SISTEM BAGI HASIL PADA USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN LANGOWAN UTARA

The purpose of this study was to determine the profit sharing system between land owners and tenants in Langowan Utara Sub-District. This research was conducted for three months at Langowan Utara District from November 2020 to January 2021. The data used in this study are primary data which is processed based on interviews with 15 tenant farmer respondents who were taken intentionally and secondary data were obtained from the village office and sub-district office and literature in libraries and on the internet related to this research. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The results showed that the sharing of agricultural land in the village was carried out with a system of three or 1:2, the division was that the tenant farmers got two parts and the owner farmers got one share, the provision of seeds, fertilizers, labor, etc. until the harvest period is borne by the cultivator while the owner farmer only receives the net harvest without paying any fees.

From Baptist Tenant Farmer to Indigenous Oblate Priest: Jim Holland’s Journey of Missionary Hybridity

This biographical essay identifies the key factors and people that played a role in the development of Jim Holland’s hybrid identity. From his beginning as a Baptist in rural North Carolina, it traces his conversion to Roman Catholicism and his pursuit of priestly vocation to Canada’s Indigenous people, highlighting the significant ways he identified with the Indigenous community and offered ministry to them.

Tenancy Transition and the Effect of Liberalisation on Agricultural Land Leasing

This article studies tenancy transition in India during 2002–2012 and critically assesses the proposed Model Agricultural Land Leasing Act, 2016 in addressing the country’s current tenancy problems. The article is based on the National Sample Survey Organisation data of the 59th and 70th Rounds. Tenancy in India during the period studied has seen the increasing dominance of large-size farm holdings which have posed challenges to agriculture in India. The legalisation of leases, without disturbing the ownership rights of land owners, is essential for tenants and ensures them security, institutional credit and other governmental benefits. However, a complete liberalisation of the lease market without any legal stipulation on the duration, amount and registration of the lease, and the legal acceptability of lease documents to access institutional credit, crop insurance and other subsidised inputs may not provide a level playing field to the tenant farmer, especially when the lessor is rich and powerful. These concerns need to be addressed by the Model Act 2016 so as not to impinge on the goals of equity and efficiency enshrined in the Act. These concerns should also be addressed by all state governments as they frame tenancy laws in the future.

Analisis Pendapatan Ushatani Padi berdasarkan Status Penguasaan Lahan Sawah Irigasi Di Kecamatan Meureudu Kabupaten Pidie Jaya

Abstrak. Indonesia merupakan negara agraris karena mayoritas penduduknya bermata pencaharian sebagai petani. Tingginya pertambahan sehingga jumlah penduduk yang bertambah tidak sebanding dengan luas lahan yang tetap. Akibatnya lahan pertanian banyak dialih fungsikan menjadi areal non pertanian. Pada tahun 2017 rata-rata luas lahan yang dikuasai per RTP yaitu 2.589 m2. Akibatnya petani yang memiliki lahan sempit atau bahkan tidak memiliki lahan sawah sendiri akan memilih menggarap lahan sawah orang lain untuk menambah pendapatannya. Hal ini menyebabkan munculnya status penguasaan lahan petani pemilik penggarap, penyewa, penyakap dan pemegang gadai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pendapatan yang diperoleh pada usahatani padi sawah berdasarkan status penguasaan lahan petani pemilik-penggarap, petani penyakap, petani penyewa dan petani pemegang gadai di Kecamatan Meureudu Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Penentuan lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive sampling). Selanjutnya teknik pengambilan sampel ditentukan dengan cara stratified random sampling. Pengambilan sampel berdasarkan sistem penguasaan lahan sebesar 15%. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis biaya produksi, penerimaan, pendapatan, R/C Ratio dan Break Event Point (BEP). Hasil analisis pendapatan tertinggi yaitu pada petani dengan status lahan milik sebesar Rp. 8.322.235 /Ha/MT, selanjutnya pendapatan petani dengan status lahan sewa yaitu sebesar Rp. 8.201.947 /Ha/MT. Sedangkan pendapatan petani dengan status lahan gadai sebesar Rp. 8.075.218/Ha/MT. Pendapatan terendah yaitu pada status lahan sakap mencapai Rp. 8.029.151/Ha/MT. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan R/C Usahatani padi sawah beririgasi pada petani pemilik-penggarap dan petani penyewa lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan petani pemegang gadai dan petani penyakap.Analisys of Rice Farmers Incomes Based on Irrigated Land Tenure Status in The Sub-District of Meureudu Pidie Jaya RegencyAbstract. Indonesia is an agrarian country as the majority of the population worked as farmers. A significant population growth is not comparable with the availability of land area. Therefore, many of agricultural lands have been converted into non-agricultural areas. In 2017, the average of land area was controlled by RTP and reached 2,589 m2. Hence, the farmer who own small land or landless farmer tends to cultivate land of others in order to get the income. Later, it comes up with the term of tenure status; farmer, tenant farmer, sharecropper, and pawn holder. The aim of this study is to know the income of farmer, tenant farmer, sharecropper, and pawn holder in rice farming business based on the tenure status at Meureudu, Pidie Jaya. The location of this study is determined by conducting purposive sampling method. The sampling technique is conducted by using stratified random sampling. The sample is selected based on the percentage of tenure system at 15%. The hypothesis testing is conducted by analyzing the production cost, revenue, income, R/C Ratio and Break Event Point (BEP). The findings indicate that the analysis of the highest income is earned by the farmers who own the land of Rp. 8.322.235/Ha/MT and then the income of tenant farmers with the status of rental land of Rp. 8.201.947/Ha/MT. While the income of farmers with pawn land status are Rp. 8.075.218/Ha/MT. The lowest income is earned by sharecroppers of Rp. 8.029.151/Ha/MT. Based on the calculation of R/C; the irrigated paddy farming on farmer and tenant farmers is more profitable than sharecroppers and pawn holders.

