scholarly journals An investigation of the karyotypes of four species from the genera Setcreasea, Spironema and Tradescantia (Commelinaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-540
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Setcreasea Purpurea ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Family

An investigation was conducted on the number and morphology of the chromosomes of four species from the family <em>Commelinacene</em>:<em> Spironema fragrans </em>Lindl., <em>Setereasea purpurea </em>Boom, <em>Tradesca</em><em>nt</em><em>ia albiflora </em>Kunth. and <em>Tradescantia blossfeldiana </em>Mildbr. It was found that the karyotype of <em>Spironema fragrans </em>Lindl. was 2n = 12 chromo­somes whose total length was 6.9-13.7 µm and the formula of the karyotype was: 2m+2sm +2m+2t+2st<sup>sat</sup> +2st <em>Setcreasea purpurea </em>Boom. had 2n = 24 chromosomes, 9.1-12.1 µm in length and the centromere positioned as represented by the formula 24m. The karyotype of <em>Tradsescantia albiflora </em>Kunth. had 2n = 60 chromosomes whose lengths ranged from 1.4 to 4.5 µm, and is described by the formula: 4sm+6m+10st+10sm+10m+20sm. The complex of chromosomes from <em>Tradescantia blossfeldiana </em>Mildbr. consisted of 2n = 60. Their length was 1.3-4.8 µm. The morphological types of the chromosomes are represented by the formula 6st+2m+2sm+6st+2sm+12m+10M+l4m+6sm. It is suggested on the basis of mor­phological analysis of chromosomes that <em>Setereasea purpurea </em>Boom is a tetraploid species and <em>Trudescantia albiflora </em>Kunth. and T. <em>blossfeldiana </em>Mildbr. are decaploids.

scholarly journals Nomenclatural and taxonomic comments on some taxa of Chenopodiaceae of the Himalayas and Tibet/Xizang

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-427
Author(s):  
S.L. Mosyakin ◽  
◽  
B. Mandák ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Recent Proposal ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status

Nomenclatural corrections and comments are provided on several taxa of Chenopodiaceae occurring in the Himalayas and Xizang/Tibet and adjacent areas, following the recent monographic revision of the family in that region and earlier publications. In particular, the original identity of the name Atriplex bengalensis (Chenopodium bengalense) is discussed and it is confirmed, based on additional evidence, that the name was originally (before its epitypification in 2014) applicable to a robust diploid of the Chenopodium ficifolium aggregate, not to the robust hexaploid currently known as C. giganteum. It is thus also concluded that the recent proposal by Mosyakin and Mandák (2018) to conserve the name C. giganteum with a conserved type corresponding to the current understanding and application of that name will best serve nomenclatural stability. A nomenclatural solution alternative to the proposal to reject the name A. bengalensis might be the following: (1) to conserve the name Atriplex bengalensis with a conserved C. ficifolium against C. bengalense. The nomenclaturally paradoxical situation with the names Chenopodium pallidum, C. harae, and Atriplex pallida (all now considered homotypic, as justified by Mosyakin and McNeill in 2018), which emerged from the conflicting lectotypification and epitypification of the name C. pallidum, is revisited and reconsidered. Possible options for dealing with that nomenclatural problem are outlined: (1) keeping the status quo, (2) proposing to conserve the name C. pallidum with a conserved type other than the standing lectotype, and (3) proposing to reject the name C. pallidum. The last option is considered preferable. Additional considerations are presented on a possible taxonomic identity of Chenopodium strictum as originally described by Roth; it is confirmed that that name was misapplied to a widespread Eurasian tetraploid species now properly known as C. betaceum. The identity of the name Bassia fiedleri is discussed; being a replacement name for Echinopsilon divaricatum, it is homotypic with Bassia divaricata (Kar. & Kir.) Kuntze (nom. illeg., non F. Muell.) and is a taxonomic synonym of Grubovia dasiphylla (as correctly stated by Kadereit and Freitag in 2011), but not a synonym of Bassia scoparia. Several comments on type designations of selected taxa of Chenopodiaceae from the Sino-Himalayan region are provided as well; e.g., for Acroglochin persicarioides and associated names, Chenopodium karoi, and Salsola monoptera.

Growth, Reproduction, and Distribution of Pandalid Shrimps in British Columbia

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1403-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Butler
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Change ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Phase Averaging ◽  
Commercial Importance ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Family ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Female Phase

