UNDERPASS AS A PUBLIC SPACE AND ITS FACTORS AFFECTING USE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marketa Kristkova ◽  
Adela Brazdova
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Factors Affecting

An Analysis of Factors Affecting Fear of Crime in Public Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-124
Author(s):  
Gidong Byun ◽  
Young Hee Min ◽  
Mikyoung Ha
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Factors Affecting

Freedom and control: a state of balance in public space

Facilities ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 606-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianjiao Zhao ◽  
Kin Wai Michael Siu
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Control

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine how to achieve a balance between freedom and control in public space. It analyses the relationship between freedom and control to identify phenomena and offer users and policymakers instructions for achieving that balance. Public space, including privately owned public space, is important to urban living. People have both the right to use public space and the responsibility to protect it. Both freedom and control should exist in public space in an appropriate combination. It is impossible and inappropriate for us to ask for absolute freedom or endure unreasonable control. Design/methodology/approach – A case study of Hong Kong’s Mass Transit Railway (MTR) reveals typical freedom/control relationships. Quantitative descriptions are given based on field observations. Findings – Freedom and control are primary factors affecting the quality of urban life and management of city space. They depend on and conflict with each other. The balance between freedom and control is a balance between diverse spaces. The “freedom space” belonging to both citizens and authorities determines whether freedom and control are balanced. Ethics and strategies constitute control. Only when each authority and user obtains a proper freedom space can freedom and control achieve balance in public space. Research limitations/implications – Freedom and control differ across cities because they are both affected by culture, history and tradition. As each city has its own characteristics, the freedom and control in each open space are distinctive. Balancing freedom and control requires an understanding of a city’s background and the era. While this paper does not attempt to achieve this understanding, further studies could devote more attention to dimensions of time and location. Practical implications – The findings provide recommendations for users, policymakers and construction and management companies that will allow the management of harmonious and high-quality open spaces. Social implications – Freedom and control are two main factors affecting quality of life. The balance between freedom and control may bring a harmony and stable society environment. It would benefit both the authority and the people a lot. Originality/value – This study provides a systematic analysis of freedom and control in public space and makes a valuable contribution to quality urban space policy, design and management.

scholarly journals Cultural factors affecting urban planners’ intentions to regulate public space in Prishtina, Kosovo

Urbani izziv ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Visar Hoxha ◽  
Kaliopa Dimitrovska Andrews ◽  
Alenka Temeljotov Salaj
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals What can urban design learn from changing winds? A case study of public space in Nanjing (1990s-2010s)

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Qiuxia Xu ◽  
Zhen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pattern Complexity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Habitat ◽  
Planning Decision

Climate is one of the prominent and persistent factors affecting the human habitat. During the recent urbanization, human society has left remarkable environment footprints including the macro- and micro- climates related to human settlement. It’s essential for urban planning decision-maker to contextualize people’s wellbeing in the public space and micro-climate changes. The adverse changes of micro-climate are usually related more to local developments than to global changes, with the causality relatively feasible to detect. Characteristic of openness, the open spaces play an important role as outdoor relaxation and wind corridor, which is precious yet vulnerable assets for the citizens’ wellbeing. Agglomerated and unintentional developments inevitably change the wind patterns which potentially affect public life. A longitudinal study of such circumstance will provide knowledge and lessons for sustainable and salutary urban design. Based on CFD simulation, this paper compared the static winter and summer airflows patterns of the Drum Tower area in downtown Nanjing during the period of 1990s-2010s. The results indicated that the wind pattern complexity increased gradually, the outdoor comfortability degraded dramatically in some areas, the environment inequity might be deteriorated too. The researcher suggests putting micro-climate issues firmly on the agenda of public wellbeing policy, involving various stakeholders in the assessment and urban design code with technical and social supports.

scholarly journals Investigating the Role of Space Factors in Promoting Vitality for Designing Sports Complex

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Reza Karimi Azeri ◽  
Mehraneh Aladini ◽  
Mehrdad Amirnezhad Mozhdehi
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Research Tools

The quality of urban public space has been one of the focal points of recent design research, with the efforts to create such a public space that could satisfy citizens in different terms has been proposed as one of the main strategies for the urban design projects. As one of the factors affecting the quality of public spaces and urban environments, vitality plays an important role in such settings. On the other hand, the environmental designers are always faced with different aspects of designing public spaces and the important fact is that, among the various factors influencing the vitality, which one has the most important role. In this regard, this study intends to focus on the designing of sports complex in Bandar Anzali in order to enhance the vitality. In terms of research kind, the research is a descriptive-analytical one, in terms of methodology, it uses a survey method and it is functional based on objective. According to the data, it is a quantitative research and it is a field study in terms of implementation. In this regard, among the human-based and environmental variables related to the vitality that were extracted from the documentary and desk research, five cases were selected  as the basis of the research according to the prioritization of environmental psychology developed by the  experts from the faculty of members from the prestigious Iranian  universities. Additionally, the research tools were developed based on this prioritization. The statistical community of the present study involved two cases of the sports complexes representing Bandar Anzali. Therefore, with the determination of the community, sample size and research tools, the selected variables were tested to accept or reject the hypotheses. After analyzing the data by SPSS software, visual beauty, security, sociability, readability and user interaction and 24 hour activity were prioritized respectively. As a result, the analytical model of the research, which in fact includes the main factors affecting the vitality of sports spaces has been formulated as a public space in Anzali.  Finally, the most effective spatial strategies have been presented to promote vitality and to achieve the research goals.

