Experimental studies of electrorheological properties of lubricating oils containing ionic liquid. Part 3. Microscopic examination of the ER effect mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Jarosław Juda ◽  
Tadeusz Kałdoński ◽  
Krzysztof Gocman ◽  
Tomasz Jan Kałdoński ◽  
Czesław Pakowski
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Elec Tric Field ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Liquid Part ◽  
Electrorheological Properties

The article presents the results of in situ microscopic observations of quasihomogenic mixtures of hydrocarbon oils containing ionic liquids. Observations were made using NIKON ECLIPSE LV 100 D optical microscope. The mechanism of generating the ER effect in two mixtures was observed, i.e., in silicone damping liquid GP-1, which is polimethylsiloksane mixture containing 2% (v/v) of ionic liquid CJ 001, i.e., tetrafluoroboran 1-methyl-3-octyloxymethylimidazolium and base polialfaolefine oil PAO-6 which containing 2% (v/v) of ionic liquid CJ 008, i.e., trihexyltertradecylfosfonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide as well as in the two-component standard liquid LID3354s. The ob-servations carried out showed that the prepared mixtures had generated the ER effect. At the threshold value E = 0.3 kV·mm–1, the ER effect disappeared. Photographs, presented in the paper, show changes in the structure of mixtures containing ionic liquids that occur under the influence of an external elec-tric field, consisting in the formation of „fibril chains and/or fibril streams” and then, their destruction and accumulation of ionic liquid particles at the electrodes. Keywords: electrorheological effect (ER), lubricating oils, ionic liquids, microscopy.

scholarly journals Experimental investigations on electrorheological properties of lubricating oils containing ionic liquid. Part. 1. Investigations with modified Brookfield DV-III Ultra Viscosimeter

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-63
Author(s):  
Jarosław Juda ◽  
Tomasz Jan Kałdoński ◽  
Tadeusz Kałdoński
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Lubricating Oils ◽  
Liquid Part ◽  
Special Stand ◽  
Electrorheological Properties ◽  
Selection Of

The results of experimental investigations on electrorheological (ER) properties of lubricating oils which contain ionic liquids, are presented in this article. The investigations were carried out on the special stand which was projected for this aim. On this stand there was used the modified Brookfield viscosimeter. Electrorheological properties of two mixtures were tested, i.e., silicone damping liquid GP-1 which is polimethylsiloksane mixture containing 2% (v/v) of ionic liquid CJ 001, i.e., tetrafluoroboran 1-methyl-3-octyloxymethylimidazolium as well as base polialfaolefine oil PAO-6 which contains 2% (v/v) of ionic liquid CJ 008, i.e., trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Selection of components of both mixtures was based on the results of investigations of miscible and on evaluation of basic phys-chem properties. The investigations showed that the made mixtures have generated the ER effect, but it was short-lived effect, suggesting the changes of inner structure of these mixtures. Therefore, we have planned the next investigations, among others dielectric spectroscopy and microscope observations in situ of these mixtures in external electric fields. The aim of those investigations will be to record the fading ER effect and to understand this mechanism. Keywords: electrorheological effect, homogenous mixtures, lubricants, ionic liquids

scholarly journals Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of BiOBr by in situ reactable ionic liquid modification for pollutant degradation

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 7956-7962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhidong Wei ◽  
Ruishuo Li ◽  
Rui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Pollutant Degradation ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light Photocatalytic

In this study, hierarchical BiOBr microspheres were synthesized via a one-pot solvothermal method in the presence of imidazole ionic liquids.

Shifting the equilibrium of methanol synthesis from CO2 by in situ absorption using ionic liquid media

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 3399-3405
Author(s):  
Jenny Reichert ◽  
Stephanie Maerten ◽  
Katharina Meltzer ◽  
Alexander Tremel ◽  
Manfred Baldauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Alkali Salt ◽  
In Situ Absorption

A promising way to increase the methanol yields in CO2 hydrogenation significantly up to 60% by in situ sorption of methanol and water in alkali salt-doped ionic liquids (ILs) is demonstrated.

