Role and advantage of cystatin C in kidney function monitoring during retroviral therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Maria Warwas ◽  
Katarzyna Juszczyńska ◽  
Ewa Mulewicz ◽  
Jakub Gburek
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Hiv Virus ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Virus Strains

The aim of the study is to evaluate the utility of cystatin C (Cys C) determination in monitoring of HIV seropositive patients, based on recent literature concerning clinical investigation. Determination of serum CysC concentration can be helpful in monitoring the kidney function and eGFR (estimated GFR) calculation, however infection and inflammation markers influence should be included. A risk assessment of the appearance of cardiovascular incidents and risks of the all-cause mortality can be the other application for this parameter. The urinary CysC concentration can serve as the diagnostic marker of kidney tubular injuries triggered with adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs eg. tenofovir. In order to introduce applications into the routine clinical practice, further research is essential. Research concerning antiviral activity of cystatin C suggest, that CysC suppresses the viral replication due to inhibition of HIV protease, but in some cases its inhibitory effect on cathepsin B may be harmful and cause progression of the infection. In order that CysC could effectively use in the future, further experiments are needed to evaluate its effect on all sort virus strains, both dependent and independent of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, strains of the HIV virus.

scholarly journals Cystatin C - more than the marker of the glomerular filtration rate

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velibor Cabarkapa
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Blind Area

Introduction. Cystatin C is one of biomarkers that meet the conditions necessary for an endogenous substance to be a marker of the glomerular filtration rate. Cystatin C - Properties. Cystatin C is produced in the nucleated cells in a constant amount, and its serum concentration does not depend on muscle mass and protein intake. The catabolism of cystatin C is mostly done in the kidneys. Determination of Cystatin C Level. Cystatin C may be determined in the serum, plasma, capillary blood and urine. The laboratory methods which are mainly used to determine its level are nephelometric and turbidimetric immunoassays. Cystatin C as a Marker of Glomerular Filtration Rate. Cystatin C is superior to creatinine as a marker of kidney function, especially in the early stages of chronic kidney disease. Several formulas are available for calculating the glomerular filtration rate from serum cystatin C. Cystatin C in Various Physiological/Pathophysiological Conditions. The level of cystatin C should be interpreted carefully because there are factors that can affect its level regardless of the renal function (thyroid dysfunction, glucocorticoids use, malignancies etc.). Higher cystatin C concentrations in general population are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, as well as with preeclampsia in pregnant women. Conclusion. The significant advantages of cystatin C as a kidney function marker are its use in the creatinine ?blind? area, in pediatric and the elderly population. In addition, cystatin C could be used as a marker for cardiovascular risk assessment, in predicting and detecting preeclampsia, in patients with malignant diseases, etc.

Identification of the Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in the Synergistic Neurotoxicity of an HIV Protease Inhibitor and Methamphetamine

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-303
Author(s):  
Sangsang Li ◽  
Yanfei Li ◽  
Bingpeng Deng ◽  
Jie Yan ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Hiv Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Dopaminergic Cells ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Background: The abuse of psychostimulants such as methamphetamine (METH) is common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients taking METH and antiretroviral drugs could suffer severe neurologic damage and cognitive impairment. Objective: To reveal the underlying neuropathologic mechanisms of an HIV protease inhibitor (PI) combined with METH, growth-inhibition tests of dopaminergic cells and RNA sequencing were performed. Methods: A combination of METH and PI caused more growth inhibition of dopaminergic cells than METH alone or a PI alone. Furthermore, we identified differentially expressed gene (DEG) patterns in the METH vs. untreated cells (1161 genes), PI vs. untreated cells (16 genes), METH-PI vs. PI (3959 genes), and METH-PI vs. METH groups (14 genes). Results: The DEGs in the METH-PI co-treatment group were verified in the brains of a mouse model using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and were involved mostly in the regulatory functions of cell proliferation and inflammation. Conclusion: Such identification of key regulatory genes could facilitate the study of their neuroprotective potential in the users of METH and PIs.

scholarly journals Determination of lethal concentration and antibacterial activity of commonly used disinfectants

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Alam ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MJ Foysal ◽  
MN Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Lethal Concentration

The toxic effects of four disinfectants viz., copper sulfate (CuSO4), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), methylene blue and malachite green on fish and fish pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Edwardsiella sp. and Flavobacterium sp. were investigated. Lethal concentration of the disinfectants to fingerlings of Labeo rohita was determined in aquarium by standard method. Lethal concentration of copper sulfate (CuSO4), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), methylene blue and malachite green against fish were found in 0.75ppm, 7ppm, 6ppm and 0.5ppm at 21.4hrs, 18hrs, 9.5hrs and 1.40hrs, respectively. Methylene blue at 4ppm and 5ppm concentration inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens and 6ppm concentration suppressed the growth of Aeromonas sp. Copper sulfate (CuSO4) was effective only against Edwardsiella sp at concentration of 10ppm and 8ppm. Malachite green repressed the growth of all four tasted bacteria at a concentration of 1ppm. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was failed to exhibit any inhibitory effect on the bacteria even at 30ppm concentration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i4.9738 IJNS 2011 1(4): 102-105

Study on the Influence of the Lime and Peanut Dry Cake Amend Pb Contaminated Soil with Pakchoi

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1755-1759
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Jin Xia Nie
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Underground Part ◽  
Lead Absorption ◽  
Experimental Soil

In order to study the soil amend agent how to suppress the function of the vegetables absorb Pb, the Pb was added in the experimental soil in pakchoi pot, The lime and peanut dry cake were added to the experimental soil as modifier, and the varying concentrate of modifiers, lead effect on pakchoi biomass and lead accumulate were discussed in this paper. Through the determination of Pb content of aboveground and underground part of pakchoi by ICP, the lime and peanut dry cake can resist lead absorption were proved, and the lime achieved better inhibitory effect of the two. By analyzed the BCF of two parts of pakchoi, two types of modifiers had proved can reduce the pakchoi BCF of Pb in the soil. The lime was more efficient than the peanut dry cake on reducing BCF of Pb.

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