Personal Cognitive Characteristics in Affordance Perception: The User Activity Case Study in a Building Lobby

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Kim ◽  
J. Y. Jeong ◽  
M. K. Kim ◽  
S. W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
User Activity ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
User Activities ◽  
The Way

User activities in performing tasks are influenced by the way the user perceives the related surrounding context and environment and determined with user judgment preferences. Physical environment structures afford user activities when these are perceived. Thus, this paper addresses how user activities and perceived affordances are different reflecting personal creativity modes, which are determined by factual-intuitive perception inclination and subjective-objective decision preferences as well as introverted-extroverted nature. To design-in various affordance features for diverse users in varying contexts, understanding on relations between user personal characteristics and affordance perception would be helpful. We conducted a case study in a public space — building lobby — used by many general people. User activities and behaviors were analyzed in several specific tasks given to twenty students in the lobby of a building they have never been to before. The tasks were devised so that various affordance features could be relevant while eliminating other factors affecting the affordance perception than those due to user personal characteristics. User activities can be classified into several different groups for each task based on affordance features involved in their activities. These user activity differences are then compared with their personal creativity modes. For user of less common activities for some tasks, relevant personal cognitive characteristics have been identified.

scholarly journals Cultural factors affecting urban planners’ intentions to regulate public space in Prishtina, Kosovo

Urbani izziv ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Visar Hoxha ◽  
Kaliopa Dimitrovska Andrews ◽  
Alenka Temeljotov Salaj
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Assessment of the process of urban transformation in Baghdad city form and function.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazin Al-Saffar
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Urban Patterns ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
The City

During the 21st century, urban transformation of cities has been intensely affected by flows of socio-economic and technological processes. Through the centuries, such as all historical places in Mesopotamia, Baghdad has given an outstanding example of dramatic evolution. The city, which stands on the river Tigris, faced various transformation processes in the culture and physical environment due to social and political reasons. The transformation of Baghdad city is a very complicated process driven by various factors affecting the homogeneity of the old urban fabric. Reconfiguration and the production of new urban typologies within the heritage fabric were the most fundamental effects. The outcome was different spatial languages competing with each other. This transformation changed the relations and hierarchies among spaces, which allowed more flexibility and accessibility between private and public space. The main purpose of this study is to examine how Baghdad city emerged and to develop a comprehensive understanding of the history of urban transformation in the context of city change. To achieve this aim, this paper will utilise urban morphology to explain how Baghdad transformed from a geometric city (the Round City AD762 by Caliph Al-Mansur) to an organic form and then from a traditional city to the modern metropolis. It will seek to analyse the process of urban transformation in Baghdad and show different types of urban patterns. Moreover, this paper will try to illustrate how the new way of transportation represented by the car has affected the historic centre and changed the structural system of Baghdad.

scholarly journals Residents’ Willingness to Participate in Green Infrastructure: Spatial Differences and Influence Factors in Shanghai, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Hui Xu ◽  
Xiaohan Wang ◽  
Jiahong Wen ◽  
Shiqiang Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Private And Public

Green infrastructure (GI) plays a fundamental role in achieving urban pluvial flood management, mitigating urban heat island effect, and improving living suitability. Residents’ participation is the main driving force of GI implementation. Based on semi-structured interviews, GIS spatial analysis, and multiple regression, we investigated residents’ willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in public and private space and identified the influence factors in Shanghai, China. The results show that, compared with private space, residents prefer to implement GI in public space, where they have different preferences of GI measures. On urban scale, residents’ willingness to participate in the implementation of GI in private space is characterized as “high in the inner city, low in the suburban areas”, while the spatial difference is insignificant for public space. In addition, the factors affecting residents’ willingness to participate in the implementation of GI are different in private and public space. The deterministic factors of GI participation are gender, education level, and floor for private space, while only include building age for public space, in addition to the common factors of free time, cognition of GI, perception of pluvial flood risk, supportive factors, and environment-improving factors that can influence both private and public space GI participation. Our analysis therefore provides valuable information for policymakers concerning nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation and urban sustainability.

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