The greatest positive effect was observed in plants transformed with the bacterial adhesin gene rapA1, the product of which is important for colonization of plant roots by bacteria. It was also shown that shoots of transgenic tomato plants accumulated the greatest amount of cadmium during inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. 102. The ability to extract high concentrations of cadmium and accumulate a large biomass under stress opens up prospects for the further use of associative interactions between tomato and Pseudomonas for phytoremediation. phytoremediation, cadmium, tomato, Pseudomonas, inoculation, agglutinins, This study was carried out using the equipment of the Biomika Centre for Collective Use of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics (Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences) as part of the government task (project no. AAAA-A16-1160203500284). This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 18-34-20004 and 18-34-00033) and 18-344-0033 mol_a_ved and 34-00033 mol_a).

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Interactive effects of nitrogen and irradiance on growth and partitioning of dry mass and nitrogen in young tomato plants

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp02087 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (11) ◽

pp. 1319 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Corine C. de Groot ◽

Leo F. M. Marcelis ◽

Riki van den Boogaard ◽

Hans Lambers

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Mass ◽

High Irradiance ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

N Limitation ◽

N Supply ◽

N Concentration ◽

Growth Irradiance ◽

Dry Mass Partitioning

The interactive effects of irradiance and N on growth of young tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were studied. Plants were grown at 70 or 300 μmol photons m–2 s–1, hereafter referred to as 'low' and 'high' irradiance, and at a range of exponential N supply rates (70–370 mg g–1 d–1) or at a constant concentration in the nutrient solution of 12 mM NO3–. At both irradiance levels, leaf area ratio was more important than net assimilation rate (NAR) in explaining effects of N on growth at mild N limitation. However, at severe N limitation, NAR became the most important parameter, as indicated by calculated growth response coefficients. Furthermore, this study shows that N supply and growth irradiance interacted strongly. The decrease of specific leaf area with increasing N limitation and increasing growth irradiance correlated with increasing leaf dry mass percentage and starch concentration. Furthermore, at low irradiance, plants partitioned more dry mass to the stem. Dry mass partitioning to roots increased with decreasing plant N concentration, and this relation appeared to be independent of irradiance. Shading increased plant N concentration and decreased dry mass partitioning to roots. Also, the relationship between plant N concentration and N partitioning to different plant organs was largely independent of growth irradiance.

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DESENVOLVIMENTO DO TOMATEIRO INDUSTRIAL EM RESPOSTA A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2020v25n3p432-448 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 432-448

Author(s):

Cícero José da Silva ◽

José Antônio Frizzone ◽

César Antônio da Silva ◽

Nadson de Carvalho Pontes ◽

Luiz Felipe Mariano da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Development ◽

Tomato Plant ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Area Index ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Subsurface Drip ◽

Irrigation Levels ◽

E Mail

DESENVOLVIMENTO DO TOMATEIRO INDUSTRIAL EM RESPOSTA A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE IRRIGAÇÃO Cícero José da Silva1; José Antônio Frizzone2; César Antônio da Silva3; Nadson de Carvalho Pontes4; Luiz Felipe Mariano da Silva5 E Ênio Eduardo Basílio6 1Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Professor Aposentado Colaborador Senior, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossitemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” – Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, N 11, Caixa Postal 9, CEP: 13418-900, Piracicaba – SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4Professor do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 5Estudante de Iniciação Científica do Curso Bacharelado em Agronomia, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 6Técnico Administrativo, Mestre em Olericultura, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Morrinhos – GO, BR 153, Km 633, Zonal Rural, CEP;75650-000, Morrinhos – GO, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 1 RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas de tomateiros submetidas a diferentes níveis de reposição da irrigação, aplicados via sistema gotejamento subsuperficial durante duas safras. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados cinco níveis de irrigação: 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da evapotranspiração da cultura (%ETc) medida com lisímetros de pesagem, sobre o desenvolvimento de plantas de tomateiro. Cada parcela experimental foi composta por três fileiras de plantas de 5,5 m de comprimento, espaçadas a 1,10 m entre si e 0,30 m entre plantas. As avaliações de área foliar, índice de área foliar, massa seca de raiz, caule, folhas, flores, frutos e total foram realizadas aos 45, 65 e 85 dias após o transplante das mudas. Irrigações deficitárias e em excesso prejudicaram o desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas de tomateiro. Os maiores valores de área foliar, índice de área foliar e massa seca total das plantas de tomateiro foram estimados com níveis de irrigação que variaram de 96 a 112% da ETc, variando de acordo com o ano de avaliação e a fase de desenvolvimento do tomateiro. Irrigações deficitárias e excessivas prejudicaram a floração e frutificação do tomateiro híbrido BRS Sena. Palavras-chave: Solanum lycopersicom L.; gotejamento enterrado; manejo da irrigação; massa seca. Silva, c. j. da; FRIZZONE, J. A.; SILVA, C. A. da; pontes, n. de C.; SILVA, L. F. M. da; BASÍLIO, Ê. E. Industrial tomato plant development in response to different irrigation levels 2 ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate tomato plant development submitted to different irrigation replacement levels, irrigated via subsurface drip system for two harvests. The experiment was conducted under a randomized complete block design with four replications. Five irrigation levels were evaluated: 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of crop evapotranspiration (% ETc) measured with weighing lysimeters over the tomato plants development. Each experimental plot was composed of three plants rows with 5.5 m long, spaced 1.10 m apart and 0.30 m between plants. Leaf area, leaf area index, root dry matter, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits and total were evaluated at 45, 65 and 85 days after seedlings transplanting. Deficit and excess irrigation impaired the vegetative development of tomato plants. The highest values of leaf area, leaf area index and plants total dry mass were estimated with irrigation levels ranging from 96 to 112% of ETc, depending on the evaluation harvest year and the crop development phase. Deficit and excessive irrigation affected the flowering and fruiting of the hybrid tomato BRS Sena. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicom L; subsurface drip irrigation; irrigation manegement; dry mass.

