scholarly journals Chronic respiratory disease in adult outpatients in three African countries: a cross-sectional study

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
A. B. Binegdie ◽  
H. Meme ◽  
A. El Sony ◽  
T. Haile ◽  
R. Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Outpatient

BACKGROUND: The greatest burden of chronic respiratory disease is in low- and middle-income countries, with recent population-based studies reporting substantial levels of obstructive and restrictive lung function.OBJECTIVE: To characterise the common chronic respiratory diseases encountered in hospital outpatient clinics in three African countries.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive adult patients with chronic respiratory symptoms (>8 weeks) attending hospital outpatient departments in Ethiopia, Kenya and Sudan. Patients were assessed using a respiratory questionnaire, spirometry and chest radiography. The diagnoses of the reviewing clinicians were ascertained.RESULT: A total of 519 patients (209 Kenya, 170 Ethiopia, 140 Sudan) participated; the mean age was 45.2 years (SD 16.2); 53% were women, 83% had never smoked. Reviewing clinicians considered that 36% (95% CI 32–40) of patients had asthma, 25% (95% CI 21–29) had chronic bronchitis, 8% (95% CI 6–11) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 5% (95% CI 4–8) bronchiectasis and 4% (95% CI 3–6) post-TB lung disease. Spirometry consistent with COPD was present in 35% (95% CI 30–39). Restriction was evident in 38% (95% CI 33–43). There was evidence of sub-optimal diagnosis of asthma and COPD.CONCLUSION: In Ethiopia, Kenya and Sudan, asthma, COPD and chronic bronchitis account for the majority of diagnoses in non-TB patients with chronic respiratory symptoms. The suboptimal diagnosis of these conditions will require the widespread use of spirometry.

scholarly journals Chronic airflow limitation and its relation to respiratory symptoms among ever-smokers and never-smokers: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Toren ◽  
Linus Schiöler ◽  
Anne Lindberg ◽  
Anders Andersson ◽  
Annelie F Behndig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptom ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Never Smokers

BackgroundThe diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is based on the presence of persistent respiratory symptoms and chronic airflow limitation (CAL). CAL is based on the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity (FEV1:FVC) after bronchodilation, and FEV1:FVC less than the fifth percentile is often used as a cut-off for CAL. The aim was to investigate if increasing percentiles of FEV1:FVC were associated with any respiratory symptom (cough with phlegm, dyspnoea or wheezing) in a general population sample of never-smokers and ever-smokers.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study comprising 15 128 adults (50–64 years), 7120 never-smokers and 8008 ever-smokers completed a respiratory questionnaire and performed FEV1 and FVC after bronchodilation. We calculated their z-scores for FEV1:FVC and defined the fifth percentile using the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) reference value, GLI5 and increasing percentiles up to GLI25. We analysed the associations between different strata of percentiles and prevalence of any respiratory symptom using multivariable logistic regression for estimation of OR.ResultsAmong all subjects, regardless of smoking habits, the odds of any respiratory symptom were elevated up to the GLI15–20 strata. Among never-smokers, the odds of any respiratory symptom were elevated at GLI<5 (OR 3.57, 95% CI 2.43 to 5.23) and at GLI5–10 (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.69 to 3.91), but not at higher percentiles. Among ever-smokers, the odds of any respiratory symptom were elevated from GLI<5 (OR 4.64, 95% CI 3.79 to 5.68) up to GLI≥25 (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.75).ConclusionsThe association between percentages of FEV1:FVC and respiratory symptoms differed depending on smoking history. Our results support a higher percentile cut-off for FEV1:FVC for never-smokers and, in particular, for ever-smokers.

scholarly journals COPD, metabolic syndrome, respiratory symptoms, and functional incapacity in smokers, ex-smokers, and never-smokers aged 40-59 in Almaty, Kazakhstan: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Baurzhan Zhussupov ◽  
Almaz Sharman ◽  
Dana Sharman
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Never Smokers

Background: No study has reported the relationship between smoking status with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Kazakhstan. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between health outcomes, including COPD, MetS, respiratory symptoms, and functional incapacity, with the cigarette smoking status. Methods: The cross-sectional study recruited 500 smokers, 200 ex-smokers, and 200 never-smokers aged 40-59 in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Questions assessed socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, and smoking behavior. Blood glucose and lipid profiles were determined after overnight fasting. COPD was defined according to the GOLD 2017 statement. Respiratory symptoms and functional incapacity were assessed by the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and 6-min walk test (6MWT), respectively. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations. Results: The prevalence of COPD among smokers, ex-smokers and never-smokers were 5.5%, 3.0% and 3.0%, respectively. Respiratory symptoms based on CAT were more prevalent among smokers (42.8%) as compared to ex-smokers (42.8% vs 17.0%; aOR 3.43, 95% CI 2.25–5.23) and never-smokers (42.8% vs 12.5%; aOR 5.44, 95% CI 3.42–8.65). Current smokers were more likely to walk less than 450 meters during 6MWT as compared to never-smokers (16.5% vs 5.0%; aOR 3.72, 95% CI 1.86–7.44). No significant association was found between the smoking status with COPD and MetS.  Conclusions: Respiratory symptoms are common among the current smokers, even if most of them had preserved pulmonary function defined by spirometry.

