CHANGE IN THE AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM DEPENDING  ON MINIMIZING THE BASIC SOIL TILLAGE

The possibility of minimizing the main tillage in crop rotation, the use of a fertilizer system in order to develop methods for increasing productivity and improving agrophysical characteristics on leached chernozem of the Republic of Tatarstan is investigated. The stationary field experience in crop rotation was laid in 2016 on a busy pair (vetch-oat mix), where various systems of primary tillage were studied: annual dump plowing - control option; dump plowing, planar loosening, longline plowing, chisel loosening - in subsequent years by surface peeling. The data obtained in field experiments indicate that, using various primary tillage and fertilizer systems, agrophysical properties can be regulated, and conditions can be created for the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility of leached chernozem. The organic and mineral fertilizer system contributed to an increase in the moisture content in the meter soil layer by 2.1-16.1 mm compared to the mineral fertilizer system. Studies have shown that the introduction of manure at a rate of 60 tons per hectare before rotation of the crop rotation in 2016 contributed to a decrease in bulk density in the 0-40 cm layer compared to the LSG to 0.04 g/cm3. The water permeability of the soil depended on the depth and system of tillage, its moisture content and the crop grown. The use of a tiered soil cultivation system contributed to an increase in wheat yields for both fertilizer backgrounds by 0.8 tons per hectare (OMSU) and 0.7 tons per hectare (MSU), respectively, in comparison with the control variant. Calculations showed that the use of longline plowing in combination with small-scale processing using the organic-mineral fertilizer system ensured a reduction in the cost of main products compared to traditional waste processing to 12%, a net income growth from 1 ha to 15% and a profitability level to 22% .

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FERTILIZATION SYSTEM AS A WAY OF SOIL FERTILITY AND STABILIZATION OF FIELD CROP ROTATION PRODUCTIVENESS

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2020/1/38-41 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 38-41

Author(s):

V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽

E. T. Naumchenko

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Rotation System ◽

Mobile Phosphorus ◽

Crop Rotation System ◽

Fertilizer System

The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers in the crop rotation system. It was found that the application of the mineral fertilizer system increased the value of hydrolytic acidity of the soil from 4,30 to 5,29 mg-eq per 100 g of soil, the indicator of metabolic acidity decreased from 5,2 to 4,9 pH units. By the end of the 11th rotation for both fertilizer systems, the content of mobile phosphorus increased by more than 4 times relative to the initial value, its mobility indicator – by 2,2-3,2 times compared with the control. The use of the organo-mineral system was accompanied by an increase in the content of humus by 0,35 % and a decrease in the C:N ratio from 11,2 to 8,9. The increased productivity of wheat was revealed when applying nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers against the background of prolonged use of the mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer system. The change in wheat productivity by 56 % depended on the content of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, humus in the topsoil, and on the phosphate ion mobility. Soybean productivity depended on soil fertility indicators only by 24 %: the relationship between soybean productivity and the mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus is weak and direct, between productivity and P2O5 mobility - weak and inverse, with humus - moderate and direct.

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Change of the redox potential in the profile of light grey forest surface-gleyed soil under different anthropogenic

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.95.26-29 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (95) ◽

pp. 26-29

Author(s):

O.S. Gavrishko ◽

Yu.M. Olifir ◽

T.V. Partyka

Keyword(s):

Redox Potential ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Gleyed Soil ◽

Agricultural Use ◽

Fertilizer System ◽

And Control ◽

The Given

The results of studies of the change in redox potential in the profile of light gray forest surface-gleyed soil on variants with long-term agricultural use without applying fertilizers and mineral fertilizer system solely compared with the soil under the forest are presented. On the basis of the conducted analyzes it was established, that soil tillage without fertilizer application and with mineral fertilizer solely has a different effect on ROP in the profile. In the soil without fertilization (control) as compared to the forest a moderate oxidizing (514 mV) and slightly oxidizing (437 mV) processes are happening. Prolonged application of mineral fertilizers to the soil (N65R68K68) significantly reduced the redox potential of all genetic horizons compared with forest and control without fertilizers. For the given fertilizer system the highest values of ROP were obtained in arable HEgl and underarable HEgl layers: 426 mV and 416 mV respectively. Redox potential sharply decreases with the depth to 398-311 mV, which characterizes processes occurring in the soil profile, as weakly reducing and close to moderately reducing.

