scholarly journals Dormancy breaking in Savin juniper (Juniperus sabina L.) seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Tylkowski
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Vegetation Season ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Juniperus Sabina ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Savin juniper (<em>Juniperus sabina</em> L.) is a relict shrub in Poland with only one natural stand in Pieniny Mts. Seeds require warm followed by cold stratification to overcome dormancy. Application of temperature regime at 20<sup>o</sup>/3<sup>o</sup>C layout, for 14 and 17 weeks respectively, is more effective than stratification at 15<sup>o</sup>/3<sup>o</sup>C. Interruption of warm stratification phase after 7 weeks and seeds drying at room temperature for 3-days with warm stratification follow-on resulted in increasing of germination capacity from 25% to approximately 45%. Germinated seeds pricked to substrate into containers gave seedlings 3 cm high when cultivated under plastic tunnel in the first vegetation season.

scholarly journals Germination of dimorphic seeds of Suaeda aralocaspica in response to light and salinity conditions during and after cold stratification

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Ling Wang ◽  
Chang-Yan Tian ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Black Seeds ◽  
Seeds Germination ◽  
Germination Stage

Cold stratification is a requirement for seed dormancy breaking in many species, and thus it is one of the important factors for the regulation of timing of germination. However, few studies have examined the influence of various environmental conditions during cold stratification on subsequent germination, and no study has compared such effects on the performance of dormant versus non-dormant seeds. Seeds of halophytes in the cold desert might experience different light and salinity conditions during and after cold stratification. As such, dimorphic seeds (non-dormant brown seeds and black seeds with non-deep physiological dormancy) of Suaeda aralocaspica were cold stratified under different light (12 h light–12 h darkness photoperiod or continuous darkness) or salinity (0, 200 or 1,000 mmol L-1 NaCl) conditions for 20 or 40 days. Then stratified seeds were incubated under different light or salinity conditions at daily (12/12 h) temperature regime of 10:25 °C for 20 days. For brown seeds, cold stratification was also part of the germination period. In contrast, almost no black seeds germinated during cold stratification. The longer the cold stratification, the better the subsequent germination of black seeds, regardless of light or salinity conditions. Light did not influence germination of brown seeds. Germination of cold-stratified black seeds was inhibited by darkness, especially when they were stratified in darkness. With an increase in salinity at the stage of cold stratification or germination, germination percentages of both seed morphs decreased. Combinational pre-treatments of cold stratification and salinity did not increase salt tolerance of dimorphic seeds in germination phase. Thus, light and salinity conditions during cold stratification partly interact with these conditions during germination stage and differentially affect germination of dimorphic seeds of S. aralocaspica.

scholarly journals Current and Predicted Future Winter Warm Spells Would Affect Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.), Franco) Seeds in the Early Stage of Germination More Than in the Late Stage of Germination

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Szymon Jastrzębowski ◽  
Joanna Ukalska ◽  
Adam Guziejko ◽  
Radosław Puchałka
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Hemisphere Winter ◽  
Warm Spell ◽  
Germination Stage

Most tree species in the temperate climatic zone (including Douglas fir) disperse seeds in autumn. Some of them must be exposed to cold (0–10 °C) and moist conditions (cold stratification) to overcome dormancy and trigger germination. In the Northern Hemisphere, winter warm spells occur more frequently and last longer than in recent decades from eastern Canada to Europe. Our main research objective was to investigate the influence of current (1 or 3 days at day/night temperatures: 15 °C/10 °C) and future predicted (5 days at day/night temperatures: 25 °C/15 °C) winter warm spells on dormancy breaking and germination traits (germination energy—GE; germination capacity—GC; final germination capacity—FGC) of Douglas fir seeds from four old-growth stands in northern Poland. For this purpose, we interrupted cold stratification of seeds at different time points, i.e., after 3 weeks; 6 weeks; 9 or 3 weeks and 6 weeks; 3 and 9 weeks; 6 and 9 weeks; 3 and 6 weeks and 9 weeks. We found that for GE and GC, all main effects (populations—P; days of warm spell—D; stratification duration—W) and interactions were significant (except interaction P×D). FGC was significantly affected by the effects P and D and interactions of D × W and P × D × W. In addition, we found that the predicted warm spells negatively affected the early germination stage (GE and GC) of Douglas fir, but both current and future predicted winter conditions will not negatively affect the late germination stage (FGC).

scholarly journals Cold stratification complements cold water in enhancing the germination of Juniperus procera seeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debissa Lemessa ◽  
Debissa Lemessa ◽  
Hailu Negussie ◽  
Seid Melesse ◽  
Motuma Didita
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Altitudinal Gradients ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Juniperus Procera ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Germinated Seeds

