Providing orientation by philosophizing at school. Phenomenological and postmodern validity claims

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3 (249)) ◽  
pp. 150-161
Author(s):  
Philipp Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Learning Objective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lived Body ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The World ◽  
Validity Claims ◽  
Liberal Societies ◽  
Rational Argumentation

In liberal societies it seems to be important to provide orientation by philosophizing at school. We are used to doing this by discussing classic ethics with our students. Here, skills like rational argumentation can be trained. It is the universal rationality that can be applied to different ethical issues and, thus, provide orientation. When it comes to this learning objective phenomenology and postmodernism are mostly not expected to provide assistance. Phenomenology might be seen as just dealing with perception whereas postmodernism is under suspicion for contributing to indecision, arbitrariness and relativism. In this article I will try to outline the potentials of phenomenology and postmodernism in the field of orientation. In the tradition of Husserl’s ‘epoché’ we can let students discover the perspective of a first person and what it means to be a ‘self’. Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty have not only described a certain closeness to the world which can be described as ‘dwelling’ of a lived body. They have also delineated elements of a new ‘postmetaphysical’ and at the same time ‘prehermeneutical’ metaphysics. All this can help to open the depth of self, life, and world. Postmodern thinkers claim a plurality of truths. By this means, these theories can encourage self-empowerment. At the same time, authors like Lévinas (responsibility for the other), Lyotard (the sublime), and Rorty (solidarity) describe new ways of openness towards the world which are not founded by any primal truth and thus provide orientation.

The First Person in Cognition and Morality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice Longuenesse
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Abstract Reasoning ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Person Pronoun ◽  
The World ◽  
The University

The book is the revised version of two lectures presented, in the spring 2017, as the Spinoza lectures in the University of Amsterdam. Both lectures explore the contrast and collaboration between two types of standpoint on the world, each of which finds expression in a specific use of the first-person pronoun “I.” One standpoint is the particular standpoint we have on the world insofar as we are spatially and temporally located, biologically unique, socially and culturally determined individuals. The other is the universally communicable standpoint we share or can hope to share with all other human beings, whatever their particular biological, social, or cultural determination. The book explores the degree to which using the first-person pronoun “I” is the expression of one or the other standpoint. The first lecture explores this question in relation to the exercise of our mental capacities in abstract reasoning and knowledge of objective facts about the world. The second lecture explores this question in relation to what we take to be our moral obligations.

Two Dogmas of Linguistic Empiricism

Dialogue ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
John King-Farlow
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Logical Necessity ◽  
First Person ◽  
Final Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Stuart Hampshire ◽  
Point Of Reference

The first person singular is the nucleus on which all the other referential devices depend… The final point of reference, by which a statement is attached to reality, is the speaker's reference to himself, as one thing and one person among others… The world is always open to conceptual re-arrangement. But the re-arrangement is only the addition of new tiers of discrimination to a foundation that remains constant: the recognition of persisting things singled out by active observers who have a statable standpoint as objects among other objects. It is in judgments of perception that the notion of identity, and principles of individuation, are given their earliest sense. That beings, who are capable of action and observation, are born into, and move among, a world of persisting objects is a logical necessity and not a contingent matter of fact. (Stuart Hampshire, Thought and Action, London: Chatto and Windus, 1959, pp. 40, 87).

scholarly journals La Sensitividad. La Fijación del Estado Visionario

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
María Pilar Rivera Guiral
Keyword(s):  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
Person Account

We believe that the visionary experience is the seed of genuine creation. This is the reason why in this article we explore the human ability to perceive reality in an extraordinary way. Through the first-person account of neuroanatomist Jill Bolte Taylor that suffered a stroke, we discovered that the world might be revealed fluid, vibrant and bright. But above all, we rely on the concept of sensitivity, the ability to see beyond the sensible, that the neuropsychiatrist Shafica Karagulla investigated with scientific rigor. Sensitives are people who have natural gifts to see, colors, fields and energy vortexes, they capture greater wave spectrum, they modify as many vibrations, frames, interconnections and interactions and increased quantity and quality of phenomena. We make a special mention in the savants, sensitive people with amazing talents on one hand, which were often accompanied by dysfunction on the other hand.

