SELECTED PROBLEMS OF INTERMODAL TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN POLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (0) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Bartosz Grucza
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Intermodal Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Eu Transport Policy ◽  
The Eu

Intermodal transport, or briefly speaking transport using at least two different modes of transport, is becoming an increasingly important element of the EU transport policy not only in terms of cost and time, but also in terms of safety and environmental protection. In Poland, mainly due to the observed development of intermodal terminals it recognizes the growing importance of this type of transport. In the last 5 years investments in the development of intermodal terminals with the use of the European Union funds have exceeded 300 million Euro. It is difficult, however, to identify the compliance of these projects with the available methodological standards and good practices. The article is just such an attempt – it examines the projects of development of intermodal terminals in Poland for the achievement of the objectives, compliance with the schedule and the efficiency of the planned budgets. A consequence of the analysis is to identify common problems for this type of projects and to offer solutions through greater use of the available project management methodological tools successfully used in other industries and sectors.

6. The European Union and the environment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Bell ◽  
Donald McGillivray ◽  
Ole W. Pedersen ◽  
Emma Lees ◽  
Elen Stokes
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
The Eu

This chapter provides a brief overview of how the EU shapes UK environmental law and policy. It begins by providing an introductory guide to EU law, outlining the key institutions of the EU, the different sources of EU law, and how EU law is made. The chapter then proceeds to look at the more substantive elements of EU law as they affect environmental protection, starting with the policy and constitutional bases for EU environmental law, and gives a flavour of the scope of EU environmental legislation, before considering the scope for national standards to exceed those set at EU level or to disrupt trade between the Member States. This is followed by a discussion of the challenges faced in making EU environmental law work, and then with some thoughts on the impact of Brexit and how this may shape UK environmental law.

scholarly journals The day after: Protecting the human rights affected by environmental challenges after the EU accession to the European Convention on Human Rights

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Antonopoulos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Rights ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Environmental Protection Policies ◽  
The Eu

This article explores whether a potential accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights, offers a more effective method of protection for ‘environmental human rights’: those rights whose enjoyment is allegedly affected by environmental challenges. The European Court of Human Rights has decided on claims of alleged violations of human rights by both environmental degradation and the enforcement of environmental protection policies implementing EU environmental law. On the other hand, the capacity of the Court of Justice of the European Union to decide on human rights issues has been repeatedly challenged, while the inability of the Court to protect procedural (environmental) rights when it came to NGOs, allows for challenging the capacity of the Court of Justice of the European Union to protect substantive (environmental) rights as well. Will an accession mean that applicants will be able to bring claims for alleged violations, caused by the enforcement of EU generated environmental protection policies, against the EU Institutions rather than the enforcing State? This article follows the relevant developments towards the accession, and consequently seeks to determine how the day after the accession will look for the protection of human rights affected by environmental challenges.

The EU as guarantor of environmental protection in Germany

elni Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Thomas Ormond
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
The Eu

In recent years it has become fashionable again among politicians and publicists across Europe to practice ‘Brussels bashing’ and make the EU responsible for many ills of globalisation and modern society. This applies in particular to the field of environmental law. The European Union has been active in the field of environmental protection since the 1970s, i.e. since a time when there was no Union yet but a European Economic Community (EEC), a European Coal and Steel Community and a European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). The EEC Treaty of 1957 did not know the term ‘environmental protection’ and for the next decades did not contain any explicit legislative competence for this subject matter. The main instrument of EU environmental policy is the directive. In the European context it means a framework law, as proposed by the EU Commission and adopted by the Council and the European Parliament, which the Member States have to transpose within certain deadlines into their national law, and specify and implement by their authorities into practice. The directive is binding as regards the objective (the result to be achieved) but leaves the choice of form and methods to the national authorities. It is estimated that 80% of current environmental law in Germany (as well as probably in other Member States) is determined by the European Union. The author of this article presents his thoughts on how the EU shapes Member State environmental law and policy, highlighting inter alia “innovation from Brussels” such as EIA, access to environmental information and climate protection, as well as the systematic and risk-based approach as hallmark of EU legislation.

scholarly journals State aid for environmental protection and energy objectives in Poland and other countries of the European Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Jan Braun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
State Aid ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Total State ◽  
The Eu

Purpose – The purpose of the article is to present the development of horizontal aid for environ-mental protection and objectives related to green energy in Poland in comparison with other EU countries in 2009-2017. The above category of state aid in Poland has been characterised in detail, considering its sources, forms, entities providing support as well as the main beneficiaries of aid. Research method – The article utilises the analysis of existing data on horizontal aid for environmental protection and energy objectives in Poland and European Union countries. Results – During the period 2014-2017, as part of horizontal aid in Poland, the majority of aid was granted for environmental protection and energy objectives (in 2014 it accounted for 45% of the total horizontal aid). In the European Union, by comparison, a gradual increase in the share of the abovementioned category of assistance in the total state aid granted in the analysed period is noticeable. The largest share of the studied category in total state aid was recorded in Sweden, Austria and Germany, while the largest increase in the share of this aid in total state aid was seen in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia and Romania. Originality /value / implications /recommendations - As a result of the strategies implemented in the EU states, the aid for environmental protection and energy objectives is currently one of the most important categories of horizontal aid. This article offers a multifaceted analysis of the above assistance in Poland and a detailed comparison of the level of this support in the EU countries.

