ENERGY INTENSITY OF THE DANUBE REGION COUNTRIES � DECOUPLING ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

The aim of this study is to examine the empirical cointegration, long-run and short-run dynamics and causal relationships between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in 14 Danube region countries over the period of 1990–2019. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing methodology was applied for each of the examined variables as a dependent variable. Limited by the length of the time series, we excluded two countries from the analysis and obtained valid results for the others for 26 of 36 ARDL models. The ARDL bounds reliably confirmed long-run cointegration between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Austria, Czechia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Economic growth and energy consumption have a significant impact on carbon emissions in the long-run in all of these four countries; in the short-run, the impact of economic growth is significant in Austria. Likewise, when examining cointegration between energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in the short-run, a significant contribution of CO2 emissions on energy consumptions for seven countries was found as a result of nine valid models. The results contribute to the information base essential for making responsible and informed decisions by policymakers and other stakeholders in individual countries. Moreover, they can serve as a platform for mutual cooperation and cohesion among countries in this region.

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Threshold Effect of Economic Growth on Energy Intensity—Evidence from 21 Developed Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4199

Author(s):

Jinjin Zhou ◽

Zenglin Ma ◽

Taoyuan Wei ◽

Chang Li

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Urban Population ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Renewable Energy Consumption ◽

Tertiary Industry ◽

D Investment ◽

Threshold Point

Based on threshold regression models, this paper analyzes the effect of economic growth on energy intensity by using panel data from 21 developed countries from 1996 to 2015. Results show that a 1% increase in GDP per capita can lead to a 0.62–0.78% reduction in energy intensity, implying economic growth can significantly reduce energy intensity. The extent of the reduction in energy intensity varies depending on the economic development stages represented by key influencing factors including energy mix in consumption, urbanization, industrial structure, and technological progress. Specifically, the reduction in energy intensity due to economic growth can be enhanced with relatively more renewable energy consumption and more urban population until a threshold point, where the enhancement disappears. On the other hand, the extent of the energy intensity reduction due to economic growth can be weakened with relatively more tertiary industry activities and more research and development (R&D) investment in an economy until a threshold point, where the weakening cannot continue. However, compared to the early stages represented by the low ends of renewable energy consumption, urban population, tertiary industry activities, and R&D investment, the later stages represented by the high ends of these key factors after a threshold show the weakened effect of economic growth on the decline of energy intensity. Hence, when an economy is well-developed, policy makers are advised to put fewer expectations on the role of economic growth to reduce energy intensity, while pursuing relatively cleaner energy, greater urbanization, more tertiary industry activities, and advanced technologies.

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The Decoupling Analysis Between Regional Building Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in China

Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate ◽

10.1007/978-981-10-6190-5_122 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1385-1395 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ya Wu ◽

Hang Yan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Building Energy ◽

Building Energy Consumption ◽

Decoupling Analysis

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Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth: A Comparative Empirical Study of Selected Developed and Developing Countries. “The Role of Exergy”

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11102668 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2668 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Raúl Arango-Miranda ◽

Robert Hausler ◽

Rabindranarth Romero-Lopez ◽

Mathias Glaus ◽

Sara Ibarra-Zavaleta

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

Trade Openness ◽

Control Variable ◽

Future Research

Diverse factors may have an impact in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions; thus, three main contributors, energy consumption, gross domestic product (GDP) and an exergy indicator are examined in this work. This study explores the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption by means of the hypothesis postulated for the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). Panel data for ten countries, from 1971 to 2014 have been studied. Despite a wide gamma of research on the EKC, the role of an exergy variable has not been tested to find the EKC; for this reason, exergy analysis is proposed. Exergy analyses were performed to propose an exergetic indicator as a control variable and a comparative empirical study is developed to study a multivariable framework with the aim to detect correlations between them. High correlation between CO2, GDP, energy consumption, energy intensity and trade openness are observed, on the other hand not statistically significant values for trade openness and energy intensity. The results do not support the EKC hypothesis, however exergy intensity opens the door for future research once it proves to be a useful control variable. Exergy provides opportunities to analyze and implement energy and environmental policies in these countries, with the possibility to link exergy efficiencies and the use of renewables.