scholarly journals The Last Man and ‘The First Woman’: Unmanly Images of Unhuman Nature in Mary Shelley’s Ecocriticism

Perichoresis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Éva Antal
Keyword(s):  
Mary Shelley ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The World ◽  
Last Man ◽  
The One ◽  
The Last Man

AbstractMary Shelley in her writings relies on the romanticised notions of nature: in addition to its beauties, the sublime quality is highlighted in its overwhelming greatness. In her ecological fiction, The Last Man (1826), the dystopian view of man results in the presentation of the declining civilization and the catastrophic destruction of infested mankind. In the novel, all of the characters are associated with forces of culture and history. On the one hand, Mary Shelley, focussing on different human bonds, warns against the sickening discord and dissonance, the lack of harmony in the world, while, on the other hand, she calls for the respect of nature and natural order. The prophetic caring female characters ‘foresee’ the events but cannot help the beloved men to control their building and destroying powers. Mary Shelley expresses her unmanly view of nature and the author’s utopian hope seems to lie in ‘unhuman’ nature. While the epidemic, having been unleashed by the pests of patriarchal society and being accelerated by global warming, sweeps away humanity, Mother Nature flourishes and gains back her original ‘dwelling place’.

Finding Oneself in the Other

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Thomas Nagel ◽  
Isaiah Berlin ◽  
The World

This is the second of three volumes of posthumously collected writings of G. A. Cohen, who was one of the leading, and most progressive, figures in contemporary political philosophy. This volume brings together some of Cohen's most personal philosophical and nonphilosophical essays, many of them previously unpublished. Rich in first-person narration, insight, and humor, these pieces vividly demonstrate why Thomas Nagel described Cohen as a “wonderful raconteur.” The nonphilosophical highlight of the book is Cohen's remarkable account of his first trip to India, which includes unforgettable vignettes of encounters with strangers and reflections on poverty and begging. Other biographical pieces include his valedictory lecture at Oxford, in which he describes his philosophical development and offers his impressions of other philosophers, and “Isaiah's Marx, and Mine,” a tribute to his mentor Isaiah Berlin. Other essays address such topics as the truth in “small-c conservatism,” who can and can't condemn terrorists, and the essence of bullshit. A recurring theme is finding completion in relation to the world of other human beings. Engaging, perceptive, and empathetic, these writings reveal a more personal side of one of the most influential philosophers of our time.

Wars of National Liberation II

Worldview ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Robert A. Gessert
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Free World ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

It is sometimes suggested that nuclear weapons technology has made the world safe for “wars of national liberation.” I don't happen to accept this proposition, but I do acknowledge that “wars of national liberation” are a prominent part of both the declaratory and action policies of the Communist world. The free world does not have the option of declining to respond to such wars. This is sufficient reason for attempts to assay the ethical issues they raise.Wars of liberation have been called “political wars.” I assume two different things are intended by this: on the one hand, that they have a larger political component than other wars in that they do emphasize or circumvent some of the more typical military missions such as seizing and holding territory; on the other hand, as compared with nuclear war, they seem more nearly to be. compatible with Clausewitx's dictum that war is a continuation of policy. There are difficulties with both notions, but I do acknowledge that wars of liberation are intimately related to the political purposes of their sponsors and that they do generally employ means aimed directly at political power and try to postpone or avoid military engagements as the determinants of their outcome.

scholarly journals Women in logistics: Beautiful and sublime

Tehnika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
Snežana Tadić
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Logistics Systems ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The World ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Conflicting Goals ◽  
Status Of Women

