scholarly journals Residual effect of a few herbicides on chlorophyll content and primary productivity of succeeding crops and associated weeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pigment Concentration ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Residual Plots

The residual effect of a few herbicides viz: Atrataf (atrazine), 2,4-D and Aresin (monolinuron) sprayed in the previous season on the pigment concentration and primary productivity of the crops (viz: <i>Zea mays</i> and <i>Cajanus cajan</i>) grown in rotation, as well as their associated weeds has been studied. The results indicate that the residues of all the three herbicides were non toxic to <i>Zea mays</i> and toxic to <i>Cajanus cajan</i> as an increase in chlorophyll content and primary productivity occurred in the former, whereas the contrary is true for the latter. Weeds from residual plots have shown a considerable decrease in the chlorophyll content and primary productivity. The most susceptible weed to all the three herbicides was <i>Acalypha malabarica</i>, while <i>Echinochloa colonum</i> is susceptible to the residues of Atrazine but is tolerant to the residues of the other two herbicides. Recommendations based on the observations are presented in the paper.

Studies on Maize (Zea mays) at Bunda, Malawi. III. Yield in Rotations with Pasture Legumes

1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. MacColl
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pasture Legumes

SUMMARYYields of maize were increased when they followed successfully established pasture legumes in two rotation experiments. The largest increases were obtained after silverleaf and were equivalent in one experiment to the effects of about 30 kg N ha−1a−1over four years and in the other experiment to those of 40 kg N ha−1a−1over three years. The largest beneficial effect of some of the legumes was on the first crop of maize but in others did not occur until the third or fourth crop. The possible reasons for the different patterns of residual effect are discussed in relation to the nature of the legume residues, the quality of the seedbed following the legumes, and rainfall

Influence of Application Method on the Activity of Butylate and EPTC in Reduced-Tillage Corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Application Methods

Weed control in reduced-tillage corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3732′) with butylate [S-ethyl bis(2-methylpropyl) carbamothioate] and EPTC (S-ethyl dipropyl carbarnothioate) was not reduced when these herbicides were applied jointly with dry or liquid fertilizer. In most cases, application with fertilizer resulted in weed control similar to that observed when the herbicide was applied in water at 285 L/ha. Butylate applied as a granular formulation also gave weed control similar to the spray at 285 L/ha. Application in 95 L/ha of water consistently resulted in reduced weed control. Corn injury was not greatly influenced by application method, and differences in corn yield appeared to be due to differences in weed control. Growth chamber bioassays indicated that both butylate and EPTC dissipated more rapidly when applied in 95 L/ha of water than the other application methods, which may explain differences in weed control observed in the field.

Morpho-Biochemical Characteristics of Brinjal Germplasms Affect the Abundance And Infestation of Jassid

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
F Yasmin ◽  
MR Amin ◽  
M Afroz ◽  
MAH Swapon ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Positive Correlation

The tropical vegetable, brinjal is cultivated throughout the year in Bangladesh but the crop is infested by a number of insects including jassid. This study investigated the effects of different biophysical and biochemical characteristics of twelve brinjal germplasms on the abundance and infestation of jassid. The experiment was conducted during September 2018 to March 2019 in Gazipur, Bangladesh with twelve brinjal germplasms namely BD-7320, BD-7328, BD-9952, BD-10154, BD-10158, BARI Begun-1, BARI Begun-4, BARI Begun-5, BARI Begun- 6, BARI Begun-7, BARI Begun-8 and BARI Begun-9. The incidence of jassid was recorded from 3rd December to 26th March, and the lowest population was found on BARI Begun- 6. Among the biophysical traits, plant height, number of branch and leaf per plant, and leaf area exerted significant positive correlation; whereas trichome on lower and upper surfaces of leaf, spine per stem and leaf showed significant negative correlation with the abundance of jassid. On the other hand, moisture, reducing sugar, total sugar and protein content of the leaves and fruits, chlorophyll content of the leaves exerts significant positive correlation but ash and pH contents of the leaves and fruits were negatively correlated with the abundance of jassid. Jassids showed the lowest level of leaf infestation on BARI Begun-6, which could be for further analysis to develop jassid resistant brinjal. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 81-91 (2021)

scholarly journals Macrofauna edáfica associada a plantas de cobertura em plantio direto em um Latossolo Vermelho do Cerrado

