Germination of dimorphic seeds of Suaeda aralocaspica in response to light and salinity conditions during and after cold stratification

Cold stratification is a requirement for seed dormancy breaking in many species, and thus it is one of the important factors for the regulation of timing of germination. However, few studies have examined the influence of various environmental conditions during cold stratification on subsequent germination, and no study has compared such effects on the performance of dormant versus non-dormant seeds. Seeds of halophytes in the cold desert might experience different light and salinity conditions during and after cold stratification. As such, dimorphic seeds (non-dormant brown seeds and black seeds with non-deep physiological dormancy) of Suaeda aralocaspica were cold stratified under different light (12 h light–12 h darkness photoperiod or continuous darkness) or salinity (0, 200 or 1,000 mmol L-1 NaCl) conditions for 20 or 40 days. Then stratified seeds were incubated under different light or salinity conditions at daily (12/12 h) temperature regime of 10:25 °C for 20 days. For brown seeds, cold stratification was also part of the germination period. In contrast, almost no black seeds germinated during cold stratification. The longer the cold stratification, the better the subsequent germination of black seeds, regardless of light or salinity conditions. Light did not influence germination of brown seeds. Germination of cold-stratified black seeds was inhibited by darkness, especially when they were stratified in darkness. With an increase in salinity at the stage of cold stratification or germination, germination percentages of both seed morphs decreased. Combinational pre-treatments of cold stratification and salinity did not increase salt tolerance of dimorphic seeds in germination phase. Thus, light and salinity conditions during cold stratification partly interact with these conditions during germination stage and differentially affect germination of dimorphic seeds of S. aralocaspica.

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Non-Deep Physiological Dormancy in Seed and Germination Requirements of Lysimachia coreana Nakai

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7110490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 490

Author(s):

Saeng Geul Baek ◽

Jin Hyun Im ◽

Myeong Ja Kwak ◽

Cho Hee Park ◽

Mi Hyun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Dormancy ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Viability Test ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Germination Requirements

This study aimed to determine the type of seed dormancy and to identify a suitable method of dormancy-breaking for an efficient seed viability test of Lysimachia coreana Nakai. To confirm the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination at different temperatures, germination tests were conducted at 5, 15, 20, 25, 20/10, and 25/15 °C (12/12 h, light/dark), using 1% agar with 100, 250, and 500 mg·L−1 GA3. Seeds were also stratified at 5 and 25/15 °C for 6 and 9 weeks, respectively, and then germinated at the same temperature. Seeds treated with GA3 demonstrated an increased germination rate (GR) at all temperatures except 5 °C. The highest GR was 82.0% at 25/15 °C and 250 mg·L−1 GA3 (4.8 times higher than the control (14.0%)). Additionally, GR increased after cold stratification, whereas seeds did not germinate after warm stratification at all temperatures. After cold stratification, the highest GR was 56.0% at 25/15 °C, which was lower than the GR observed after GA3 treatment. We hypothesized that L. coreana seeds have a non-deep physiological dormancy and concluded that 250 mg·L−1 GA3 treatment is more effective than cold stratification (9 weeks) for L. coreana seed-dormancy-breaking.

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Morphological and physiological dormancy in seeds of Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) broken successively during cold stratification

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258509301075 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 115-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Filip Vandelook ◽

Nele Bolle ◽

Jozef A. Van Assche

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Early Spring ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽

Temperature Requirement ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Chilling Period

AbstractA low-temperature requirement for dormancy break has been observed frequently in temperate-climate Apiaceae species, resulting in spring emergence of seedlings. A series of experiments was performed to identify dormancy-breaking requirements of Aegopodium podagraria, a nitrophilous perennial growing mainly in mildly shaded places. In natural conditions, the embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow in early winter. Seedlings were first observed in early spring and seedling emergence peaked in March and April. Experiments using temperature-controlled incubators revealed that embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow only at low temperatures (5°C), irrespective of a pretreatment at higher temperatures. Seeds did not germinate immediately after embryo growth was completed, instead an additional cold stratification period was required to break dormancy completely. Once dormancy was broken, seeds germinated at a range of temperatures. Addition of gibberellic acid (GA3) had a positive effect on embryo growth in seeds incubated at 10°C and at 23°C, but it did not promote germination. Since seeds of A. podagraria have a low-temperature requirement for embryo growth and require an additional chilling period after completion of embryo growth, they exhibit characteristics of deep complex morphophysiological dormancy.

