POLICE EDUCATION IN THE SECOND REPUBLIC OF POLAND — OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (SPECJALNY) ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
MARCIN PŁOTEK
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Professional Preparation ◽  
World War ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Police Education ◽  
Modern System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

The text is concerned with the history of police education in 1919–1939. The reconstruction of Polish statehood after World War I involved the establishment of a service responsible for security and order in the country in 1919. Parallel to the organisation of the State Police, work on the creation of a modern system of police education continued. Throughout the period of this force’s existence, many reorganisations were made in order to create a system that would ensure the professional preparation of police offi cers for service. The article presents only an outline of the changes related to police education in the interwar period, and does not fully exhaust this subject matter.

scholarly journals A history of the city written in a map – cartography as the mirror of socio-political events in Gdańsk in the years of 1918–1939

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bień
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> A cartographic map of Gdańsk in the years of 1918&amp;ndash;1939 was very different from the other maps of Polish cities. The reasons for some differences were, among others, the proximity of the sea, the multicultural mindset of the inhabitants of Gdańsk from that period, and some historical events in the interwar period (the founding of the Free City of Gdańsk and the events preceding World War II). Its uniqueness came from the fact that the city of Gdańsk combined the styles of Prussian and Polish housing, as well as form the fact that its inhabitants felt the need for autonomy from the Second Polish Republic. The city aspired to be politically, socially and economically independent.</p><p>The aim of my presentation is to analyze the cartographic maps of Gdańsk, including the changes that had been made in the years of 1918&amp;ndash;1939. I will also comment on the reasons of those changes, on their socio-historical effects on the city, the whole country and Europe.</p>

scholarly journals Seventy years of the Section for the history of medicine of the Serbian medical society

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Zoran Vacić
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
World War ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Period

This paper covers the forming of the Serbian Medical Society sections in the period until 1950, as well as the amendments made to the Rules of the Serbian Medical Society in 1919 and 1928. Prior to World War I, the Section for Tuberculosis was formed (1907). In the interwar period, seven specialist sections and one class section (Section of District Doctors for Belgrade, Zemun and Pančevo, 1931) were formed. After World War II, led by the all-pervasive enthusiasm in society of that time and the need for renewing and rebuilding all life segments in socialist Yugoslavia, new sections and regional branches of the Serbian Medical Society were established. The Section for the History of Medicine and Pharmacy was founded as the 16th section of the Serbian Medical Society, in 1950, and, in 1980, its name was changed to - Section for the History of Medicine. The first meeting of the Section was held on March 29, 1950. Professor Vladimir Stanojević, PhD, Medical Corps General, was elected the first President of the Section. The first lecture, delivered by Professor Aleksandar Đ. Kostić (Jedan stogodišnji srpski leksikon), is also described briefly in this paper. During its 70 years of work, the Section has experienced periods of rise and fall in its activity; while there has been formal continuity in its work, activity has been irregular (the regularity of the meetings, the number of communications, etc.), which is why its history can be divided into four periods. The Section achieved its best results in the first (1950-1978) and in its fourth (2009-2020) period. The second period (1978-1993) was characterized by a decrease in activity, while the third (1993-2009) was a period of complete inactivity. The Section had a fruitful publishing activity during the first and the fourth period. It was voted the best section of the Serbian Medical society twice - in 2016 and 2017.

scholarly journals IVAN BOBERSKYI'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE PREPARATION AND REALIZATION OF THE SHEVCHENKO CONGRESS, 1914 IN LVIV

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Andrii SOVA
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
World War ◽  
100Th Birthday ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