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenio Guimarães Santos ◽  
Pedro Marques da Silveira ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Thierry Becquer ◽  
Luiz Carlos Balbino
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a macrofauna edáfica e avaliar o efeito de plantas de cobertura em plantio direto, nos principais grupos da macrofauna do solo, em duas épocas de avaliação em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos (plantas de cobertura) e quatro repetições. As plantas de cobertura: Crotalaria juncea, guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan), Stylosanthes guianensis, Brachiaria brizantha, B. brizantha consorciada com milho (Zea mays), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum), mombaça (Panicum maximum) e Sorghum bicolor foram cultivadas de novembro a abril. Em setembro de cada ano, foi realizado o plantio de feijão, em cultivo irrigado por pivô central. A área útil em cada parcela foi de 60 m². Amostras de solo na forma de monólitos (25x25 cm) foram retiradas aleatoriamente em cada parcela, para contagem da macrofauna, às profundidades de 0-10 cm e 10-20 cm, em abril e em setembro de 2005. Os grupos taxonômicos, identificados em ordem decrescente de densidade relativa, são: Formicidae, Oligochaeta, Dermaptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Miriapoda, Isoptera, Araneae, Lepidoptera, Blattodea e larvas de Diptera. Crotalaria juncea apresentou maior densidade de macrofauna, seguida por B. Brizantha, B. Brizantha consorciada com milho, Sorghum bicolor, Stylosanthes guianensis, Cajanus Cajans, Pennisetum Glaucum e Panicum maximum. O uso das plantas de cobertura, associado à irrigação na avaliação de setembro, favorece a colonização do solo pela macrofauna.

scholarly journals Consórcio de milho com braquiária e guandu-anão em sistema de dessecação parcial

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1184-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila de Oliveira ◽  
João Kluthcouski ◽  
José Laércio Favarin ◽  
Darliane de Castro Santos
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do consórcio de milho (Zea mays) cv. BRS 1035 com braquiária (Urochloa brizantha) e guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan), no sistema de dessecação parcial. Os experimentos foram realizados na safra de verão de 2008/2009, em Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO e Ipameri, GO, em blocos completos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de cultivos de milho, em consórcio com braquiária e guandu-anão, com a aplicação de nitrogênio mineral em cobertura, à emergência da cultura ou aos 20 dias após esse evento, com ou sem aplicação de subdose de herbicida à braquiária não dessecada. A viabilidade do sistema de dessecação parcial é dependente do manejo da adubação nitrogenada do milho ou do controle do crescimento da braquiária nas faixas não dessecadas.

Photosynthetic and developmental traits associated with genotypic differences in durum wheat yield across the Mediterranean basin

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Villegas ◽  
N. Aparicio ◽  
M.M. Nachit ◽  
J. L. Araus ◽  
C. Royo
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
Developmental Traits ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The relationships between various morphophysiological traits and yield were studied in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown in Mediterranean conditions. Two sets of 22 genotypes were used. One was developed for semi-humid environments (TA-genotypes) and was cultivated in 22 trials around the Mediterranean basin with a mean yield across genotypes and environments of 4925 kg/ha. The other set was developed for drier conditions (CA-genotypes) and was cultivated in 15 trials, with a mean yield of 3501 kg/ha. Morphophysiological traits for each set were evaluated in 2 trials with contrasting water regimes conducted in north-eastern Spain: Lleida-rainfed (LR) and Lleida-irrigation (LI). Two kinds of traits were evaluated: developmental traits, including early vigour, plant height, and phenology (days from planting to heading and to maturity); and traits related to photosynthetic performance such as canopy temperature and chlorophyll content of the flag leaf, both measured during grain filling, and carbon isotope discrimination of mature grains. All the traits, measured in both Lleida trials, were related to the mean yield of the same genotypes across all the sites where they were cultivated. Yield measured at either of the 2 environments at Lleida was a much poorer predictor of genotype differences in mean yield than most of the traits. Nevertheless, the kind of environment where the morphophysiological traits were evaluated affected the performance of these traits as yield predictors. The combination of significant traits measured in the better environment (LI) explained 71% and 55% of genotype variability in yield within TA- and CA-genotypes, respectively, but only 56% and 27% when they were evaluated at LR. On the other hand, growing conditions of the yield trials was the main factor determining the best combination of traits. For TA-genotypes, larger yields were associated with shorter plants and higher carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of grains, and to a lesser extent with higher early vigour and lower canopy temperature, whereas phenological traits made no contribution to explaining genotype differences in yield. For the CA-genotypes, higher yields were related to an earlier heading date or alternatively to a higher chlorophyll content during grain filling. A higher Δ in mature kernels also seems to be a positive trait.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiração do feijoeiro irrigado em plantio direto sobre diferentes palhadas de culturas de cobertura