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Weediness and yield of winter wheat depending on the basic elements of farming system

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20201700144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 00144

Author(s):

V. G. Kutilkin ◽

S.N. Zudilin ◽

S. N. Shevchenko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Humus Content ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Farming System ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Ordinary Chernozem ◽

Weed Species ◽

Organic Mineral ◽

Fertilizer System

Through the period of 1977–2018, studies were conducted on three experimental fields of the Samara State Agricultural Academy with the purpose of studying the influence of the basic elements of the farming system on the weediness and the yield of winter wheat. Experimental schemes included the following options: the type of fallow in the crop rotation (black, seeded and green-manured), fertilizer systems (organic-mineral recommended, organic-mineral intensive and organic) and various methods and depths of soil tillage of fallow lands. Observations and surveys were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The soil of the plots was ordinary chernozem and typical medium-thick loamy chernozem (humus content was from 6.0 to 8.3 %, mobile phosphorus was from 90 to 155 mg/kg, exchange potassium was from 129 to 190 mg/kg, pHsalt was from 6.3 to 6.8). Replacing black fallow with seeded or green-manured fallow increased the weediness of crops 1.4–1.6 times and reduces the yield of winter wheat by 0.29–1.03 t/ha. Organic fertilizer systems significantly changed the weed species compositions and contributed to an increase in the number of perennials by a factor of 3.0, and their masses by a factor of 1.3–1.4 in comparison with organic-mineral fertilizer system. Organic-mineral fertilizer systems did not have a significant effect on the yield of winter wheat. The organic fertilizer system led to a slight (0.26–0.31 t/ha) grain shortage compared with organic-mineral. The methods and depths of soil tillage did not have a practically significant effect on the weediness and yield of winter wheat.

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Evaluation of soil tillage systems in maize production

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.53.2005.1.7 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 53-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T. Rátonyi ◽

L. Huzsvai ◽

J. Nagy ◽

A. Megyes

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Land ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Primary Tillage ◽

Direct Drilling

The cultivation technologies for the dominant crops in Hungary need to be improved both in the interests of environmental protection and to reduce cultivation costs. A long-term research project was initiated in order to determine the feasibility of conservation tillage systems. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate conservation farming systems in Hungary in order to achieve more economical and more environment-friendly agricultural land use. Four tillage systems, namely conventional tillage (mouldboard plough), conservation tillage I (primary tillage with a J.D. Disk Ripper), conservation tillage II (primary tillage with a J.D. Mulch Finisher) and no tillage (direct drilling), were compared on a clay loam meadow soil (Vertisol). The physical condition of the experimental soils was evaluated using a hand-operated static cone penetrometer. Parallel with the measurement of penetration resistance, the moisture content of the soil was also determined. The grain yield of maize hybrids (Kincs SC [1999], Occitán SC [2000], Pr 37M34 SC [2001], DeKalb 471 SC [2002]) was measured using a plot combine-harvester. The analysis of soil conditions confirmed that if the cultivation depth and intensity are reduced the compaction of soil layers close to the surface can be expected. The decrease in yields (8-33%) in direct drilling (NT) and shallow, spring cultivated (MF) treatments, despite the higher available water content, can be explained partly by the compacted status of the 15-25 cm soil layer.

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WINTER WHEAT CROP FORMATION, DEPENDING ON THE FERTILIZER SYSTEM WHILE MINIMIZING BASIC TILLAGE

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/3823 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 117-121

Author(s):

Шаронова ◽

Natalya Sharonova ◽

Яппаров ◽

Akhtam Yapparov ◽

Ильясов ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Field Research ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Leached Chernozem ◽

Fertilizer System

The article presents data of field research of fertilizers systems and tillage on heavy leached chernozem at planting winter wheat in the Republic of Tatarstan. The paper shows the positive effects of organomineral fertilizer system on crop growth and quality of winter wheat, compared with mineral fertilizer system. The improvement of water and soil nutrient status was revealed. The layered and chisel tillage systems were the most effective methods. The study showed, that the use of organomineral fertilizer system had a stronger positive impact on the yield and quality of winter wheat, compared with mineral fertilizer system. The most winter wheat yield was obtained by applying the organomineral fertilizer system at layered plowing - 4.49 tons per hectare (the increase relative to the control is 0.64 tons per hectare). The best indicators of water and food regime of leached chernozem also marked at using organomineral fertilizer system, especially in layered tillage .

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The influence of the methods of the main tillage and fertilizers on the agrochemical properties of chernozem

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2019i4pp38-44 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

Tatyana Aleksandrovna Trofimova ◽

Sergey Ivanovich Korzhov ◽

Vladimir Petrovich Belogolovtsev ◽

Sergey Anatolyevich Preymak

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Humus Content ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Short Term ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Surface Distribution ◽

Leached Chernozem ◽

Agrochemical Properties

In experiments carried out on ordinary and leached chernozem, the effect of minimizing the methods of basic tillage and biologization on the fertility of these soils was analyzed. The studies were carried out in stationary and short-term experiments from 1984 to 2017. The effect of various methods and depths of the main tillage, autumn tillage systems, and fertilizers (mineral and organic) on the agrophysical, biological and agrochemical indicators of chernozem was studied. Refusal to carry out farewell processing in grain cultivating crop rotation leads to an increase in the differentiation of the arable layer, a decrease in the fertility of its lower part. The use of annual tillage in the crop rotation resulted in a decrease in the humus content in the soil layer of 0–40 cm by 0.17% (after fertilizers application) and by 0.22% (without fertilizers) compared to the dump processing by 20–22 cm. Organic fertilizers in a complex with minerals during farewell processing promotes an increase in the content of humus in comparison with the surface distribution during surface mulch tillage. A decrease in soil fertility and yield of cultivated crops without dump processing is proved.

