scholarly journals The effect of temperature and rainfall on participation of the pathogens causing root and stem rot in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Łacicowa ◽  
Danuta Pięta
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Field experiments conducted in the years 1990-1995 were localized at the Plaiit Cultivation Station, Ulhówek to repeat the cultivation of spring barley cultivars Roland and Lot. In conditions of monoculture, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium culmorum were of the foremost importance in causing root and stem rot. The proportion of infected plants did not increase with time. Depending on the period of vegetation and the cultivar, the percentage of seedlings with necrosis symptoms ranged from 6% to 53,5% and that of stem base rot from 14% to 59%. In the case of both cultivars. root and stem rot was especially intensive in the third successive season of vegetation, i, e,. in 1992. That season was characterized by warm and wet weather conditions. favourable for the infection of seedlings by <em>B.sorokiniane</em> during the period of six weeks after the sowing of grain. Bipolaris sorokiniana always had the greatest proportion in the infction of spring barley but not in the seasons distinguished by hot and dry weather conditions. On the other hand, during dry and hot weather conditions the only or the dominating fungus obtained from the infcted stem base after the heading of spring barley was F. culmorum. In conditions of monoculture, favourable for root and stem rot of spring barley, the temperature and rainfalls clearly distinguished the proportion of B. sorokiniana and F. culmorum in plant infection.

Response to Fusarium culmorum inoculation in barley

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Vančo ◽  
Svetlana Šliková ◽  
Valéria Šudyova ◽  
Antónia Šrobárová
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
High Infection

AbstractIn field tests replicated in 2004 and 2005, 32 cultivars of spring barley were assessed for resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) by single floret inoculation and spray inoculation with Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. It was found that the weather conditions in individual years affect to a large extent the progression of FHB and production of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). At the same time, in both years the cultivars reacted to F. culmorum infection similarly with respect to areas under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values and content of mycotoxin DON. Spraying inoculation led to stronger infection. The biggest differences in AUDPC values were observed between the cultivars Brise and Celinka, and weak reaction was found in the cultivars Kompakt and Madonna. The cultivars Kompakt and Tolar were most resistant towards FHB. In both monitored years the variety Ludan contained the lowest amounts of mycotoxin DON. Cultivars with high infection and low DON content (r = 0.78) showed weak positive relationship between resistance to FBH and accumulation of DON (concentration 70–200 mg/kg). This is the first information on FHB and in vivo concentrations of DON in certificated barley cultivars in Slovakia.

Mixture performance of phenotypically contrasting barley cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. C. Essah ◽  
N. C. Stoskopf
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Spike Number

There is lack of information on the yield and yield component performance of same-row and alternate-row mixtures (SRM and ARM) of widely contrasting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) phenotypes. Therefore, four phenotypically contrasting spring barley cultivars, each selected to represent a unique combination of spike type (two-row or six-row), height (short or tall) and days to maturity (early or late) were used in 1991 and 1992 in field experiments at the Elora Research Station in Ontario, Canada, with the objective of determining whether a yield and/or yield-component advantage could be associated with same-row or alternate-row mixtures of barley cultivars. The four cultivars chosen for the study were each grown as monocrops, and in all six possible binary (two-cultivar) mixture combinations as same-row or alternate-row mixtures, in a randomized complete block design. A 13% yield increase of early, short:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent (weighted mean of the components grown in monocrop) yield in 1991, and 14% yield increase of early, tall:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent yield in 1992 was observed. Between the 2 yr, cultivars in ARM produced similar or significantly greater yields than the monocrop yields, except in 1991, when the late, short cultivar in ARM with early, tall cultivar produced significantly lower yields than in monocrop. The spike number m–2 was similar for all mixtures and their midcomponents, except in 1992, when early, short:late, short in ARM produced 7.0% more spikes than the midcomponent. The results of this study indicate a possible yield advantage of phenotypically contrasting barley mixtures compared to monocrops, with early, short:late, tall and early, tall:late, tall in same-row mixtures having the best combining abilities. Key words: Barley, phenotypes; mixture, same row; mixture, alternate-row; maturity; height

scholarly journals Application of widely used fungicides does not necessarily affect grain yield, and incidence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins DON, HT-2 and T-2 in spring barley in northern climates

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Karron ◽  
Eve Runno-Paurson ◽  
Heino Lõiveke ◽  
Bulat Islamov ◽  
Mary-Liis Kütt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
Main Factor

Fungicides are widely used to reduce Fusarium infections and grain contamination by mycotoxins and increase the yield in cereals, but the efficacy of fungicide treatments in varying climates has not been systematically explored. Field experiments with Estonian spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. ‘Maali’ were carried out in three successive years 2012–2014 with strongly varying weather conditions to study the effects of three fungicides, Folicur (active ingredient tebuconazole), Falcon Forte (prothioconazole, tebuconazole, spiroxamine) and Archer Top (fenpropidin, propiconazole), on the yield, incidence of Fusarium spp. and on the contamination of grain with mycotoxins DON, HT-2 and T-2. The fungicides were sprayed once a year at spring barley flowering time. The weather conditions during the three years of study were extremely different. The content of cycotoxin DON, HT2 and T2 was low. The spraying with fungicides had not a clear effect on the barley yield and 1 000 kernel weight, and the study year was primarily the main factor that affected barley yield (p<0.05) and 1 000 kernel weight (p<0.05). The impact of year together with fungicide treatment had a significant effect on the incidence of Fusarium spp. (p<0.05) and on the incidence of mycotoxin DON in barley kernels (p<0.001), but did not have a clear effect on the incidence of mycotoxins HT2 and T2.

