The influence of simplified on reserve of weeds in erodible loess soil

In the paper the influence of diferent simplified tillage per number and seeds botanical composition of weeds in 0-25 cm of soil layer under plants crop rotation (potato-spring barley-winter rape-winter wheat) on erodible loess soil was presented. The simplifications in soil tillage relied on replaceing ploughing by cultivation, rotary cultivator tillage or Gramoxone formula. The replaceing ploughing by cultivations or rotary cultivator tillage especially bringing in chemical tillage instead of after-harvest cultivation increasing the number of weeds seed under all plants excluding spring barley. Resource of weeds seed under all plants of crop rotation were formated mainly by short duration species, especially Chenopodium album and Viola arvensis as well as Stellaria media (potato, barley, wheat) and Veronica persica (wheat). It was proven that the number of weeds seed in 0-25 cm of soil layer on erodible loess slope depended from plant species more than the way of soil tillage.

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Present and potential weed infestation of spring cereals in different cropping system

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2001.015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 175-190

Author(s):

Andrzej Wesołowski ◽

Andrzej Woźniak

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Cropping System ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Weed Infestation

This paper presents the results of investigations on the weed infestation and vertical distribution of weed seed bank in rendzina under spring cereals cultivation in crop rotations and monoculture. Used herbicides (MCPA and fenoxaprop-P-etylu) decreased the number of weeds and species composition in comparison with harrowing. In the soil layer of 0-25 cm used in the monoculture there was found about 22,9% weed seeds more than in crop rotation. In the canopy of spring cereals the following weeds dominated: in crop rotation - Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli and Veronica persica; and in monoculture - Stellaria media, Galium aparine and Chenopodium album. In the soil layer of 0-25 cm used in crop rotation and monoculture the following weed seeds dominated : Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Stellaria media.

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Effect of simplified tillage and mineral fertilization on weed infestation of potato growing on loess soil

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2006.088 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 345-352

Author(s):

Karol Bujak ◽

Mariusz Frant

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Loess Soil ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Potato Field ◽

Botanical Composition ◽

Equisetum Arvense ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Fertilization Level

In the paper effect of limitation of postharvest measure to single cultivating or disking of soil and mineral fertilization level on number, air-dry matter and botanical composition of weeds in the potato-field is presented. Simplifield postharvest measure was increasing insignificantly and more intensive fertilization was limiting the weed infestation of potato-field. Decteasing of weeds number increasing fertilization was ststistically significant. Dominating species of weeds in the potato-field were Capsella bursa-pastoris, Poa annua, Viola arvensis, Chenopodium album, Elymus repens i Equisetum arvense.

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Crop rotation yield depending on from the receptions of biologization

Agrarian science ◽

10.32634/0869-8155-2021-344-1-121-124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 344 (1) ◽

pp. 121-124

Author(s):

E. V. Seminchenko

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Humus Content ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

Negative Balance ◽

Pure Steam

Among the methods of cultivation that increase the productivity of crops, a prominent role is assigned to crop rotation. In a properly constructed crop rotation, the efficiency of all agrotechnical methods aimed at improving the use of land increases, the biological needs of crops are satisfied, the rational use of technology is achieved, and the cost of production is reduced [1]. The soils are low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in potassium. The humus content is 1.2–2.0%, pH = 7–8. Studies have shown that green manure (sweet clover, oats, phacelia) have a positive effect on the balance of organic matter. The negative balance of organic matter is noted for pure steam. The stock of productive moisture in the 0–0.3 cm soil layer varied from 4.1 to 29.5 mm for winter wheat, 28.1–32.7 mm for chickpea and 28–35.3 mm for spring barley, depending on the weather conditions. conditions and methods of biologization. On average, over three years, the highest yield was in winter wheat for a busy fallow (phacelia) and amounted to 1.0 t/ha, which depended on weather conditions. A reliable correlation was revealed for the factors of yield-precipitation; temperature; batteries, etc.

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CHANGE IN THE AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM DEPENDING ON MINIMIZING THE BASIC SOIL TILLAGE

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/2073-0462-2019-38-42 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 42-47

Author(s):