<p>Enhancing seed germination is a fundamental step for conservation of plant genetic resources but less is understood specifically for endangered native and endemic tree species in the tropics.</p><p>We examined how cold stratification and application of different treatments impact the germination of <em>Juniperus procera</em> seeds. We collected seeds from nine different altitudes of Managesha forest, Oromia region, Ethiopia. The seeds were stored in gene bank at -10<sup>o</sup>C for four years for cold stratification as a dormancy breaking method. We employed three treatments: cold water, 70<sup>o</sup>C hot water and 100 ml of 1% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2 </sub>to setup germination experiment in completely randomized design with four replications (50 seeds each). The germinated seeds were counted every fifth day until no more germinated seeds were observed. We analyzed data using two-way ANOVA and the significant for mean difference among altitudinal gradients was computed with Tukey HSD tests. The germination percent from cold stratified and moistened in cold water was higher than either from control, soaking in 70<sup>o</sup>C hot water or applying 1% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2 </sub>solution. Moreover, the germination percent varied among the altitudinal gradients for all the three treatments. At some altitudes, the germination was higher or lower consistently throughout control and the three treatments. The variations in altitudinal gradient and the associated environmental factors have triggered the differences in germinability of <em>J. procera</em> seeds. Our overall results suggest that cold stratification can complement cold water to break the dormancy and enhance the germination of <em>J. procera</em> seeds.</p>

scholarly journals Overcoming Dormancy and Enhancing Germination of Sphaeralcea munroana Seeds

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1672-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Kildisheva ◽  
R. Kasten Dumroese ◽  
Anthony S. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Ecological Importance

The results of a series of experiments involving a variety of dormancy-breaking treatments indicate that Munro's globemallow [Sphaeralcea munroana (Douglas) Spach] seeds are physically dormant, possess a cap-like structure in the occlusion of the water gap, which inhibits imbibition, and can be artificially dislodged through boiling water scarification. The highest germination capacity (93%) was achieved by mechanical scarification of previously stored seeds. Exogenous application of a gibberellin solution and cold stratification failed to enhance germination compared with scarification alone, indicating an absence of additional dormancy types. These results should improve the usefulness of this drought-tolerant perennial for landscaping and restoration given its effectiveness in soil stabilization, tolerance to a variety of soil types, extreme temperatures, and ecological importance.

scholarly journals Responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds stored under different germination temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Strenske ◽  
Edmar Soares de Vasconcelos ◽  
Vanessa Aline Egewarth ◽  
Neusa Francisca Michelon Herzog ◽  
Marlene De Matos Malavasi
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Germinated Seeds ◽  
Plot Design

In this experiment, we assessed the germination and vigor of quinoa seeds packed in paper bags and stored at room temperature for 36, 85, 119, 146, 177 and 270 days. The seeds were harvested under experimental conditions in Marechal Candido Rondon, Paraná, during the 2012/13 growing seasons. Four replicates of 100 seeds each were established for each storage time, and the seeds were evaluated, on paper, based on the BOD under the following experimental temperature conditions: alternating temperatures of 20 and 30°C and a constant temperature of 25°C. The seeds from both treatments were subject to seven-hour photoperiods and 25°C under continuous darkness. The germinated seeds were counted daily for eight days after sowing, and we evaluated the percentages of normal and abnormal seedlings and the germination index. The experimental design was completely randomized using a split-plot design. Increasing the storage time decreased the percentage of germinated seeds and seed vigor due to the increased number of abnormal seedlings. Over the 430-day study period, quinoa seed germination completely declined under the experimental conditions. The final number of germinating seeds should be evaluated 7 days after the beginning of the germination test. 

scholarly journals Non-Deep Physiological Dormancy in Seed and Germination Requirements of Lysimachia coreana Nakai

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Saeng Geul Baek ◽  
Jin Hyun Im ◽  
Myeong Ja Kwak ◽  
Cho Hee Park ◽  
Mi Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Viability Test ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Germination Requirements

This study aimed to determine the type of seed dormancy and to identify a suitable method of dormancy-breaking for an efficient seed viability test of Lysimachia coreana Nakai. To confirm the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination at different temperatures, germination tests were conducted at 5, 15, 20, 25, 20/10, and 25/15 °C (12/12 h, light/dark), using 1% agar with 100, 250, and 500 mg·L−1 GA3. Seeds were also stratified at 5 and 25/15 °C for 6 and 9 weeks, respectively, and then germinated at the same temperature. Seeds treated with GA3 demonstrated an increased germination rate (GR) at all temperatures except 5 °C. The highest GR was 82.0% at 25/15 °C and 250 mg·L−1 GA3 (4.8 times higher than the control (14.0%)). Additionally, GR increased after cold stratification, whereas seeds did not germinate after warm stratification at all temperatures. After cold stratification, the highest GR was 56.0% at 25/15 °C, which was lower than the GR observed after GA3 treatment. We hypothesized that L. coreana seeds have a non-deep physiological dormancy and concluded that 250 mg·L−1 GA3 treatment is more effective than cold stratification (9 weeks) for L. coreana seed-dormancy-breaking.