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The influence of simplified on reserve of weeds in erodible loess soil

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2006.089 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 353-363

Author(s):

Marian Wesołowski ◽

Karol Bujak

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Loess Soil ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Botanical Composition ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Winter Rape ◽

Loess Slope

In the paper the influence of diferent simplified tillage per number and seeds botanical composition of weeds in 0-25 cm of soil layer under plants crop rotation (potato-spring barley-winter rape-winter wheat) on erodible loess soil was presented. The simplifications in soil tillage relied on replaceing ploughing by cultivation, rotary cultivator tillage or Gramoxone formula. The replaceing ploughing by cultivations or rotary cultivator tillage especially bringing in chemical tillage instead of after-harvest cultivation increasing the number of weeds seed under all plants excluding spring barley. Resource of weeds seed under all plants of crop rotation were formated mainly by short duration species, especially Chenopodium album and Viola arvensis as well as Stellaria media (potato, barley, wheat) and Veronica persica (wheat). It was proven that the number of weeds seed in 0-25 cm of soil layer on erodible loess slope depended from plant species more than the way of soil tillage.

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The effect of soil conservation tillage on soil moisture dynamics under single cropping and crop rotation

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/3564-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 124-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

K. Kováč ◽

M. Macák ◽

M. Švančárková

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Soil Moisture Dynamics ◽

No Till ◽

Moisture Dynamics

During 1993–1995 the effect of conventional tillage, reduced till, mulch till and no-till technology on soil moisture dynamics has been studied in field experiment on Haplic chernozems near Pie&scaron;ťany. The tillage treatments were evaluated under a single cropping of maize and spring barley – common peas – winter wheat crop rotation. Soil samples for gravimetric determination of moisture content were collected from six layers up to 0.8 m, three times per year (April–July). The soil moisture was highly significantly influenced in order of importance by date of sampling, year, growing crops, tillage treatments, soil layer and by interactions year × crops, year × date of sampling, crops × date of sampling, tillage × date of sampling, year × tillage, date of sampling × layer and significant influences by interactions, tillage × crops. The soil under conventional tillage had significantly higher moisture content than tested reduced till, mulch till and no-till treatments. The significant influence of maize stand on better soil humidity condition (16.35%) in comparison to crops grown in a crop rotation (in average 14.10%) has been ascertained.

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EFFECT OF SOIL COMPACTION ON THE POTENTIAL MOISTURE CONTENT OF LEACHED CHERNOZEM

Vestnik scientific and methodological council in environmental engineering and water management ◽

10.26897/2618-8732-2020-68-74 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 68-74

Author(s):

Y.V Bekhovykh ◽

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Soil Layer ◽

External Pressure ◽

Leached Chernozem ◽

Research Goal ◽

Total Capacity ◽

Object Of Study ◽

Total Water Capacity

The research goal was to study effect of soil compaction on potential moisture content. The object of study was leached chernozem of Priobskoye plateau. During the research the following tasks were solved: to study the change in total capacity in the surface layer of soil by repeated external pressure, created under different soil moisture; study the change in total capacity in the surface soil layer from the values of the external pressure created at different soil moisture; to study the dependence of the full moisture capacity of the soil to the density summation. The study revealed that the total water capacity is a function of changes in soil density and indirectly depends on the amount of external pressure, its value and soil moisture.

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Weed Spectrum in Durum Wheat under Different Soil Tillage and Fertilizer Application in Mediterranean Environment

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7307

Author(s):

Verdiana Petroselli ◽

Emanuele Radicetti ◽

Alireza Safahani Langeroodi ◽

Mohamed Allam ◽

Roberto Mancinelli

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Weed Density ◽

Density And Biomass ◽

The Impact

Agricultural intensification may cause significant changes in weed density due to high weed competitiveness. Therefore, sustainable practices are to be designed to get maximum benefits of plant biodiversity in the agro-ecosystems. Field experiments were conducted in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 to evaluate the impact of fertilizer source and soil tillage on weed spectrum in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Treatments in this study were: (i) two fertilizer sources (mineral fertilizer (MIN) and municipal organic waste (MOW)), and (ii) three tillage regimes (plowing (Plo), subsoiling (Sub) and spading (SM)). A randomized complete block design with three replications was adopted. Data on weed density and biomass were collected at the wheat tillering stage. Weed density was higher in MOW than MIN (53.8 vs. 44.0 plants·m−2), especially in 2014/2015, while S was the highest among tillage regimes (58.2 plants·m−2). Annual and monocots species were always the highest in subsoiling (43.5 and 10.1 plants·m−2). The density of perennial and dicots species was higher in MOW compared with MIN plots, regardless of soil tillage management. Weed community, in terms of weed species composition, varied between the two fertilizer sources, while among soil tillage regimes, it only differed between plowing and subsoiling. Based on the analysis of weed community composition, annual dicot species were mainly associated with plowing, while monocots tended to be associated with MIN fertilizer. Spading tillage may be a useful strategy for managing weed diversity under organic fertilization, where mineral soil nitrogen availability was limited. Conversely, the spading machine produced lower grain yields than plowing with mineral fertilizer application.

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