Mars Ilyasov ◽

Irina Suhanova ◽

Liliya Bikkinina ◽

Valentin Sidorov

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Small Scale ◽

Leached Chernozem ◽

Primary Tillage ◽

Fertilizer System

The possibility of minimizing the main tillage in crop rotation, the use of a fertilizer system in order to develop methods for increasing productivity and improving agrophysical characteristics on leached chernozem of the Republic of Tatarstan is investigated. The stationary field experience in crop rotation was laid in 2016 on a busy pair (vetch-oat mix), where various systems of primary tillage were studied: annual dump plowing - control option; dump plowing, planar loosening, longline plowing, chisel loosening - in subsequent years by surface peeling. The data obtained in field experiments indicate that, using various primary tillage and fertilizer systems, agrophysical properties can be regulated, and conditions can be created for the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility of leached chernozem. The organic and mineral fertilizer system contributed to an increase in the moisture content in the meter soil layer by 2.1-16.1 mm compared to the mineral fertilizer system. Studies have shown that the introduction of manure at a rate of 60 tons per hectare before rotation of the crop rotation in 2016 contributed to a decrease in bulk density in the 0-40 cm layer compared to the LSG to 0.04 g/cm3. The water permeability of the soil depended on the depth and system of tillage, its moisture content and the crop grown. The use of a tiered soil cultivation system contributed to an increase in wheat yields for both fertilizer backgrounds by 0.8 tons per hectare (OMSU) and 0.7 tons per hectare (MSU), respectively, in comparison with the control variant. Calculations showed that the use of longline plowing in combination with small-scale processing using the organic-mineral fertilizer system ensured a reduction in the cost of main products compared to traditional waste processing to 12%, a net income growth from 1 ha to 15% and a profitability level to 22% .

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The effect of soil conservation tillage on soil moisture dynamics under single cropping and crop rotation

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/3564-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 124-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

K. Kováč ◽

M. Macák ◽

M. Švančárková

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Soil Moisture Dynamics ◽

No Till ◽

Moisture Dynamics

During 1993–1995 the effect of conventional tillage, reduced till, mulch till and no-till technology on soil moisture dynamics has been studied in field experiment on Haplic chernozems near Pie&scaron;ťany. The tillage treatments were evaluated under a single cropping of maize and spring barley – common peas – winter wheat crop rotation. Soil samples for gravimetric determination of moisture content were collected from six layers up to 0.8 m, three times per year (April–July). The soil moisture was highly significantly influenced in order of importance by date of sampling, year, growing crops, tillage treatments, soil layer and by interactions year × crops, year × date of sampling, crops × date of sampling, tillage × date of sampling, year × tillage, date of sampling × layer and significant influences by interactions, tillage × crops. The soil under conventional tillage had significantly higher moisture content than tested reduced till, mulch till and no-till treatments. The significant influence of maize stand on better soil humidity condition (16.35%) in comparison to crops grown in a crop rotation (in average 14.10%) has been ascertained.

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Population density and soil seed bank of weed beet as influenced by crop sequence and soil tillage

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/1457-pse ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 541-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Landová ◽

K. Hamouzová ◽

J. Soukup ◽

M. Jursík ◽

J. Holec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Late Summer ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Beet Root

Dynamics of population density and soil seed bank of weed beet was studied in a 5 year crop rotation consisting of spring barley, and sugar beet. Beside the crop rotation experiment, the seeds of weed beet were studied for their dormancy and viability in soil seed bank over the period of four years. The obtained data indicates that weed beet was able to produce seeds only in sugar beet, but not in barley. In sugar beet, its reproductive potential allows weed beet to restore and increase the soil seed bank of glomerules rapidly. Common infestation of sugar beet is able to persist over more than the 2-year period between repeated introductions of sugar beet in crop rotation. The experiment has also proven the negative effect of weed beet presence on sugar beet yield. The sugar beet root yield decreased of 0.4 t/ha with every 1000 weed beet plants per hectare. The yearly loss of viable seeds was about 75%. The number of surviving seeds decreased exponentially in time. Less than 2% of seeds remained viable after three years in the soil. Seasonal fluctuations of seed dormancy were observed. Seeds were dormant in autumn, lost dormancy in winter and recovered it in late summer.

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Diversity of segetal weeds in pea (Pisum sativum L.) depending on crops chosen for a crop rotation system

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2014.008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 55-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta K. Kostrzewska ◽

Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽

Kinga Treder ◽

Maria Wanic

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Species Composition ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Research Station ◽

Weed Species ◽

Rotation System ◽

Density And Biomass ◽

Dominance Indices

This study, lasting from 1999 to 2006, was conducted at the Research Station in Tomaszkowo, which belongs to the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The experiment was set up on brown rusty soil classified as good rye complex 5 in the Polish soil valuation system. The analysis comprised weeds in fields sown with pea cultivated in two four-field crop rotation systems with a different first crop: A. potato – spring barley – pea – spring barley; B. mixture of spring barley with pea – spring barley – pea – spring barley. Every year, at the 2–3 true leaf stage of pea, the species composition and density of individual weed species were determined; in addition, before harvesting the main crop, the dry matter of weeds was weighed. The results were used to analyze the constancy of weed taxa, species diversity, and the evenness and dominance indices, to determine the relationships between all biological indicators analyzed and weather conditions, and to calculate the indices of similarity, in terms of species composition, density and biomass of weeds, between the crop rotations compared.The species richness, density and biomass of weeds in fields with field pea were not differentiated by the choice of the initial crop in a given rotation system. In the spring, the total number of identified taxa was 28 and it increased to 36 before the harvest of pea plants. Chenopodium album and Echinochloa crus-galli were the most numerous. Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli, Sonchus arvensis, Fallopia convolvulus and Viola arvensis were constant in all treatments, regardless of what the first crop in rotation was or when the observations were made.The species diversity and the evenness and species dominance indices varied significantly between years and dates of observations. Species diversity calculated on the basis of the density of weed species was higher in the rotation with a mixture of cereals and legumes, while that calculated on the basis of weed biomass was higher in the system with potato. The similarity indices, which express the convergence of floristic composition as well as of the density and biomass of weeds growing in pea fields in the two crop rotation systems compared, were within a broad range (42–86%). The biodiversity of weed communities was more closely correlated to total precipitation than to air temperature.