The ranges, habitats, and commercial importance are described for nine species of the family Pandalidae: Pandalopsis dispar, Pandalus jordani, P. borealis, P. platyceros, P. hypsinotus, P. danae, P. montagui tridens, P. stenolepis, P. goniurus. A key for their identification is given. Over 27,400 specimens were sampled, using trawl and trap gear, mostly from the Strait of Georgia. Pandalopsis dispar is a male at [Formula: see text] years, attaining a total length of 136 mm and body weight of 6.5 g; at 30 months, in the female phase, the length is 169 mm and weight 16.3 g. Pandalus jordani matures as a male, and to a lesser extent a female, at about 18 months, reaching a length of 105 mm and weight of 3.8 g; at [Formula: see text] years all are in the female phase, averaging 118 mm in total length and 5.8 g in body weight. P. platyceros is first a male at [Formula: see text] years, attaining a length of 140 mm and weight of 14.2 g; most remain as males for another year, and at [Formula: see text] years the total length is 180 mm and weight 35.5 g. Pandalus hypsinotus matures as a male, and to some extent as a female, at about [Formula: see text] years, at a total length of 124 mm and weight of 10.3 g; at 30 months the length is 130 mm and weight 12.7 g. Almost as many females as males of P. borealis mature at [Formula: see text] years, attaining a length of 95 mm and weight of 3.2 g; at 30 months, in the female phase, the length is 119 mm and weight 6.1 g. Pandalus danae matures first as a male, and to some extent as a female, at [Formula: see text] years, reaching 88 mm in length and 4.4 g; in the female phase, at [Formula: see text] years the length is 105 mm and weight 8.5 g. Growth of P. montagui tridens, P. stenolepis, and P. goniurus is uncertain, but all undergo sex change. Growth as related to habitat and early maturing of females as related to geographic and bathymetric ranges are discussed.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUSI FREKUENSI PANJANG, HUBUNGAN PANJANG TUBUH, PANJANG KLASPER, DAN NISBAH KELAMIN CUCUT LANJAMAN (Carcharhinus falciformis)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmadi Dharmadi ◽  
Fahmi Fahmi ◽  
Mohammad Adrim
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Long Line ◽  
The Family ◽  
Landing Sites ◽  
Silky Shark ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Cucut lanjaman (C. falciformis) merupakan salah satu jenis cucut dari famili Carcharhinidae yang umum tertangkap di perairan Samudera Hindia dengan alat tangkap rawai cucut, rawai tuna, dan jaring insang tuna. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April 2001 sampai dengan Desember 2004 di beberapa tempat pendaratan ikan dan pasar ikan di Pelabuhanratu, Cilacap, Kedonganan-Bali, dan Tanjung Luar-Lombok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara panjang total dengan panjang klasper terlihat eksponensial, dengan nilai R2=0,8218 (untuk klasper yang belum berisi zat kapur), dan nilai R2=0,8197 (untuk klasper yang sebagian berisi zat kapur), dan linier dengan nilai R2=0,7529 (untuk klasper yang penuh dengan zat kapur). Korelasi antara panjang klasper dengan panjang total tubuh cucut semakin kecil dengan semakin bertambah zat kapur dalam klasper. Frekuensi panjang terendah pada cucut lanjaman betina antara 51 sampai dengan 60 cm dan 241 sampai dengan 250 cm dan frekuensi panjang tertinggi antara 181 sampai dengan 190 cm. Pada cucut lanjaman jantan, frekuensi panjang terendah 251 sampai dengan 260 cm dan tertinggi antara 181 sampai dengan 190 cm. Sedangkan nisbah kelamin jantan dan betina cucut lanjaman mendekati 1:1 (51:49%). Nilai perbandingan nisbah kelamin suatu spesies dapat disebabkan oleh ketersediaan ikan dan selektivitas alat tangkap. Silky shark (C. falciformis) is one of the family Carcharhinidae community caught by shark longlin from, drift tuna long line and drift gill net in the Indian Ocean. This study was conducted between April 2001 to December 2004 at some fish landing sites an or fish market i.e. Palabuhanratu, Cilacap, Kedonganan-Bali, and Tanjung Luar Lombok. Results showed relationship between total length and clasper length was exponential (R2=0.8218), for not calcification clasper, and (R2=0.8197) for not full calcification clasper, and linier (R2=0.7529) for full calcification claspe . The correlation of clasper length and total length of silky shark tend to be smaller with in creasing calcificated content and clasper. The lowest length frequency of female silky shark was 51 to 60 cm and 241 to 250 cm, and the highest length frequency was 181 to 190 cm. Lowest length frequency of male silky shark was 251 to 260 cm and the highest was 181 to 190 cm. While sex ratio of male and female was mostly 1:1 (51: 49%). Variation of sex ratio occured due to the availability of fish and the selectivity of the fishing gear.

scholarly journals Hydraulic flow resistance of epigean and hypogean fish of the family Trichomycteridae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Francisco Alexandre Costa Sampaio ◽  
Marina Silva Rufino ◽  
Paulo Santos Pompeu ◽  
Hersília de Andrade е Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Seasonal Flooding ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Flows

Critical swimming speeds of four trichomycterid fish species from epigean and hypogean environments were analyzed and compared: Trichomycterus itacarambiensis and Ituglanis passensis, both troglobitic from underground rivers; Trichomycterus brasiliensis, from epigean rivers; and Ituglanis sp., an undescribed troglophilic species from an underground stream. Swimming tests were conducted with a non-volitional apparatus in which fish swim against a progressive incremental water velocity until they longer resist the flow. Total length was significantly related to critical speed for only T. itacarambiensis. The critical speed obtained by each species, in decreasing order, with values in lengths per second (lengths/s), were: I. passensis (3.61), T. itacarambiensis (3.49), T. brasiliensis (3.11) and Ituglanis sp. (1.89). Swimming performance differed between the congeners T. itacarambiensis and T. brasiliensis, but did not differed between I. passensis and Ituglanis sp. The greater speed for the troglobitic species compared to that of the troglophilic and epigean species is probably related to seasonal flooding pulses that can be extremely severe in caves. Furthermore, during the tests, fish were observed using their mouth and/or barbels to fasten themselves to the substrate to avoid high flows.

