scholarly journals Investigations on root and stem rot diseases of oat (Avena sativa L.) with a special regard to temperature and rainfalls

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-107
Author(s):  
Irena Kiecana ◽  
Elżbieta Mielniczuk ◽  
Małgorzata Cegiełko ◽  
Piotr Pszczółkowski
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Ripe Stage

Investigations were carried out in 1996-2000 in the Experimental Station of Cultivars Evaluation in Uhnin. Disease symptoms were recorded twice - in the seedling stage (18 in the Tottman's scale) and in milk ripe stage (77 in the Tottman's scale) of oat. The seedlings with root and sheath necrosis or plants with diseased stem base were obtained every year. The percentage of diseased seedlings ranged from 6,0 to 39,5. and percentage of older plants with necrotic stripes on lower internodes ranged from 11,5 to 5O,0.Results of mycological analysis of diseased plants showed that <i>Fusarium</i> spp., especially <i>F.avenaceum</i> and <i>F.culmorum</i> were isolated the most frequently, <i>F.avenaceum</i> was obtained in the seasons with different weather conditions. This indicates great tolerance of this fungus to temperature and humidity. In the seasons with high temperature F.culmorum was predominant. This species also can be tolerant to changing weather conditions. Warm and wet weather was favourable for oat infection by <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i>. <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> was isolated from plants in milk ripe stage in each vegetation seasons. and from seedlings in years 1998 and 1999.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and rainfall on participation of the pathogens causing root and stem rot in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Łacicowa ◽  
Danuta Pięta
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Field experiments conducted in the years 1990-1995 were localized at the Plaiit Cultivation Station, Ulhówek to repeat the cultivation of spring barley cultivars Roland and Lot. In conditions of monoculture, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium culmorum were of the foremost importance in causing root and stem rot. The proportion of infected plants did not increase with time. Depending on the period of vegetation and the cultivar, the percentage of seedlings with necrosis symptoms ranged from 6% to 53,5% and that of stem base rot from 14% to 59%. In the case of both cultivars. root and stem rot was especially intensive in the third successive season of vegetation, i, e,. in 1992. That season was characterized by warm and wet weather conditions. favourable for the infection of seedlings by <em>B.sorokiniane</em> during the period of six weeks after the sowing of grain. Bipolaris sorokiniana always had the greatest proportion in the infction of spring barley but not in the seasons distinguished by hot and dry weather conditions. On the other hand, during dry and hot weather conditions the only or the dominating fungus obtained from the infcted stem base after the heading of spring barley was F. culmorum. In conditions of monoculture, favourable for root and stem rot of spring barley, the temperature and rainfalls clearly distinguished the proportion of B. sorokiniana and F. culmorum in plant infection.

Water quality of Tampa Bay, Florida : wet-weather conditions, October 1971

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl R. Goodwin ◽  
Joseph S. Rosenshein ◽  
D.M. Michaelis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Tampa Bay ◽  
Wet Weather

Analysis of the Ventilation Effects on Radon-222 Exhalation in a Dead-End Tunnel

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 304-313
Author(s):  
Shu Guang Wang ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
Jian Hua Chen ◽  
Cong Han
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Radon Exhalation Rate ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Radon Exhalation ◽  
Exhaust Ventilation ◽  
Dead End

The regularity of radon exhalation rate in the over-broken granite tunnel is susceptible to weather conditions and ventilation styles. Based on the calculation model of radon exhalation in tunnel, some experiments have been carried out to analyze the variations of radon exhalation in cases of natural ventilation, blowing ventilation and exhaust ventilation separately. The results show that there is a linear relation between the radon exhalation and the natural ventilation quantity, and also between the radon exhalation and the ambient temperature; the radon exhalation in the case of exhaust ventilation is 63% higher than that in the blowing case under the condition of the same ventilation quantity and ambient temperature. Therefore, it is suggested that operation in the tunnel in high temperature be avoided in summer, and the blowing ventilation be adopted as an effective way for ventilation.