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Uptake of more important mineral components by common field weeds on loess soils

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1986.012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 129-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leszek Malicki ◽

Czesława Berbeciowa

Keyword(s):

Spring Barley ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Sugar Beets ◽

Polygonum Convolvulus ◽

Mineral Components ◽

Sonchus Arvensis

We have determined the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in winter wheat, spring barley, sugar beets and winter rape, as well as in the most common weed species infesting these crops. It was established that the percentage of mineral components in the dry matter of the majority of weeds is higher than in that of the cultivated plants. The most dangerous weed species competing with plants for the investigated nutrients were: Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum convolvulus, Sonchus arvensis and Stellaria media.

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Efficiency of crop rotation under long-term application of basic tillage systems

Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science ◽

10.26898/0370-8799-2020-4-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

N. V. Perfilyev ◽

O. A. Vyushina

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Net Income ◽

Tillage Systems

An assessment is given of the long-term impact of basic tillage systems of various degrees of intensity on the yield and economic efficiency of production in the cultivation of cereals in grainfallow crop rotation. The study was carried out in 2017–2019 in a long-term stationary experiment on dark grey forest heavy loamy soil in Tyumen region. The experiments were carried out during the seventh rotation of the grain-fallow crop rotation: bare fallow – winter rye – spring wheat – spring wheat – spring barley, spread in time and space. In years with high temperatures and good rainfall, close to the average annual rainfall, resource-saving tillage systems with disk harrowing BDT-2.5 by 10-12 cm and stubble-mulch tillage by 12-14 cm with and without fertilizers led to a decrease in winter rye yield by 0.30-0.98 t/ha. Wheat yield against winter rye and barley was close to the variant with the moldboard tillage. There was a decrease in the yield of wheat sown repeatedly without the use of fertilizers by 0.04-0.40 t/ha. When fertilizers were used, the yield was equal to the control. The moldboard tillage without fertilizers was the most effective, with the net income of 14.92 thousand rubles/ha. Combined and surface soil tillage systems were similar in efficiency to the moldboard tillage (inferior by 4.3-6.6%). The most effective cultivation of cereals with the use of fertilizers was by minimum combined tillage with alternating plowing and disk harrowing, with the net income of 17.74 thousand rubles/ha, which was 13.4% higher compared to moldboard plowing. Differentiated, stubble-mulch and combined tillage brought the net income close to the control. In the remaining options studied, the net income was lower than with the moldboard tillage: without fertilizers – by 1.26-2.44 thousand rubles/ha (8.5-16.3%), with the use of fertilizers – by 1.02-1.78 thousand rubles/ha (6.5-9.0%).

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Influence of crop rotation and meteorological conditons on biodiversity of weed communities in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2010.025 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 221-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽

Maria Wanic ◽

Marta K. Kostrzewska

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Weed Species ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Winter Triticale ◽

Weed Diversity ◽

Species Diversity Indices ◽

Density And Biomass

The paper presents the analysis of changes in weed biodiversity in spring barley cultivated in the years 1990-2004 in crop rotation with a 25% proportion of this cereal (potato - spring barley - sowing peas - winter triticale), when it was grown after potato, and in crop rotation with its 75% proportion (potato - spring barley - spring barley - spring barley), when it was grown once or twice after spring barley. In the experiment, no weed control was applied. Every year in the spring (at full emergence of the cereal) and before the harvest, the composition of weed species and numbers of particular weed species were determined, and before the harvest also their biomass. On this basis, the constancy of species in particular years, Shannon-Wiener species diversity indices and diversity profiles according to Rényi were determined. Weed species richness increased linearly at all plots during the 15-year period. Chenopodium album was a constant and dominant species in terms of weed species density and biomass year after year. The quality of the plot had no clear influence on the diversity of weeds in barley. Weed density and biomass showed high year-to-year variability and a positive correlation with the amount of precipitation and a negative correlation with temperature during the period of the study. The significance of the correlation between the productivity of barley and weed diversity was not confirmed.

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