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Fernando Stone ◽  
Pedro Marques da Silveira ◽  
José Aloísio Alves Moreira ◽  
Antônio Joaquim Braga Pereira Braz
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito das palhadas de diferentes culturas de cobertura na evapotranspiração do feijoeiro irrigado cultivar Pérola. O experimento foi conduzido por dois anos, 2002/2003 e 2003/2004, na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, em Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO, em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. No primeiro ano, os tratamentos consistiram de sete culturas de cobertura, conduzidas em plantio direto: braquiária (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu); milho (Zea mays L.) consorciado com braquiária; guandu anão (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millisp); milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. cv. BN-2); mombaça (Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça); sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv. BR 304); e estilosantes (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão). No segundo ano, foi acrescentada a crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L.). A evapotranspiração, durante o ciclo do feijoeiro, foi determinada pela metodologia do balanço hídrico de campo e variou de 259,8 a 343,7 mm, dependendo da cultura de cobertura e do ano. As palhadas de braquiária e mombaça, pela maior produção de matéria seca, propiciaram as menores perdas de água por evapotranspiração. As maiores diferenças entre as palhadas das culturas de cobertura, com relação à evapotranspiração do feijoeiro, ocorrem nos estádios iniciais e finais do ciclo.

Chilling-induced chlorosis in maize (Zea mays)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hodgins ◽  
R. B. van Huystee
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Control Tissue ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
Chilling Temperatures ◽  
And Control

The effect of chilling temperatures on the porphyrin pathway leading to chlorophyll was studied in Seneca Chief hybrid sweet corn. One-week-old seedlings grown at 28 °C in a 14 h light: 10 h dark photoperiod synthesize negligible amounts of chlorophyll when exposed to 12 °C for a subsequent 6 d. When the chilled plant is then brought back to 28 °C, chlorophyll synthesis is restored to control levels. Little difference in carotenoid content was detected between chill-stressed and control tissue even after 4 d of stress. Small differences in the chlorophyll content per 106 chloroplasts could be detected between stressed and control seedlings. Etiolated seedlings synthesize negligible amounts of chlorophyll or its precursors when illuminated at 12 °C. Incubation of tissue with aminolevulinic acid at various temperatures from 12 to 22 °C resulted in an accumulation of precursors comparable to 28 °C control tissue. The ability of etiolated tissue to accumulate aminolevulinic acid was negligible when illuminated at 12 °C as compared with that in tissue illuminated at 28 °C.

Inhibition of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthesis by Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Kitchen ◽  
William W. Witt ◽  
Charles E. Rieck
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Porphyrin Ring ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ring Compounds ◽  
Site Of Action

The effect of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] on barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) and corn (Zea maysL.) shoot δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) production was examined by monitoring ALA content in the tissue and measuring incorporation of14C precursors into ALA and chlorophylla. Barley shoot ALA content was significantly decreased by 1 mM glyphosate after 9, 11, and 15 h of illumination. ALA production by treated barley shoots was 30 nmoles•g fresh weight-1•h-1at each interval tested, compared with 75 to 120 nmoles•g fresh weight-1•h-1for the control. In corn shoots, ALA content was reduced 32, 45, and 58% by 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mM glyphosate, respectively, after 12 h illumination. Incorporation studies with14C-glutamate,14C-α-ketoglutarate, and14C-glycine into ALA showed a 77, 92, and 91% inhibition, respectively, in barley shoots treated with 1 mM glyphosate. Incorporation of14C-ALA into chlorophyllawas not affected by 1 mM glyphosate. Thus, the site of action of glyphosate may involve two enzyme pathways:one controlling the conversion of α-ketoglutarate to ALA, and the other controlling the condensation of glycine with succinyl CoA to form ALA and carbon dioxide. Inhibition of ALA synthesis blocks synthesis of chlorophyll, as well as all other porphyrin ring compounds found in higher plants. Thus, inhibition of ALA synthesis may be an integral component of the herbicidal mode of action of glyphosate.

Studies on Maize (Zea mays) at Bunda, Malawi. I. Yield in Relation to Rainfall

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. MacColl
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

SUMMARYYields of maize were determined in six years, on two soils, at up to four nitrogen levels following early and late planting. Without fertilizer nitrogen, high rainfall at the beginning of the growing season reduced yield on one soil but not on the other, while high rainfall at late silking and high total rainfall in the growing season reduced yields on both soils. As the level of fertilizer nitrogen increased, the negative effects of rainfall on yield tended to disappear. A three week delay in planting sometimes increased and sometimes decreased yield. The probable reasons for the observed effects of rainfall on yield are discussed.

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