scholarly journals Epicoccum nigrum Link as a Potential Biocontrol Agent Against Selected Dermatophytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Piecuch ◽  
Rafał Ogórek ◽  
Mariusz Dyląg ◽  
Magdalena Cal ◽  
Katarzyna Przywara
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Epicoccum Nigrum ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

<em>Epicoccum nigrum </em>Link is well known for producing biologically-active substances with activities against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The major goal of this study was to assess <em>E. nigrum </em>as a potential in vitro agent against selected species of dermatophytes. The effects of the types of media used in this study on the interactions between the microscopic fungi were also examined. <em>Epicoccum nigrum</em>’s bioactive metabolites exhibited a strong growth inhibitory effect against the dermatophytes, suggesting its potential as a biocontrol agent. Notably, the strength of these interactions was dependent on the type of the medium. These secondary metabolites are not toxic against the higher eukaryotic organisms, which was further demonstrated by using the <em>Galleria mellonella </em>model.

Metabolomics of Healthy Berry Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4888-4902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda D'Urso ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Cosimo Pizza ◽  
Paola Montoro
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Berry Fruits

The consumption of berry-type fruits has become very popular in recent years because of their positive effects on human health. Berries are in fact widely known for their health-promoting benefits, including prevention of chronic disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Berries are a rich source of bioactive metabolites, such as vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies recognized the health effects of berries and their function as bioactive modulators of various cell functions associated with oxidative stress. Plants have one of the largest metabolome databases, with over 1200 papers on plant metabolomics published only in the last decade. Mass spectrometry (MS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) are the most important analytical technologies on which the emerging ''omics'' approaches are based. They may provide detection and quantization of thousands of biologically active metabolites from a tissue, working in a ''global'' or ''targeted'' manner, down to ultra-trace levels. In the present review, we highlighted the use of MS and NMR-based strategies and Multivariate Data Analysis for the valorization of berries known for their biological activities, important as food and often used in the preparation of nutraceutical formulations.

scholarly journals In vitro growth-inhibitory effect of Brazilian plants extracts against Paenibacillus larvae and toxicity in bees

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Piana ◽  
Thiele F. de Brum ◽  
Aline A. Boligon ◽  
Camilla F.S. Alves ◽  
Robson B. de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Toxicity Analysis ◽  
Spreading Disease

American foulbrood (AFB) is a serious worldwide spreading disease in bees caused by Paenibacillus larvae. Plants extracts are known to decrease or inhibit the growth of these bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Calendula. officinalis, Cariniana domestica, and Nasturtium officinale extracts against the P. larvae and to evaluate the toxicity of the extracts in bees. In vitro activity against P. larvae of the extracts was evaluated by micro dilution method and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also determined. The concentrations used in the toxicity test were established based on the MIC values and by the spraying application method. The P. larvae was susceptible to the evaluated crude extract of C. officinalis and N. officinale. To C. domestica, only the ethyl acetate (EtAc) fraction and n-butanol (BuOH) fractions had activity against P. larvae. Toxicity analysis in bees showed no toxicity for N. officinale crude extract and for C. domestica BuOH fraction during 15 days of treatment, however, some deaths of bees occurred during the first three days of treatment with C. officinalis and C. domestica EtAc fraction. The results with these species were firstly described and showed that N. officinale crude extract and C. domestica BuOH fraction both presented not toxic effects in the concentration tested by the spraying application method, and can be a useful alternative for treatment or prevention of AFB.

scholarly journals Caldendrin represses neurite regeneration via a sex-dependent mechanism in sensory neurons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josue A. Lopez ◽  
Annamarie Yamamoto ◽  
Joseph T. Vecchi ◽  
Jussara Hagen ◽  
Amy Lee
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Neurite Initiation ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ca2 Channels ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Caldendrin is a calmodulin-like Ca2+ binding protein that is expressed primarily in neurons and regulates multiple effectors including Cav1 L-type Ca2+ channels. Here, we tested the hypothesis that caldendrin regulates Cav1-dependent pathways that repress neurite growth in dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs). By immunofluorescence, caldendrin was localized in medium- and large- diameter DRGNs. Consistent with an inhibitory effect of caldendrin on neurite growth, neurite initiation and growth was enhanced in dissociated DRGNs from caldendrin knockout (KO) mice compared to those from wild type (WT) mice. In an in vitro axotomy assay, caldendrin KO DRGNs grew longer neurites via a mechanism that was more sensitive to inhibitors of transcription as compared to WT DRGNs. Strong depolarization, which normally represses neurite growth through activation of Cav1 channels, had no effect on neurite growth in DRGN cultures from female caldendrin KO mice. Remarkably, DRGNs from caldendrin KO males were no different from those of WT males in terms of depolarization-dependent neurite growth repression. We conclude that caldendrin opposes neurite regeneration and growth, and this involves coupling of Cav1 channels to growth-inhibitory pathways in DRGNs of females but not males. Our findings suggest that caldendrin KO mice represent an ideal model in which to interrogate the transcriptional pathways controlling neurite regeneration and how these pathways may differ in males and females.

scholarly journals Chromatographic Analyses, In Vitro Biological Activities, and Cytotoxicity of Cannabis sativa L. Essential Oil: A Multidisciplinary Study