scholarly journals Environmental Inspections and the EU: Securing an Effective Role for a Supranational Union Legal Framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hedemann-Robinson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Field ◽  
The Future ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Legislative Measures ◽  
The Eu

AbstractOver several years, the European Union (EU) has gradually developed its legal framework to assist in the proper application of EU environmental protection rules, both at Member State as well as at EU institutional levels. This article focuses on one particular and relatively recent emerging element of that supranational framework, namely the range of EU secondary legislative measures and provisions concerning the management of environmental inspections. In addition to appraising the extent of EU legislative engagement in relation to environmental inspections, this article reflects on certain challenges of a constitutional nature that the EU will need to address in the future if its intervention in this particular policy field is to continue to develop.

scholarly journals Conditions And Prospects For Development Of Innovation In EU Economies In Light Of The Europe 2020 Strategy

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Edyta Dworak ◽  
Witold Kasperkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Third ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this paper is to explain the essence of the Europe 2020 Strategy, with particular emphasis on development projects in the field of innovation;to assess the level of innovation in the EU economies in comparison to the U.S., Japan and South Korea, and to describe the conditions for the development of the EU economic area in light of the Strategy program objectives. The paper consists of three parts. The first part outlines the essence and objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The second part contains an analysis of the level of innovativeness of the EU economies compared with U.S., Japan and South Korea. The third part focuses on the conditions and prospects for the development of innovative economies in the European Union.

scholarly journals European Green Deal – legal and financial challenges of the climate change

ERA Forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe European Green Deal announced by the European Commission in December 2019 is a roadmap meant to foster the transition of the European Union towards the climate-neutral economy by reducing carbon emissions towards 55% by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. By putting the EGD in a boarder perspective of evolving, constitutional rationale of environmental protection in the EU legal order, this contribution examines horizontal, legal dimension and financial implications of the green transition. The challenge ahead of the Union is now how to transform the ambitious climate agenda into efficient legal and economic instruments ‘in a fair way, leaving no one behind’. This paper argues that EGD is a great opportunity, but in order to turn it into a success, it must be strongly anchored in the concepts pertaining to the constitutional framework of the EU legal order, in particular, the concepts of solidarity, sustainable development and high level of environmental protection.

scholarly journals Considerations on the Environmental Policies and Strategies of the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Durac ◽  
Andreea Luminița Cărpușor
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Essential Connection ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The protection of environmental factors, of the environment as a whole, is a major and ever more pressing issue, which should be of interest to all mankind, to all the states, and to all political and governmental decision factors. In this sense, at the level of the Member States of the European Union, it was necessary to draw and adopt coherent environmental policies and strategies, which would insure an effective protection of the natural and anthropological factors, on the medium and long term. Environmental quality is a matter of general, global interest, which requires achieving appropriate environmental policies, taking into account the essential connection between the world’s economy and the environment. The environmental policy is a method of organising, coordinating, and institutionalising the complex activity of protecting the environmental factors, meant to set the strategies, means, and their implementation techniques at a national, regional, and global level, with the purpose of insuring the preservation and development of the environment. Within the European Union, the opportunity to draw and adopt an environmental policy was determined by the problems that surged following the rapid extension of pollution, a phenomenon that does not stop at the borders of one state or of Europe. Thus, in a first instance, the general policy concerning the environmental protection within the European Union was formulated and defined, through the elaboration and implementation of the Environmental Action Programmes, following which the European Commission established the sectoral strategies in the field, starting from the Strategy for sorting waste and continuing with the EU Strategy for natural protection, the EU Strategy for air pollution, and the EU Strategy for water pollution. In the end, by adopting the Strategy for Sustainable Development, the environmental policy is permanently connected to the environmental issues that may appear, leading to new tendencies in the actions for environmental protection. The efficiency of environmental policies in the European Union is materialized through improvements in the issues related to air quality, surface water quality, through the dissemination and delimitation of fauna protection areas, but there are still many contexts in which such approaches should be intensified, such as: global warming, deterioration of piscicultural fauna, decline in biodiversity.

scholarly journals Organizacja administracji ochrony środowiska w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
Maciej Jabłoński
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Acquis Communautaire ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Eu

The organization of environmental protection in Poland and the European Union is a mutual connection of competencies and a correlation of systems and rights according to national and EU laws. The legal system of the EU is the result of decades of cooperation undertaken by the will of the Member States known as the acquis communautaire. EU law has primacy over national law, which in practice means that in the event of a conflict between the provisions of national law and EU law, the national law is deemed inapplicable and needs to be adjusted by the Member State.

Development of Environmental Taxes in The European Union in The Globalization Process

2021 ◽  
pp. 326-336
Author(s):  
Arzu Erdinç Ertürk ◽  
Onur Ertürk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Eu

Unfortunately, people harm the environment as a result of their economic activities. The deterioration of environmental balance and global climate changes in the world as a result of this destruction give the awareness of environmental protection prominence. Many organizations operate on a global scale to protect the environment and return it to its former natural balance. In this context, the European Union (EU) is one of the communities that care about the environment. There are important operations for environmental protection within this community. Environmental tax is a good example of tools determined for use in protecting the environment. As is known, Croatia is the latest country to join the EU in 2013. To reveal the importance the EU attaches to environmental protection, environmental tax practices, the development of environmental taxes before and after its EU-membership in Croatia are analysed. Besides, the course of environmental taxes in Croatia from 2002 to 2018 is evaluated in the study.

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