scholarly journals Resistance to Fusarium head blight in spring barley

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chrpová ◽  
V. Šíp ◽  
L. Štočková ◽  
L. Stemberková ◽  
L. Tvarůžek
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Medium Resistance

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease causing substantial yield and quality losses in barley. Genetic variation in deoxynivalenol (DON) content and and important yield traits in response to FHB were studied in 44 spring barley cultivars for two years following artificial inoculation with Fusarium culmorum under field conditions. The analysis of variance revealed that the largest effect on DON content and simultaneously on the reduction of thousand grain weight and grain weight per spike were due to the environmental conditions of the year, while the visual disease symptoms depended on the cultivars to a larger extent. All these traits were significantly interrelated. The most resistant cultivars Murasski mochi, Nordic, Krasnodarskij 35, Krasnodarskij 95, Nordus, and Usurijskij 8, together with the resistant check Chevron, showed the lowest DON content, the lowest expression of disease symptoms and the lowest reduction of TGW and GWS. However, most spring barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic in recent years expressed susceptibility or medium resistance and were considerably affected by the disease. This increases the importance of breeding barley for resistance to FHB.

EFFECTS OF GROWING BARLEY CONTINUOUSLY ON YIELDS, CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS, AND DISEASE PREVALENCE

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314
Author(s):  
R. V. CLARK ◽  
A. R. MACK
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
General Level ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Forage Yields

Seed and forage yields of three barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown on the same land for 4 yr after fallow without fertilizer declined annually by 12–15%. Decline in yield occurred also with moderate to high rates of fertilization (335 and 670 kg/ha of 10-4-8) in high yielding years but not in low yielding years. Under continuous cropping, the osil NO3-N increased, the pH and NaHCO3-extractable P remained at the same general level, and exchangeable K decreased. The decrease in yields after the first barley crop on fallow land was accompanied generally by a decrease in foliage N and K concentration and some increase in the P concentration. Disease prevalence varied each year but, with the possible exception of leaf spot caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kurib.) Drechsl. ex Dastur, did not increase with continuous cropping. Loose smut Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr.) increased rapidly for 2 yr on the cultivar York and then decreased. It appeared to be affected more by weather conditions than by number of years in continuous barley.

Effect of cultivar and agronomic management on feed barley production in Alberta environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1320
Author(s):  
L.A. Thompson ◽  
S.M. Strydhorst ◽  
L.M. Hall ◽  
R.C. Yang ◽  
D. Pauly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Static Yield ◽  
High Precipitation

The area sown to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Alberta, Canada, and the rate of yield increase relative to other major crops have declined in recent decades. Advanced agronomic management of feed barley may increase the seeded area and differentially influence cultivar performance. Field experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2016 at 11 rainfed and three irrigated environments in Alberta to evaluate the performance of 10 feed barley cultivars under standard and advanced agronomic management. Advanced management included supplemental postemergence N, the plant growth regulator chlormequat chloride, and two foliar fungicide applications. Cultivars responded similarly to management in the low disease pressure environments encountered in the study. The two-row cultivars CDC Austenson, Xena, and CDC Coalition were the highest yielding overall, while Champion had the greatest yields in moisture-limited environments. The feed grain quality of two-row cultivars was superior to six-row cultivars. Recently released six-row cultivars were among the lowest yielding. Negative or static yield increases were observed for all newer cultivars (2006–2013 registrations) compared with the older cultivar, Xena (2000 registration). In comparison, the overall 9.3% yield increase from advanced management was notable. Advanced management yield increases were greater (8%–18%) in environments with 251–502 mm of precipitation and smaller (1%–3%) in moisture-limited environments. Management had negligible effects on lodging and grain quality. Optimal yield and quality were achieved with the two-row cultivars, CDC Austenson, Xena, or CDC Coalition, and advanced management in high precipitation environments. In environments with less precipitation, optimal yields were achieved with Champion and standard management.