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Energy consumption and economic development in Guangdong, China: Distribution, relationship and causes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-160873/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mengmeng Hu ◽

Yafei Wang ◽

Beicheng Xia ◽

Guohe Huang

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Economic Development ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Pearl River ◽

Panel Vector Autoregression

Abstract Analysing the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is essential to achieve the goal of sustainable development. We employ hot spot analysis to discover the spatial agglomeration of GDP per capita and energy intensity in Guangdong, China, from 2005–2018. Furthermore, panel vector autoregression coupled with a system generalized method of moments is performed to examine the dynamic causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth under the framework of the Cobb-Douglas production function. Using a multivariate model and grouped studies based on the differences in regional economic development, we show that the GDP per capita of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) is significantly higher than that of the peripheral municipalities. However, energy intensity shows an entirely different spatial distribution. The development of the regional economy depends on its own “assembling effect”. GDP explains approximately 68.3% of the total variation in energy consumption in the PRD and only approximately 34.5% of that in the peripheral municipalities. We do not confirm Granger causality between energy consumption and economic development. Guangdong can decrease its energy consumption growth without substantially sacrificing its economic growth. The analysis framework of this paper has significant implications for regions in balancing economic development and energy consumption.

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Decoupling Analysis of Economic Growth and Total Primary Energy Supply for the BRICS: 1971-2008

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.765 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 84-85 ◽

pp. 765-769

Author(s):

He Ming Wang ◽

Qiang Yue ◽

Zhong Wu Lu

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

South Africa ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Resource Consumption ◽

Gdp Growth ◽

Decoupling Analysis ◽

Primary Energy Supply ◽

Total Resource

The decoupling conditions of GDP and Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) for the BRICS in the period 1971-2008 were analyzed. It is concluded that in the studied period, the decoupling indicators of China and Russia are relatively higher than that of Brazil, South Africa and India. The BRICS’s decoupling distribution is similar to China, because China accounts for most part of TPES and GDP of the BRICS. To restrain the total resource or energy consumption from increasing too fast, it is suggested to match the indicators of GDP growth and the decreasing rate of resource consumption per unit of GDP appropriately.

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Energising Mexico: Historical Energy Consumption, Transitions and Economic Growth 1880-2015

10.31235/osf.io/28bdm ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Diego Castañeda Garza

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Structure Population ◽

First Approximation ◽

Period 1880 ◽

Level Analysis ◽

Increase Energy Consumption

This paper employs archival data to reconstruct the historical pattern of primary energyconsumption in Mexico during the 1880-2015 period. The study highlights the characteristics ofthe energy transitions between different primary energy sources and offers the first account of bothtraditional and modern energy carriers. It performs a trend and level analysis to explain how theeconomic structure, population and economic growth have impacted energy intensity andproductivity. Thus, the paper provides a first approximation to the long-term relationship betweeneconomic growth and energy utilisation in Mexico. The period 1880- 1920 saw both growths inpopulation and income increase energy consumption, the period 1921-1960 is mostly driven byincome growth, 1961-2000, both growths in population and income drive consumption, andfinally, between 2001 and 2015, population growth is the dominant force.

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The wealth of nations and sustainable development: energy intensity and the environmental Kuznets curve

Environmental Economics ◽

10.21511/ee.11(1).2020.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 110-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ola Honningdal Grytten ◽

Magnus Lindmark ◽

Kjell Bjørn Minde

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽

Energy Intensity ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Continuous Series ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Wealth Of Nations ◽

The Relationship

Scholars warn that wealth leads to unsustainable environmental development. However, over the last decades, studies have shown an increase in environmental degradation at the initial stage of economic growth, and then a decline when economic growth reaches a certain level. This first acceleration and then deceleration create an inverted U-shaped curve between pollution and economic growth, called the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Environmental degradation can be measured by different factors. This paper deals with two of them, i.e. energy consumption and energy intensity (EI). The latter is measured as the ratio between energy consumption and GDP. The relationship of energy consumption and intensity to economic growth can serve as a tool for examining whether an EKC exists. The paper presents continuous series of energy consumption energy intensity and gross domestic product for the Norwegian mainland economy 1835–2019. The series are used to examine the possible existence of relative and absolute environmental Kuznets curves (EKC). Time series are established using available data and annual figures for 1835–2019, which are presented for the first time. They depict a development that, first, reflects an almost constant downward trend in EI, and, second, the existence of EKCs. The paper also proposes a polynomial regression model to discuss the relationship between environmental degradation as measured by energy consumption and intensity on the one hand, and economic growth on the other. It is concluded that there are both relative and absolute EKC-relations between environmental degradation and economic growth, with 1975 as relative and 2002 as absolute turning point.

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