A new species of Parafimbrios from northern Vietnam (Squamata: Xenodermatidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4527 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS ZIEGLER ◽  
HAI NGOC NGO ◽  
ANH VAN PHAM ◽  
THAM THI NGUYEN ◽  
MINH DUC LE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

A second species of the previously monotypic snake genus Parafimbrios is described from Lai Chau Province, northern Vietnam, based both on molecular and morphological evidences. Parafimbrios vietnamensis sp. nov. is characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) rostral laterally with two raised, curved edges; the upper one, together with a horizontal curved ridge of tissue, separate the rostral from the internasals; 2) nasal in contact zone with rostral with curved raised edge; 3) nasal in contact zone with supralabials each with two small oblique, curved raised edges located above first and second as well as above second and third supralabials; 4) suture between the internasals much longer than that between the prefrontals; 5) supralabials 8, with the first four bearing raised edges; 6) infralabials 7; mental and anterior three to four infralabials with raised edges; 7) temporals 4+4–5; 8) 35–33–29 dorsal scale rows; 9) laterally rounded ventrals 164; 10) unpaired subcaudals 49; 11) total length of at least 266 mm in males (with a tail length of 44 mm, and a tail / total length ratio of 0. 165). This discovery brings the total number of taxa of the family Xenodermatidae in Vietnam to seven species: Achalinus ater, A. rufescens, A. spinalis, Fimbrios klossi, F. smithi, Parafimbrios lao, and P. vietnamensis. 

CYTOGENETIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS PERSEA (LAURACEAE). I. KARYOLOGY OF SEVEN SPECIES

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Garcia V.
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Diploid Number ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
World Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies

Chromosome number determinations were made on 137 collections of seven Persea species. Persea americana Mill., P. schiedeana Nees, and P. aff. cinerascens Rands, had a diploid number of 24 as reported earlier. The first chromosome counts for four species are reported. Persea hintonii Allen (2n = 48) is the first tetraploid species found in this genus. Persea indica (L.) Spreng. (2n = 24) is the first Old World species to have its chromosome number reported. Persea donnell-smithii Mez and P. pachypoda Nees also have the diploid number (2n = 24). One triploid (2n = 36) and one tetraploid (2n = 48) individual were found in P. americana. Based on stomatal size, their maternal plants were considered to be triploid and diploid, respectively.This is the first karyotype study in Persea and also in the family Lauraceae. The karyotype in Persea is asymmetric. The chromosomes range in size from 2.3 µm to 6.1 µm. Persea americana has one pair of satellited chromosomes, which is the largest pair, two metacentric pairs and nine submetacentric pairs. Two of the submetacentric pairs are highly heterochromatic and both are attached to the nucleolus. All the other species have karyotypes very similar to P. americana.

scholarly journals PRESENCIA DE ARÍUS GRANDICASSIS EN EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO, INCLUYENDO UNA CLAVE PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LOS PECES DE LA FAMILIA ARIIDAE EN EL ÁREA

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Marina Mejía Ladino ◽  
Ricardo Betancur R. ◽  
Arturo Acero P. ◽  
Esteban Zarza G.
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Caribbean Coast ◽  
San Lorenzo ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

The family Ariidae in the Colombian Caribbean coast includes five well known species {slriopsis boniiiai, shins pnops, Bagre bagre, B. marinas and Seienaspis berr-betgi/j and at least two undescribed of the genus Catborops. In this paper we report by the first time the presence of sirins grandicassis Valenciennes, 1840 in the region, based on three specimens of 342 - 495 mm total length captured in offshore waters at San Lorenzo de Garnatones (La Guajira), widening in this way the species distribution range. A key to identify the ariid species from the area is also included.

Glebych minutissimus gen. et sp. nov., the smallest cobweb spider (Araneae: Theridiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5006 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
KIRILL Y. ESKOV ◽  
YURI M. MARUSIK
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Length ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Family

Glebych minutissimus gen. et sp. n., (♂♀), a minute six-eyed and apparently lungless theridiid spider, inhabiting epiphytes in foggy-forest belt at Peruvian Andes is described, representing the smallest (total length varies from 0.79 to 0.92 mm, carapace length ca. 0.36 mm) member of the family. Glebych gen. n. is related to the Neotropic genus Styposis Simon, 1894, which is small-sized and six-eyed as well.

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