The article deals with the Shevchenkivskyi congress (other names – II Region congress, Great Memorable Shevchenkivskiy congress, Shevchenko's Jubilee congress, etc.), which took place in Lviv during June 27–29, 1914, on the occasion of the 100th birthday of Taras Shevchenko. The features of the organization and implementation of the congress, the contribution of the head of the Ukrainian gymnastic society «Sokol-Father» Ivan Boberskyi to this task were explored. The author draws attention to the fact that until 1914, Ukrainian «Sokol» and other Galicia companies did not carry out such large-scale events. It was cleared up the value of the congress in the development of national gymnastics and sports, which became the demonstration of a high-level national consciousness and dignity of the Ukrainians, a symbolic national association and a demonstration of political activity. Ivan Boberskyi did everything possible not only for the development of the Ukrainian community «Sokol» on the Ukrainian ethnic lands but also in the diaspora, the association with the Sich centers of Galicia, as well as for the consolidation of the Ukrainian nation. In the history of Galicia and in general the history of Ukraine, the Shevchenkivskiy congress, 1914 in Lviv remains one of the greatest cultural, social, political and sports events of the Galician Ukrainians in the XX century. After its successful conduction, Ivan Boberskyi in 1919 planned to hold the III Region Congress in Lviv. However, the events of World War I and the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1917–1923 prevented this. The prospects for further studies are to examine the course and results of the III Region congress, 1934, and the participation of the Ukrainian organizations in the All-Sokol congress in Prague during the interwar period. Keywords Ivan Boberskyi, Galicia, Lviv, Shevchenkivskyi congress, consolidation of Ukrainians.

scholarly journals More than the “Wife Corps”: Female Tenant Farmer Struggle in 1920s Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 127-155
Author(s):  
Wendy Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
World War ◽  
Tenant Farmer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rich History

AbstractStruggles over social reproduction intensified and took on new forms in Japan during the interwar period, as the state found it increasingly difficult to secure the foundations for the continued accumulation of capital. Landlord-tenant disputes that erupted nationwide in the midst of Japan's post-World War I agricultural recession was one concrete manifestation of these struggles. While the significance of tenant disputes has been analyzed in great detail by scholars, there has been a surprising lack of historical scholarship on the role that female tenant farmers played within them. This absence is a manifestation of two tendencies: First, gendered assumptions surrounding the figure of the tenant farmer have led scholars of agrarian social movements to work from a relatively limited understanding of what constitutes struggle and by extension, who its protagonists have been. Second, the conflation of waged work as productive work and by extension, non-waged work as unproductive has unwittingly relegated many forms of struggle that working women participated in to the realm of the pre-political. This paper contends that far from being mere supporters – the wife corps – of what was ultimately a male-driven movement, female participants in tenant disputes produced their own powerful critiques of the way that the Japanese state and capital undervalued their lives and labor. As such, they should be understood as one link in a rich history of proletarian feminist struggle both within and outside of the Japanese empire.

scholarly journals Czeski historyk Jaroslav Bidlo i jego udział w ruchu neosłowiańskim przed I wojną światową

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-359
Author(s):  
Marek Ďurčanský
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
History Of

Czech historian Jaroslav Bidlo and his involvement in the neo-slav movement before World War I The Czech historian Jaroslav Bidlo (1868–1937) was one of the few Austro-Hungarian scholars who possessed vast and critical knowledge in the field of history of Slavic nations. His knowledge was based on his own experience gathered in Polish and Russian academic circles before World War I. As a professor of the Czech Charles-Ferdinand University he was involved in the so-called Neo-Slav movement, which culminated in the “Slavic Congress” in Prague in July 1908, and in the edition of a collective monograph about the Slavic nations (Slovanstvo, Prague 1912). Bidlo used these opportunities to create his own synthetic concept of Slavic history, which he later successfully developed during the interwar period.

Ukraine and Ukrainians in the Post-Imperial Era (1917-1939)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennadyi YEFIMENKO ◽  
◽  
Stanislav KULCHYTSKY ◽  
Ruslan PYRIH ◽  
Vitaliyi SKALSKY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
State Building ◽  
World War ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The key problems of nation- and state-building are revealed in the concept of the chronotope of the Ukrainian “long twentieth century,” which is a hybrid projection of the long XIX century." An essential feature of this stage in the history of Ukraine and Ukrainians is the realization of the intentions of socioeconomic, ethnocultural and political emancipation: the end of the Ukrainian revolution, which began in the context of World War I and the destruction of the colonial system. The phenomenon of the Ukrainian revolution, the causes and circumstances of the victory of communist Bolshevism, the tragedy of the largest divided nation in Eastern Europe in the era of the formation and strengthening of totalitarianism are the key themes of the book. The interwar period is considered as a time of cultivation and critical aggravation of internal problems of the Ukrainian nation under the influence of assimilation and repressive practices of controversial state organisms. For a wide audience.