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Seed Germination Biology of Four Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Cultivars from Xinjiang, China

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.50.6.826 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 826-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dilinuer Shalimu ◽

Ke Li ◽

Carol C. Baskin ◽

Jerry M. Baskin ◽

Yujun Liu

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Pomegranate Seeds ◽

Germination Requirements ◽

New Cultivars

Pomegranate is an important fruit crop cultivated in many countries, and development of new cultivars depends on the plant breeders being able to produce plants from seeds. Poor quality and low yield of cultivars are widespread problems that greatly restrict development of the pomegranate industry. Our purpose was to gain a better understanding of the seed dormancy-breaking and germination requirements of four cultivars of pomegranate from Xinjiang Province, China, which would be useful in improving old cultivars and developing new ones. Fresh pomegranate seeds incubated on moist filter paper imbibed water, but they germinated to only 16% to 20%. Sulfuric acid scarification, cold stratification, and warm followed by cold stratification significantly increased germination percentages. Seeds soaked in concentrated H2SO4 for 40 minutes followed by cold stratification for 2 months germinated to 65%, and those warm stratified for 1–3 months followed by cold stratification for 2 months germinated to 75% to 80%. Seeds of pomegranate have nondeep physiological dormancy (PD).

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Factors Affecting Germination and Emergence of Dame's Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-07-156.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 389-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

David J. Susko ◽

Yara Hussein

Keyword(s):

Cold Stratification ◽

Continuous Darkness ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Dry Storage ◽

Edaphic Conditions ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Osmotic Potentials

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature, light, cold stratification, dry storage, solution pH, solution osmotic potential, and planting depth on germination and emergence of dame's rocket. Maximal germination (> 80%) of fresh seeds occurred at alternating temperatures ≥ 25/15 C in both alternating light/dark and continuous darkness. However, < 10% of seeds germinated at or below 20/10 C, with lower germination in the presence of light than in darkness. Cold stratification at 4 C for 4 to 16 wk enhanced germination at low alternating temperatures (≤ 20/10 C), but depressed germination at warm temperature regimes (≥ 25/15 C). After 1 yr of dry storage (after-ripening), germination exceeded 94% and did not differ significantly among temperature regimes. Germination exceeded 60% in solutions with pH 3 to 10. Germination was reduced below 50% in solutions with osmotic potentials below −0.6 MPa. Percent emergence was greater than 56% at burial depths in soil of 0 to 5 cm, with maximal emergence (93 to 99%) at 0 to 2 cm. Dame's rocket seeds possess non-deep physiological dormancy at maturity, but when dormancy is alleviated, the seeds are capable of germinating in a variety of climatic and edaphic conditions.

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Multiple environmental signals required for embryo growth and germination of seeds of Selinum carvifolia (L.) L. and Angelica sylvestris L. (Apiaceae)

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258507838888 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 283-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Filip Vandelook ◽

Nele Bolle ◽

Jozef A. Van Assche

Keyword(s):

Seedling Emergence ◽

Early Spring ◽

Time Interval ◽

Short Time Interval ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Environmental Signals ◽

Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Short Time

AbstractGermination and dormancy breaking requirements were studied in Selinum carvifolia (L.) L. and Angelica sylvestris L. (Apiaceae). Seeds of these two species have an underdeveloped embryo and are morpho-physiologically dormant. The embryo does not start to grow until physiological dormancy is broken by cold stratification. Incubating seeds at fluctuating temperatures in the light, after cold stratification, had a stimulating effect on embryo growth and seed germination. Seeds of S. carvifolia and A. sylvestris have non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), since gibberellic acid (GA3) could substitute for cold stratification. This is the first report of non-deep simple MPD that is broken by cold stratification in the Apiaceae. Under natural conditions, physiological dormancy is broken by low temperature conditions during winter. Embryo growth and germination occur in a short time interval when temperatures start rising in early spring. Due to the fact that multiple environmental signals regulate dormancy, seedling emergence in these species is timed very accurately in spring.