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Luigi Menghini ◽  
Antonella Di Sotto ◽  
Romina Mancinelli ◽  
Francesca Sisto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds

Due to renewed interest in the cultivation and production of Italian Cannabis sativa L., we proposed a multi-methodological approach to explore chemically and biologically both the essential oil and the aromatic water of this plant. We reported the chemical composition in terms of cannabinoid content, volatile component, phenolic and flavonoid pattern, and color characteristics. Then, we demonstrated the ethnopharmacological relevance of this plant cultivated in Italy as a source of antioxidant compounds toward a large panel of enzymes (pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and cholinesterases) and selected clinically relevant, multidrug-sensible, and multidrug-resistant microbial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Candida, and Malassezia spp.), evaluating the cytotoxic effects against normal and malignant cell lines. Preliminary in vivo cytotoxicity was also performed on Galleria mellonella larvae. The results corroborate the use of this natural product as a rich source of important biologically active molecules with particular emphasis on the role exerted by naringenin, one of the most important secondary metabolites.

Enforced CD19 Expression Leads to Growth Inhibition and Reduced Tumorigenicity

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 3551-3558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maged S. Mahmoud ◽  
Ryuichi Fujii ◽  
Hideaki Ishikawa ◽  
Michio M. Kawano
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Myeloma Cell Line ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Human Myeloma Cell Line

In multiple myeloma (MM), the cell surface protein, CD19, is specifically lost while it continues to be expressed on normal plasma cells. To examine the biological significance of loss of CD19 in human myeloma, we have generated CD19 transfectants of a tumorigenic human myeloma cell line (KMS-5). The CD19 transfectants showed slower growth rate in vitro than that of control transfectants. They also showed a lower capability for colony formation as evaluated by anchorage-independent growth in soft agar assay. The CD19 transfectants also had reduced tumorigenicity in vivo when subcutaneously implanted into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-human interleukin-6 (hIL-6) transgenic mice. The growth-inhibitory effect was CD19-specific and probably due to CD19 signaling because this effect was not observed in cells transfected with a truncated form of CD19 that lacks the cytoplasmic signaling domain. The in vitro growth-inhibitory effect was confirmed in a nontumorigenic human myeloma cell line (U-266). However, introduction of the CD19 gene into a human erythroleukemia cell line (K-562) also induced growth inhibition, suggesting that this effect is CD19-specific, but not restricted to myeloma cells. These data suggest that the specific and generalized loss of CD19 in human myeloma cells could be an important factor contributing to the proliferation of the malignant plasma cell clones in this disease.

scholarly journals Effects of post-emergent herbicides on Trichoderma harzianum , a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean cropping

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
M. Rollán ◽  
C. Mónaco ◽  
G. Lampugnani ◽  
N. Arteta ◽  
D. Bayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Soil Dilution

Trichoderma harzianum is a potential biocontrol agent against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. Information is needed on the compatibility of this biocontrol agent and the post-emergent herbicides used in soybean cropping.Haloxyfop R Methyl (EC 10.4%), Glyphosate (SL 48%), Imazamox (WG 70%) and Imazethapyr (SL 10%) were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of T. harzianum on in vitro agar plates. Glyphosate (2000 ppm), Imazethapyr (500 and 250 ppm) and Haloxyfop R Methyl (1000, 500 and 100 ppm) reduced the mycelial growth of T. harzianum . Imazamox had no effect at any concentration.Subsequently, all the herbicides were assessed for their effect on soil populations of T. harzianum . Greenhouse assays conducted with non-sterile soil inoculated with T. harzianum and a specific herbicide were sampled before pesticide application and after 30 days. The number of colony forming units per gram of soil (c.f.u./g of soil) was evaluated with a soil dilution technique using Trichoderma selective medium (TSM). No detrimental effect was revealed.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the causal agent of chafer beetle mortality in the wheat fields of the Kurdistan province, Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keivan Karimi ◽  
Mahdi Arzanlou ◽  
Asadollah Babai Ahari ◽  
Mostafa Mansour Ghazi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
First Case ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent

AbstractWe report the first case of chafer beetle [Anisoplia austriaca(Herbst 1783)] mortality caused byActinomucor elegansvar.elegansin wheat fields of the Kurdistan province, Iran. For three years, dead larvae ofAnisoplia austriacawere collected from wheat fields of the Kurdistan province. Similar isolates of a fast-growing fungus were recovered from all samples. The fungal isolates were identified asA. elegansvar.elegansbased on morphological and cultural characteristics. The identity of the species was further confirmed using sequence data of the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of ribosomal DNA. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by the inoculation of the larvae ofA. austriacaandGalleria mellonella(Linnaeus, 1758) (as the model insect) using the spore suspension ofA. elegansvar.elegans. The viability of sporangiospores was evaluated using a spore dilution technique on germination medium. The results on the pathogenicity (100% mortality inA. austriacalarvae) and viability tests (germination: 95.45%) demonstrated thatA. elegansvar.eleganscan be considered as a potential biocontrol agent against the chafer beetle. Field experiments are still required to evaluate the capacity ofA. elegansas a biological control agent.

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