Prevalence of COVID-19-like Symptoms among People Living with HIV, and Using Antiretroviral Therapy for Prevention and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ◽  
Maryam Ghadimi ◽  
Mahboubeh Hajiabdolbaghi ◽  
Mehrnaz Rasoolinejad ◽  
Ladan Abbasian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: COVID-19 has spread globally with remarkable speed, and currently, there is limited data available exploring any aspect of the intersection between HIV and SARSCoV- 2 co-infection. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of clinical symptoms associated with COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Tehran, Iran. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 200 PLWH were recruited through the positive club via sampling, and completed the symptom-based questionnaire for COVID-19, which was delivered by trained peers. Results: Of 200 participants, respiratory symptoms, including cough, sputum, and shortness of breath, were the most prevalent among participants, but only one person developed symptoms collectively suggested COVID-19 and sought treatments. Conclusions: It appears that existing infection with HIV or receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) might reduce the susceptibility to the infection with SARS-CoV-2 or decrease the severity of the infection acquired. Further research is needed to understand causal mechanisms.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of elderly widows residing in urban field practice area of S. N. Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5224
Author(s):  
Gowri Shankar ◽  
Jayaraj M. Ramachandra ◽  
Sarojini S. Hunshikatti
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Field Practice

Background: Widows are the most vulnerable segment among the elderly population in India. Elderly widows face several social, economic, emotional and cultural deprivations due to their gender, widowhood and old age. Hence, this study was done with the objective to know the socio demographic profile and morbidity of elderly widows residing in urban field practice area of S.N. Medical College, Bagalkot.Methods: This cross sectional study was done in 8 Anganwadi areas during 2016 by cluster random sampling. All the elderly widows residing in the areas were included after informed consent. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional review board. Data regarding their socio demographic profile, cause of death of husband, the number of years being a widow, health seeking behavior and their chronic morbidities were noted. Height and weight of each elderly widow was measured and body mass index calculated using the formula weight in kilogram divided by height in meter 2 and classified according to South East Asian category. Blood pressure was recorded three times with the widow in a sitting posture in an interval of 3 minutes and the least value was documented according to JNU classification.Results: Out of 140 elderly widows who were residents of the areas, majority (69.29%) were between 60 to 74 years of age followed by 27.86% between 75 to 89 years of age. It was observed that 75% of them were illiterate. The leading cause of death of husband was coronary heart disease (19.29%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12.86%) and alcoholic cirrhosis (10.71%). On examination of the non-hypertensive widows, it was observed that 36.06% were in Stage I and 22.68% were in Stage II of hypertension (JNU classification).Conclusions: Elderly widows are a vulnerable segment of the community. Their health care needs are a priority and regular health check-ups are to be planned.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of Multimorbidity among older adults in rural Nepal: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Saruna Ghimire ◽  
Sabuj Kanti Mistry ◽  
Selvanaayagam Shanmuganathan ◽  
Lal Bahadur Rawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Rural Nepal

Abstract Background Multimorbidity among older adults is an increasing challenge for health systems. Compared to a single disease condition, multimorbidity lowers the quality of life and experience higher hospital admission and health care expenditure. Although multimorbidity has gained global attention, it remains a less studied area in Nepal. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of major chronic diseases and multimorbidity among older adults in rural Nepal and examine the associated socioeconomic and behavioral risk factors.Methods We analyzed data of 794 Nepalese older adults recruited using a multi-stage cluster sampling approach in two rural setting of Sunsari and Morang District of Nepal. This was a cross-sectional study, conducted between January to April 2018. Socio-demographics and health conditions data [ Osteoarthritis, Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) ] were collected through the help of trained research assistants using a validated questionnaire. The correlates of multimorbidity were examined using mixed-effects logistic regression.Results 48.9% of the participants had at least one chronic condition, and 14% were multimorbid. The prevalence of individual conditions were osteoarthritis- 41.7%, CVD- 2.39%, diabetes- 5.29%, and COPD- 15.7%. In the adjusted model, older adults aged 70-79 years, those from underprivileged Madhesi and other ethnic groups, without a history of alcohol drinking, and those physically inactive, were significantly associated with multimorbidity.Conclusion Our study found a sizeable proportion of the older adults had multimorbidity in our studied population. This prevalence of multimorbidity and its socioeconomic and behavioural correlates, need to be addressed through multi-level preventive strategies, including clinical guidelines and the development of a multidisciplinary workforce to address the needs of the multimorbid older adults.

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