scholarly journals Sądownictwo powszechne w II Rzeczypospolitej (1917–1939). Założenia organizacyjne, budowa struktur, funkcjonowanie

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-759
Author(s):  
Lech Krzyżanowski
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
World War ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Interwar Poland ◽  
The Law ◽  
First Time

The judiciary system in the Second Republic of Poland (1917–1939): Organisational assumptions, structures, functioning The standardisation of legal provisions regulating the functioning of the judiciary system was one of the key challenges faced by the Second Republic of Poland at the dawn of its independence. The law that had been created by the partitioners was still used in the first years of interwar Poland. A regulation uniform for the whole country: the Law on Common Courts Organisation, had not entered into force until 1929. Under that regulation, women could enter the profession of judge for the first time in the country’s history. This must be recognized as one of the greatest achievements of interwar Poland, whereas one of its significant failures were the low salaries that hindered the functioning of the courts. Judges had protested against that throughout the interwar period, but they did not manage to gain any considerable pay increase. The 1930s also saw a dispute over judicial independence. The adherents of Józef Piłsudski, who ruled Poland at the time, tried to gain control over the judiciary system, which was perceived by the majority of judges as an attempt to limit their rights. Despite those turbulences, the assessment of actions taken in regard to the judiciary system in the interwar period should be positive. The functioning of the courts achieved a definitely higher level compared to the time before World War I.

Press Propaganda and Subaltern Agents of Pan-Islamic Networks in the Muslim Mediterranean World prior to World War I

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World War I ◽  
North Africa ◽  
World War ◽  
Subaltern Studies ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
The Press ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
History Of

This chapter explores movement and circulation across the Mediterranean and seeks to contribute to a history of proto-nationalism in the Maghrib and the Middle East at a particular moment prior to World War I. The discussion is particularly concerned with the interface of two Mediterranean spaces: the Middle East (Egypt, Ottoman Empire) and North Africa (Morocco), where the latter is viewed as a case study where resistance movements sought external allies as a way of compensating for their internal weakness. Applying methods developed by Subaltern Studies, and linking macro-historical approaches, namely of a translocal movement in the Muslim Mediterranean, it explores how the Egypt-based society, al-Ittihad al-Maghribi, through its agent, Aref Taher, used the press as an instrument for political propaganda, promoting its Pan-Islamic programme and its goal of uniting North Africa.

The War of Legs

Transfers ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-120
Author(s):  
Michael Pesek
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
World War ◽  
East African ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Belgian Congo

This article describes the little-known history of military labor and transport during the East African campaign of World War I. Based on sources from German, Belgian, and British archives and publications, it considers the issue of military transport and supply in the thick of war. Traditional histories of World War I tend to be those of battles, but what follows is a history of roads and footpaths. More than a million Africans served as porters for the troops. Many paid with their lives. The organization of military labor was a huge task for the colonial and military bureaucracies for which they were hardly prepared. However, the need to organize military transport eventually initiated a process of modernization of the colonial state in the Belgian Congo and British East Africa. This process was not without backlash or failure. The Germans lost their well-developed military transport infrastructure during the Allied offensive of 1916. The British and Belgians went to war with the question of transport unresolved. They were unable to recruit enough Africans for military labor, a situation made worse by failures in the supplies by porters of food and medical care. One of the main factors that contributed to the success of German forces was the Allies' failure in the “war of legs.”

scholarly journals History of the Military Nurse Corps and the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Lessons for the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A Talbot ◽  
E Jeffrey Metter ◽  
Heather King
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Nursing ◽  
History Of ◽  
1918 Influenza ◽  
The Military

ABSTRACT During World War I, the 1918 influenza pandemic struck the fatigued combat troops serving on the Western Front. Medical treatment options were limited; thus, skilled military nursing care was the primary therapy and the best indicator of patient outcomes. This article examines the military nursing’s role in the care of the soldiers during the 1918 flu pandemic and compares this to the 2019 coronavirus pandemic.

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