Titanium deposition from ionic liquids – appropriate choice of electrolyte and precursor

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 4961-4965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A. Berger ◽  
Maria Arkhipova ◽  
Attila Farkas ◽  
Gerhard Maas ◽  
Timo Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Underpotential Deposition ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy

The underpotential deposition of titanium from an imidazolium-based ionic liquid was investigated by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy.

scholarly journals Quinone Redox-active Ionic Liquids

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Patrick Doherty ◽  
Sean Patterson ◽  
Laura Diaconu Diaconu ◽  
Louise Graham ◽  
Rachid Barhdadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Large Array ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Electron Transfer Processes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>Simple ionic liquids exhibit unique physical and chemical<br />properties that make them very useful for deployment in electrochemical<br />devices such as solvent-free electrolytes in capacitors and batteries.<br />However, incorporating redox functionality into ionic liquid<br />structures opens up in situ faradaic electrochemistry which allows access<br />to a large array of new electrochemical applications reliant upon<br />heterogeneous or homogenous electron-transfer processes. This paper<br />presents and discusses the opportunities and challenges for these types<br />of electro-materials across a myriad of applications by considering<br />exemplar quinone-functionalised ionic liquids.</p>

Uniformly deposited Pt nanoparticles onto crosslinked ionic liquids wrapped carbon nanotubes for methanol electrooxidation

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (86) ◽  
pp. 82726-82732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Luo ◽  
Zheng Zhou ◽  
Ye Ren ◽  
Guang-Xin Chen ◽  
Qifang Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Vinyl Benzyl

A type of skin-core structured hybrid with a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) center was synthesized by in situ free-radical polymerization of vinyl-benzyl ionic liquid and divinylbenzene on the outer surface of MWCNTs.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Recovery of Fermentative Organic Acids by Ionic Liquids: An Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Konstantza Tonova
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The main achievements of liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) of fermentative organic acids from their aqueous sources using a diverse range of ionic liquids are summarized since the first study appeared in 2004. The literature survey is organized in consideration of the distinct chemical structures of the organic acids. The acids discussed include mono– or dicarboxylic ones (butyric, L-malic and succinic acids), acids bearing both carboxyl and hydroxyl groups (L-lactic, citric and mevalonic acids), and volatile organic acids (mainly acetic acid). Information is given about ionic liquids applied in recovery, and the resultant extraction efficiencies and partition coefficients. As the topic is novel and experimental studies scarce, the selection of the ionic liquids that were tested still seems random. This may well change in the future, especially after improving the ecological and toxicological characteristics of the ionic liquids in order to bring about an “in situ” method of extraction without harming the microbial producers of the organic acids.

In-situ interferometry study of ionic mass transfer phenomenon during the electrodeposition and dissolution of Li metal in solvate ionic liquids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinori Miki ◽  
Kei Nishikawa ◽  
Go Kamesui ◽  
Hisayoshi Matsushima ◽  
Mikito Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Concentration Profile ◽  
Electrochemical Dissolution ◽  
Transfer Phenomenon ◽  
Ionic Mass Transfer ◽  
Ionic Mass ◽  
Mass Transfer Phenomenon

A digital holographic microscope was used to observe the Li+ concentration profile in-situ, accompanied by the electrodeposition and electrochemical dissolution of Li metal in a solvate ionic liquid. The concentration...

Electron microscopy using ionic liquids for life and materials sciences

Microscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Tsuda ◽  
Susumu Kuwabata
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Window ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Abstract An ionic liquid (IL) is a salt consisting of only cations and anions, which exists in the liquid state at room temperature. Interestingly ILs combine various favorable physicochemical properties, such as negligible vapor pressure, flame resistance, relatively high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, etc. To take advantage of two specific features of ILs, viz. their nonvolatile and antistatic nature, in 2006, Kuwabata, Torimoto et al. reported a milestone study led to current IL-based electron microscopy techniques. Thereafter, several IL-based electron microscopy techniques have been proposed for life science and materials science applications, e.g. pretreatment of hydrous and/or non-electron conductive specimens and in situ/operando observation of chemical reactions occurring in ILs. In this review, the fundamental approaches for making full use of these techniques and their impact on science and technology are introduced.

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