Yield and quality of forage from intercrops of barley and annual ryegrass

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Thompson ◽  
D. G. Stout ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
T. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
South Central

Three spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and four annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) types were intercropped to evaluate the potential yield and quality of forage which can be produced under irrigation in southern interior B.C. All treatments were intercrops; when barley cultivar effects are described they are averaged over the ryegrasses and vice versa. Barley cultivars differed in grain maturity. Ryegrass cultivars included diploid and tertraploid Italian and Westerwolds types. Intercrops including late grain maturing barley cultivars (Samson and Virden) increased the yield of the first silage cut (both by 25% over 2 yr) compared to Diamond, a medium-maturing cultivar adapted to the area. Intercrops containing the semi-dwarf barley, Samson, produced more digestible forage including higher in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and lower ADF and lignin. Annual ryegrass yield in the first cut intercropped with Samson was almost twice that with either Diamond or Virden, showing that Samson barley is less competitive. Second-cut yield (ryegrass regrowth) was greater for tetraploid than diploid annual ryegrasses. Yields of fall pasture (cuts 3 and 4) were similar among ryegrass cultivars. Cuts 2 and 3 (ryegrass only) of Italian ryegrasses had superior quality (higher IVDDM and protein; and lower ADF, lignin, and NDF) to Westerwolds ryegrassses, but all cultivars had similar quality in the late fall (Cut 4). It was concluded that a range of barley and annual ryegrass cultivars can be successfully intercropped to produce forage in south central B.C.Key words: Intercropping, barley annual ryegrass, forage yield and quality

A reappraisal of stem reserve contribution to grain yield in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Daniels ◽  
M. B. Alcock ◽  
D. H. Scarisbrick
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Stem Reserves

SUMMARYPre-anthesis stem reserve contribution to grain yield was assessed in two spring barley cultivars of contrasting height. It was greatest in the taller, but final grain yields were similar. Partitioning of total reserve capacity to various plant parts showed that the leaf and sheath below the peduncle were most important, followed by stem internodes which had increasing reserve capacity up to internode 4.It is suggested that stem reserves are valuable for yields commonly achieved in U.K. commercial practice.High grain yields were associated with large positive increases in stem dry weight after anthesis. This would indicate that the source capacity to boost yield is more than proportional to that required to fill the grain alone.

TOLERANCE OF SPRING BARLEY TO TRIFLURALIN DEEP-INCORPORATED IN THE FALL OR SPRING

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
D. FRIESEN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Early Injury ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Delayed Growth ◽  
Fall Application

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 to investigate the tolerance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Galt’) seeded 5 cm deep in a Ponoka loam soil treated with trifluralin. There were eight rates of application from 0 to 3 kg/ha applied in fall and spring and incorporated by means of a rototiller set to till to a depth of 10 cm. All data were analyzed by regression. Gas chromatographic analysis of extracts of soil samples collected in the spring following fall application of trifluralin (0.0–3.0 kg/ha) indicated that approximately 45% of the herbicide was lost regardless of rate applied. Fall application of trifluralin up to 3 kg/ha and spring application up to 1.1 kg/ha did not adversely affect the numbers of barley seedlings that emerged. Trifluralin treatments within the rate range 0.85–1.4 kg/ha caused severe early injury (delayed growth) to barley, the magnitude of which varied with the season and year of application. Fall application caused less injury than the respective spring application during both years. With fall or spring applications up to 1.3 kg/ha or 1.0 kg/ha, respectively, barley yields were not reduced compared to the untreated control. With fall application at 1.4 kg/ha barley yield was reduced in one of the two years. Rates in excess of 1.8 kg/ha caused significant yield reductions with all treatments. The data indicate that trifluralin could be used as a deep-incorporated fall or spring treatment at rates up to 1.3 or 1.0 kg/ha, respectively for weed control in barley in central Alberta. Fall application would improve the safety to the crop. Barley could also be seeded into soil where trifluralin (1.4 kg/ha) was applied as a fall treatment for weed control in rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. and Brassica napus L.), but some loss of yield could be expected.Key words: Trifluralin rate, soil incorporation, barley, tolerance

scholarly journals Assessment of yield, plasticity and stability of spring barley cultivars grown in the European North of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Olga Borisovna Batakova ◽  
Valentina Aleksandrovna Korelina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
European North ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Level

In recent years, modern agroclimatic environmental conditions in the European North of the Russian Federation are determined by constant fluctuations of biotic and abiotic factors, which require a high level of plasticity and stability of crop yield and quantitative characteristics from cultivars used in agricultural production. Therefore, determining the plant response to changing environmental factors in order to select the most promising breeding seeds, is an important task for breeders. The research was conducted on experimental field of N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in the nursery of competitive variety testing in 20172019. Cultivars of spring barley of local selection were studied. Indicators of cultivar plasticity and stability were calculated by the method of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Rassell (1966), the indicator of genetic flexibility by the method of R.A. Udachin (1990). Various weather conditions during the research period enabled to evaluate the breeding material comprehensively. The hydrothermal coefficient (according to G.T. Selyaninov) varied from 1.85 to 3.06 during the research years. Ten cultivar samples of spring barley were analyzed to identify a plastic stable genotype. As a result, a high level of stability was shown by samples k-037712 (Ϭ2 = 0.01), k-038404 (Ϭ2 = 0.02). Samples with a neutral genotype were identified: k-039257, k-036982 (bi 1) and a sample weakly responding to environmental changes k-038806 (bi = 0.23). The bi value is very close to 1 in Kotlassky cultivar, which shows a high ecological plasticity. Sample k-038806 has the lowest coefficient of linear regression (0.23), therefore, it is suitable for cultivation on unfertilized soils. The selected genetic sources will be used in breeding to develop highly productive cultivars of spring barley for the conditions of the European North of the Russian Federation.

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