Morphological and physiological dormancy in seeds of Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) broken successively during cold stratification

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Vandelook ◽  
Nele Bolle ◽  
Jozef A. Van Assche
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Temperature Requirement ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Chilling Period

AbstractA low-temperature requirement for dormancy break has been observed frequently in temperate-climate Apiaceae species, resulting in spring emergence of seedlings. A series of experiments was performed to identify dormancy-breaking requirements of Aegopodium podagraria, a nitrophilous perennial growing mainly in mildly shaded places. In natural conditions, the embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow in early winter. Seedlings were first observed in early spring and seedling emergence peaked in March and April. Experiments using temperature-controlled incubators revealed that embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow only at low temperatures (5°C), irrespective of a pretreatment at higher temperatures. Seeds did not germinate immediately after embryo growth was completed, instead an additional cold stratification period was required to break dormancy completely. Once dormancy was broken, seeds germinated at a range of temperatures. Addition of gibberellic acid (GA3) had a positive effect on embryo growth in seeds incubated at 10°C and at 23°C, but it did not promote germination. Since seeds of A. podagraria have a low-temperature requirement for embryo growth and require an additional chilling period after completion of embryo growth, they exhibit characteristics of deep complex morphophysiological dormancy.

scholarly journals Dormancy-Breaking and Germination Requirements for Seeds of Sorbus alnifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch (Rosaceae), a Mesic Forest Tree with High Ornamental Potential

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Yuhan Tang ◽  
Keliang Zhang ◽  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Jun Tao
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Breaking Dormancy

Sorbus alnifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch (Rosaceae) is an economically important tree in the temperate forests of Eastern China. In recent decades, ever-increasing use and modification of forestlands have resulted in major degeneration of the natural habitat of S. alnifolia. Moreover, S. alnifolia seeds germinate in a complicated way, leading to a high cost of propagation. The current study aimed to determine the requirements for breaking seed dormancy and for germination as well as to characterize the type of seed dormancy present in this species. Moreover, the roles of temperature, cold/warm stratification, and gibberellic acid (GA3) in breaking dormancy were tested combined with a study of the soil seed bank. The results showed that intact seeds of S. alnifolia were dormant, requiring 150 days of cold stratification to achieve the maximum germination percentage at 5/15 °C. Exposure of the seeds to ranges of temperatures at 15/25 °C and 20/30 °C resulted in secondary dormancy. Scarifying seed coat and partial removal of the cotyledon promoted germination. Compared with long-term cold stratification, one month of warm stratification plus cold stratification was superior in breaking dormancy. Application of GA3 did not break the dormancy during two months of incubation. Seeds of S. alnifolia formed a transient seed bank. The viability of freshly matured S. alnifolia seeds was 87.65% ± 11.67%, but this declined to 38.25% after 6-months of storage at room temperature. Seeds of S. alnifolia have a deep physiological dormancy; cold stratification will be useful in propagating this species. The long chilling requirements of S. alnifolia seeds would avoid seedling death in winter.

Dormancy of apple embryos. Are starch and reserve protein changes related to dormancy breaking?

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2308-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Bouvier-Durand ◽  
Alina Dawidowicz-Grzegorzewska ◽  
Claudine Thévenot ◽  
Daniel Come
Keyword(s):  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Moderate Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Reserve Protein ◽  
Apple Seeds

During cold stratification of apple seeds both dormancy removal and initiation of the germination process occur. To characterize these two processes and to dissociate them from each other, two different cold treatments were used. One of them (cold treatment within the fruits) excluded the germination process, the other corresponded to classical stratification. Control treatments at moderate temperature were also applied. Starch accumulated in the radicle during breaking of embryo dormancy by stratification, whereas it disappeared when dormancy was broken inside the fruits. The comparison of starch changes at 0 and at 20 °C also showed that these changes cannot be related to dormancy release. Moreover, no proteolysis occurred whether dormancy was broken or not. Proteolysis observed during stratification of the embryos seemed to be linked to their imbibition (the first step of the germination). These data refute previous observations on this problem; they demonstrate that neither starch variations nor reserve protein changes can be related to breaking of embryo dormancy.

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