Logistics, as a scientific and engineering field, and women, with specific intellectual, scientific and research affinities, are attracted. The attractiveness of woman and logistics in this paper is analyzed through the concept of philosophical thinking about feeling of the beautiful and sublime. The logistics chain is an extremely complex system that includes a large number of different elements, activities, participants. There are different, most often conflicting goals, and the optimization of the logistics chain is inseparable from the optimization of logistics systems as carriers of its realization. The simultaneous and comprehensive optimization of all the links in the logistics chain is the goal, challenge, motive and need. Solving these problems requires different virtues, knowledge, skills. The goal is beauty, a harmonious realization of flows with all the characteristics of variability, randomness. On the other hand, true virtue is exalted, and women possess true virtues. Women, as architects of logistics chains, find the best combinations of characteristics of logistics processes and systems. In addition to the sublime, women tend to beautiful, and the power of beauty in the sublime creates a new dimension of virtue. In addition to the theoretical analysis of the relationship between women and logistics, the paper presents data on education, participation and status of women logistics engineers in the world and in Serbia.

Queerspace: Sexualized spaces revisited

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diepiriye Sungumote Kuku Kuku-Siemons
Keyword(s):  
Personal Narrative ◽  
American South ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
The World ◽  
The American South

Reflecting on lessons learned from the endemic and tacit homophobia throughout his childhood in the American south, Diepiriye's personal narrative begins with realizing his first ally in a most unlikely corner. His best friend became the first in their class to grow breasts and the world seemed to collapse in on her much the same way the world abandoned him because of his effeminacy. Told in first person, this is the first chapter in a book that regards gender, race and class in the American south with critical the hindsight of a native who has now traversed the world, and currently resides on the other side.

scholarly journals Technology vs. sublime: Critique of contemporary cultural and entertainment industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-201
Author(s):  
Divna Vuksanovic ◽  
Dragan Calovic
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Entertainment Industry ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Traditional Understanding

Drawing on traditional understanding of the concept / category of the sublime, the authors approach to the concept / category of the sublime in an interdisciplinary manner, that is, from the perspective of contemporary philosophy of media. In this way, the text maintains a connection both to traditional aesthetics, on the one hand, and to critical theory of society, on the other. The authors problematize ?technologically sublime? as well as contemporary cultural and entertainment industry, both within the current social and economic constellations of relationships. The current transformation of the concept / category of the sublime, understood beyond the interpretation of nature and art, finds its new path of realization in the domain of technology, which is based on the capitalistic social and economic order, together with the industrialized, profitable world of entertainment. This technologically mediatized world, brings into relation the sublime and the world of entertainment in a dialectical way.

scholarly journals Lived body and the Other’s gaze: a phenomenological perspective on feeding and eating disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Mancini ◽  
Cecilia Maria Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lived Body ◽  
First Person ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Feeding And Eating Disorders ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
Third Person

AbstractAccording to the phenomenological perspective, the lived body disorder is a core feature of feeding and eating disorders (FEDs). Persons with FEDs experience their own body first of all as an object looked by another person, rather than coenaesthetically or from a first-person perspective. In particular, the main features of this disorder are: alienation from the own body and from the own emotions, disgust for it, shame, and an exaggerated preoccupation for the way in which one appears to the others. Phenomenological research has recently highlighted that the gaze of the Other plays an important role. Because persons with FEDs cannot have an experience of their own body from within or coenesthetically, they need to apprehend their own body from outside through the gaze of the Other. This way of apprehending one’s own body when it is looked by another person is called by Sartre the ‘lived body-for-others’. Normally, the constitution of one’s own body, and consequently of one’s own Self and identity depends on the dialectic integration between the first-person apprehension of one’s body (lived body) that it is based on coenaesthesia, and the third-person one, that it is based on the sense of sight (lived-body-for-others). When the dialectic is unbalanced toward the pole of the lived-body-for-others, experienced from without, the symptom occurs. Starting from these clinical observations, the so-called Optical-Coenaesthetic Disproportion model has been developed. In this paper, we describe this model, its philosophical and clinical foundations, and finally its clinical implication and its relationship with other disciplines, i.e., neurosciences. Level of evidence: V.

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