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Germination and Dormancy in Annual Halophyte Juncus ranarius Song & Perr.

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4329752 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 439-446

Author(s):

Jeremi KOŁODZIEJEK ◽

Jacek PATYKOWSKI

Keyword(s):

Germination Rate ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Constant Light ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Light Conditions ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

To Come ◽

High Level ◽

Saline Solutions

The effects of cold stratification and gibberellic acid (GA3) on dormancy breaking for seeds of the annual halophyte species Juncus ranarius were tested. Germination percentage and recovery responses of salt stressed seeds were also tested. Freshly collected seeds germinated slowly under all incubation conditions. Thus, the seeds of J. ranarius have physiological dormancy, e.g. they are water permeable, have a fully developed embryo and require cold stratification to come out of dormancy. Furthermore, promotion of germination by GA3 after-ripening in dry storage also indicated that these seeds have non-deep physiological dormancy. In general, the higher the GA3 concentration, the more germination occurred within the studied range. Juncus ranarius demonstrated a germination preference for light. The highest germination percentage and rate of germination were recorded under constant light conditions at 22 Â°C after 24 weeks of cold stratification. In saline solutions, the highest percentage of germination was obtained at 25 mM L-1 NaCl, and further increase in salinity resulted in a gradual decrease in germination. However, ungerminated seeds were not damaged by salt, showing a high level of recovery. The greater the reduction in salinity, the better the germination rate became. It was concluded that dormancy could be completely broken by cold stratification, indicating spring germination. Juncus ranarius can grow well at lower NaCl concentrations under constant light conditions at 22 Â°C.

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Non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of the rare Alpinia galanga: a first report for Zingiberaceae

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258516000039 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 165-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.G. Baradwaj ◽

M.V. Rao ◽

Carol C. Baskin ◽

T. Senthil Kumar

Keyword(s):

Temperature Regime ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Alpinia Galanga ◽

First Report ◽

Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Minimum Number ◽

The Ideal

AbstractLittle information is available on seed dormancy of members of the Zingiberales and especially the Zingiberaceae. Our aim was to investigate the dormancy breaking and germination requirements of Alpinia galanga in vitro with a minimum number of seeds, using the move-along experiment. The mass of imbibed seeds increased by 17.5% in 1 d, showing that seeds were water permeable. The best germination in the move-along experiment (86.7%) was obtained when seeds were exposed to the sequence of temperature regimes that began with winter (20/10°C), and seeds began to germinate after 6 weeks at this temperature regime. Seeds dry stored for 4 months and then incubated at the sequence of temperature regimes that began with summer (30/20°C) started germinating in the sixth week at this temperature regime and had germinated to 93.3% after 18 weeks. Seeds kept dry for 4 months and then treated with 50 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) began to germinate at 30/20°C after 2 weeks. Control seeds incubated continuously at 20/10, 25/15 or 30/20°C germinated to 80.6, 77.8 and 60.0%, respectively. When incubated at 15, 20, 25 or 30°C, the ideal temperature for embryo growth was 20°C. Since GA3 and dry storage can break non-deep physiological dormancy and embryos grew during warm stratification, seeds of A. galanga have non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). This is the first report of non-deep simple MPD in the Zingiberaceae.