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Chitosan-PVA and Copper Nanoparticles Improve Growth and Overexpress the SOD and JA Genes in Tomato Plants under Salt Stress

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy8090175 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 175 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hipólito Hernández-Hernández ◽

Antonio Juárez-Maldonado ◽

Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza ◽

Hortensia Ortega-Ortiz ◽

Gregorio Cadenas-Pliego ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Copper Nanoparticles ◽

Signaling Cascades ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Ionic Stress ◽

Cellular Detoxification

Saline stress severely affects the growth and productivity of plants. The activation of hormonal signaling cascades and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to salt stress are important for cellular detoxification. Jasmonic acid (JA) and the enzyme SOD (superoxide dismutase), are well recognized markers of salt stress in plants. In this study, the application of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels (Cs-PVA) and copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) on the growth and expression of defense genes in tomato plants under salt stress was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that Cs-PVA and Cs-PVA + Cu NPs enhance plant growth and also promote the expression of JA and SOD genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), under salt stress. We propose that Cs-PVA and Cs-PVA + Cu NPs mitigate saline stress through the regulation of oxidative and ionic stress.

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Free Amino Acid Accumulation in Soil and Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Associated with Arsenic Stress

Water Air & Soil Pollution ◽

10.1007/s11270-019-4309-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 230 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Rodion V. Okunev

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Free Amino Acid ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Free Amino ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Acid Accumulation ◽

Arsenic Stress ◽

Amino Acid Accumulation

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Cadmium stress antioxidant responses and root-to-shoot communication in grafted tomato plants

BioMetals ◽

10.1007/s10534-015-9867-3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 803-816 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Priscila Lupino Gratão ◽

Carolina Cristina Monteiro ◽

Tiago Tezotto ◽

Rogério Falleiros Carvalho ◽

Letícia Rodrigues Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cadmium Stress ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Antioxidant Responses ◽

Root To Shoot Communication

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Application of Trichoderma harzianum, 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone and Plant Biopolymer Formulations Modulate Plant Metabolism and Fruit Quality of Plum Tomatoes

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9060771 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 771 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Petronia Carillo ◽

Sheridan L. Woo ◽

Ernesto Comite ◽

Christophe El-Nakhel ◽

Youssef Rouphael ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Total Yield ◽

Plant Metabolism ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Greenhouse Tomato ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Functional Quality ◽

Stimulate Plant Growth

Many Trichoderma are successfully used to improve agriculture productivity due to their capacity for biocontrol and to stimulate plant growth and tolerance to abiotic stress. This research elucidates the effect of applications with Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 (T22), or biopolymer (BP) alone or in combination (BP + T22 or BP + 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PP); a Trichoderma secondary metabolite) on the crop performance, nutritional and functional quality of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cultivar Pixel). T22 elicited significant increases in total yield (+40.1%) compared to untreated tomato. The content of lycopene, an important antioxidant compound in tomatoes, significantly increased upon treatment with T22 (+ 49%), BP + T22 (+ 40%) and BP + 6PP (+ 52%) compared to the control. T22 treatments significantly increased the content of asparagine (+37%), GABA (+87%) and MEA (+102%) over the control; whereas BP alone strongly increased GABA (+105%) and MEA (+85%). The synthesis of these compounds implies that tomato plants are able to reuse the photorespiratory amino acids and ammonium for producing useful metabolites and reduce the pressure of photorespiration on plant metabolism, thus optimizing photosynthesis and growth. Finally, these metabolites exert many beneficial effects for human health, thus enhancing the premium quality of plum tomatoes.

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Comparative Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Under Salt Stress and Recovery: Role of Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8090350 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 350 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Parvin ◽

Hasanuzzaman ◽

Bhuyan ◽

Nahar ◽

Mohsin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Post Stress

Salinity toxicity and the post-stress restorative process were examined to identify the salt tolerance mechanism in tomato, with a focus on the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Hydroponically grown 15 day-old tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa Ruby) were treated with 150 and 250 mM NaCl for 4 days and subsequently grown in nutrient solution for a further 2 days to observe the post-stress responses. Under saline conditions, plants showed osmotic stress responses that included low leaf relative water content and high proline content. Salinity induced oxidative stress by the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (H2O2 and O2•−) and methylglyoxal. Salinity also impaired the non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system. On the other hand, excessive Na+ uptake induced ionic stress which resulted in a lower content of other minerals (K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), and a reduction in photosynthetic pigment synthesis and plant growth. After 2 days in the normal nutrient solution, the plants showed improvements in antioxidant and glyoxalase system activities, followed by improvements in plant growth, water balance, and chlorophyll synthesis. The antioxidant and glyoxalase systems worked in concert to scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Taken together, these findings indicate that tomato plants can tolerate salinity and show rapid post-stress recovery by enhancement of their antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems.

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