Septoria antirrhini. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria antirrhini. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot, leaf drying, defoliation. HOSTS: Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum, A. majus, A. siculum (Scrophulariaceae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: South Africa. NORTH AMERICA: Canada, USA. SOUTH AMERICA: Chile, Colombia. ASIA: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Iran, Israel. AUSTRALASIA: Australia, New Zealand. EUROPE: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by airborne, splash-dispersed conidia from infected plant debris and seed stocks. The disease is significantly more severe under wet weather conditions (SINADSKIY et al., 1985).

scholarly journals Stem Rot on Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HGI in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suli Sun ◽  
Changjian Xia ◽  
Jiqing Zhang ◽  
Canxing Duan ◽  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Vigna Angularis

scholarly journals Biometeorological phases influence pedestrian trauma

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gajic ◽  
Dragan Milojevic ◽  
Aleksandar Raskovic ◽  
Jasminka Smailagic ◽  
Nela Djonovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
Cold Fronts ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
The City

Introduction. Biometeorological circumstances have a big influence on all traffic participants, especially reflexes, moving coordination and perception ability. With a lower attention and drivers? and pedestrians? concentration, there was a larger amount of pedestrian trauma in certain biometeorological phases. Objective. The aim of this study was to establish the correlation between pedestrian trauma and biometeorological phases. Methods. The comparative analysis of everyday biometeorological phases for the city of Kragujevac determined by RHMI and the evidence of knocked-down pedestrians from the Kragujevac traffic police for the period 2003-2008. Results. There were 6,127 accidents, with 696 knocked pedestrians in 666 (10.87%) accidents. Most of them happened in 2003 (135), and the fewest in 2005 (90). Most accidents were during December (74), the fewest were in June (46). The fewest accidents were during 04-05-06 hour interval (by 2), most during 13-14 hours (61). There were 374 males and 349 females. Most of the males (by 60) were 0-10 and 11-20 years old, most of the females (74) were 11-20 years old. There were 443 pedestrians who suffered slight body injuries (112 were 11-20), 225 suffered heavy and 28 had lethal injuries (most over 70). As provokers, the pedestrians suffered because of improper crossing roads (185), while as a casualties, they suffered due to speeding of vechicles (285). Most accidents happened in biometeorological phases 4 (168) and 9 (151), the fewest in phase 10 (4). Conclussion. Statistical analysis shows a significant correlation between pedestrians? accidents and biometeorological phases, when the most accidents occurred during penetrations of cold fronts, while there was a sudden switch of weather conditions from warm-dry to cold-wet weather.

Induction of thermodormancy in Avena sativa seeds

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Corbineau ◽  
M. Black ◽  
D. Côme
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Primary Dormancy

AbstractFreshly harvested oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds are considered to be dormant because they are unable to germinate at relatively high temperatures (above 20°–25°C). This primary dormancy results partly from the structures surrounding or adjacent to the embryo (pericarp, testa and endosperm) and partly lies in the embryo itself. Incubation of imbibed dormant seeds at 30°C induces a thermodormancy which is expressed as germination in a narrower temperature range. Induction of thermodormancy is apparent after 3–8 hours at 30°C, is optimal after about 1–2 days at this temperature, but diminishes with longer treatment times. Although whole grains become more dormant as a result of such treatment, the embryos themselves become less dormant, therefore the tissues covering or adjacent to the embryos must have become more inhibiting or the embryos have become more sensitive to their inhibitory action. The germination and sensitivity to ABA or oxygen of embryos isolated from such seeds are no longer so dependent on temperature. The effect of high temperature on primary dormancy and induction of thermodormancy is discussed with reference to sensitivity to ABA and temperature.

scholarly journals First Report of Stem Rot of Dracaena Caused by Aspergillus niger in Iran

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Abbasi ◽  
Faezeh Aliabadi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
First Report ◽  
Dracaena Sanderiana

Specimen plants of Dracaena sanderiana showing stem rot symptoms were collected from a local market in Tehran. Aspergillus niger was isolated from all diseased plants. Healthy greenhouse plants were inoculated and developed disease symptoms. The authors were able to isolate A. niger from all inoculated plants. This is believed to be the first report of A. nigercausing stem rot of D. sanderiana in Iran. Accepted for publication 26 November 2007. Published 12 February 2008.

The influence of biodegradability of sewer solids for the management of CSOs

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sakrabani ◽  
R.M. Ashley ◽  
J. Vollertsen
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Sediment Erosion ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Utilisation Rate ◽  
Laboratory Device ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Oxygen Utilisation ◽  
Wet Weather

The re-suspension of sediments in combined sewers and the associated pollutants into the bulk water during wet weather flows can cause pollutants to be carried further downstream to receiving waters or discharged via Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO). A typical pollutograph shows the trend of released bulk pollutants with time but does not consider information on the biodegradability of these pollutants. A new prediction methodology based on Oxygen Utilisation Rate (respirometric method) and Erosionmeter (laboratory device replicating in-sewer erosion) experiments is proposed which is able to predict the trends in biodegradability during in-sewer sediment erosion in wet weather conditions. The proposed new prediction methodology is also based on COD fractionation techniques.

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