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Temperature Regulation of Primary and Secondary Seed Dormancy in Rosa canina L.: Findings from Proteomic Analysis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21197008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (19) ◽

pp. 7008

Author(s):

Tomasz A. Pawłowski ◽

Barbara Bujarska-Borkowska ◽

Jan Suszka ◽

Tadeusz Tylkowski ◽

Paweł Chmielarz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Metabolic Activity ◽

Mitochondrial Proteins ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Rosa Canina ◽

Secondary Dormancy ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Low Levels

Temperature is a key environmental factor restricting seed germination. Rose (Rosa canina L.) seeds are characterized by physical/physiological dormancy, which is broken during warm, followed by cold stratification. Exposing pretreated seeds to 20 °C resulted in the induction of secondary dormancy. The aim of this study was to identify and functionally characterize the proteins associated with dormancy control of rose seeds. Proteins from primary dormant, after warm and cold stratification (nondormant), and secondary dormant seeds were analyzed using 2-D electrophoresis. Proteins that varied in abundance were identified by mass spectrometry. Results showed that cold stratifications affected the variability of the highest number of spots, and there were more common spots with secondary dormancy than with warm stratification. The increase of mitochondrial proteins and actin during dormancy breaking suggests changes in cell functioning and seed preparation to germination. Secondary dormant seeds were characterized by low levels of legumin, metabolic enzymes, and actin, suggesting the consumption of storage materials, a decrease in metabolic activity, and cell elongation. Breaking the dormancy of rose seeds increased the abundance of cellular and metabolic proteins that promote germination. Induction of secondary dormancy caused a decrease in these proteins and germination arrest.

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Current and Predicted Future Winter Warm Spells Would Affect Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.), Franco) Seeds in the Early Stage of Germination More Than in the Late Stage of Germination

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12060796 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 796

Author(s):

Szymon Jastrzębowski ◽

Joanna Ukalska ◽

Adam Guziejko ◽

Radosław Puchałka

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Germination Capacity ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Main Research ◽

Hemisphere Winter ◽

Warm Spell ◽

Germination Stage

Most tree species in the temperate climatic zone (including Douglas fir) disperse seeds in autumn. Some of them must be exposed to cold (0–10 °C) and moist conditions (cold stratification) to overcome dormancy and trigger germination. In the Northern Hemisphere, winter warm spells occur more frequently and last longer than in recent decades from eastern Canada to Europe. Our main research objective was to investigate the influence of current (1 or 3 days at day/night temperatures: 15 °C/10 °C) and future predicted (5 days at day/night temperatures: 25 °C/15 °C) winter warm spells on dormancy breaking and germination traits (germination energy—GE; germination capacity—GC; final germination capacity—FGC) of Douglas fir seeds from four old-growth stands in northern Poland. For this purpose, we interrupted cold stratification of seeds at different time points, i.e., after 3 weeks; 6 weeks; 9 or 3 weeks and 6 weeks; 3 and 9 weeks; 6 and 9 weeks; 3 and 6 weeks and 9 weeks. We found that for GE and GC, all main effects (populations—P; days of warm spell—D; stratification duration—W) and interactions were significant (except interaction P×D). FGC was significantly affected by the effects P and D and interactions of D × W and P × D × W. In addition, we found that the predicted warm spells negatively affected the early germination stage (GE and GC) of Douglas fir, but both current and future predicted winter conditions will not negatively affect the late germination stage (FGC).

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Dormancy breaking in Savin juniper (Juniperus sabina L.) seeds

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2010.004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 27-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tadeusz Tylkowski

Keyword(s):

Temperature Regime ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Cold Stratification ◽

Germination Capacity ◽

Dormancy Breaking ◽

Vegetation Season ◽

Natural Stand ◽

Juniperus Sabina ◽

Germinated Seeds

Savin juniper (Juniperus sabina L.) is a relict shrub in Poland with only one natural stand in Pieniny Mts. Seeds require warm followed by cold stratification to overcome dormancy. Application of temperature regime at 20o/3oC layout, for 14 and 17 weeks respectively, is more effective than stratification at 15o/3oC. Interruption of warm stratification phase after 7 weeks and seeds drying at room temperature for 3-days with warm stratification follow-on resulted in increasing of germination capacity from 25% to approximately 45%. Germinated seeds pricked to substrate into containers gave seedlings 3 cm high when cultivated under plastic tunnel in the first vegetation season.

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