„Dla powszechnego rozwoju, podniesienia i poprawy naszego księstwa”. Lokacje miast mazurskich w Prusach Książęcych (1525-1701)

The article presents the process of creation of new towns in the Duchy of Prussia (1525-1701), which later became Masuria. More specifically, the paper describes how a hamlet received a location privilege. The establishment of towns described here (Olecko, Gołdap, Węgorzewo, Giżycko,Pisz and Ełk) was initiated by Albert, the Duke of Prussia (1525-1568). He was motivated by the idea partially formulated in the location privilege: “For the general growth, elevation and betterment of our duchy”. The duke personally granted the location privilege only to Olecko, which was the sole town established on previously unsettled land. In the remaining cases, he only gave a verbal promise. This did not guarantee a rapid grant of thelocation privilege as the promise was fulfilled by the duke’s successors in the remaining cases. It happened first in case of Gołdap and Węgorzewo, just several years after the promise had been made. It took a little longer in case of Giżycko (after several decades), while Pisz and Ełk had to wait the longest (almost or more than 100 years). Each town had its own different origins. Gołdap was created quickly (1565-1570) on an area which used to be a duke’s grange. Węgorzewo, Giżycko, Pisz and Ełk waited for several hundred years for a legally binding location privilege. It is important to note that each of the aforementioned towns was established near a former castle of the Teutonic Order. Moreover, the hamlets which developed near the former castles had a different status but they all performed a market or craft function. With time, this function served as a basis for applying for the town privilege. The market function was originally carried out by the peasant hamlets in Węgrorzewo and Giżycko, even though the towns were createdon the tenant farmer villages. Furthermore, the old peasant hamlets still functioned but as the contemporary out-of-town jurydykas (German Schloβfreiheit). Pisz was established on the basis of an old peasant hamlet and it never was a tenant farmer village. In case of Ełk it was the exact opposite, there never was a separate peasant hamlet. The tenant farmervillage located there evolved into a town. Only two towns were founded due to the inhabitants’ initiative, namely Olecko and Gołdap. The remaining ones were established collectively by the whole community. Most frequently, it took place with the participation of the inhabitants of the former hamlets (Giżycko, Pisz, and Ełk). The former inhabitants did not participate in the process of town building only in the case of Węgorzewo and Gołdap.Generally speaking, each location privilege described here gave the towns the so-called town privilege (German Stadtrecht). It described in detail the area of land and the type of the town privilege which was granted (Culm law in each case). Moreover, it allowed the creation of town authorities (mayor, council and bench) and granted them the option to issue documents and statutes (German Willkür) as well as allowed them to possess a seal. Furthermore, it allowed the towns to organize markets and fairs on certainfixed dates as well as regulated the rights and obligations of the townsmen. Even though the location privilege formally meant the end of the town creation process as far the law was concerned, it did not mean that it was the end of its formation. Further steps had to be made to constitute the authorities and the bench, to write statutes (German Willkür), guild regulations, etc.

Parnell, Charles Stewart (1846–1891)

Charles Stewart Parnell was the first president of the Irish Land League (1879) and the leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party (1879–1891). Born to a Protestant landowning family in County Wicklow, Parnell was first elected to the House of Commons as a Home Rule League MP in 1875. Throughout his career, Parnell sought limited Home Rule for Ireland and a constitutional end to tenant farmer agitation through compromises with the English Liberal party. The Kilmainham Treaty, negotiated by the imprisoned leaders of the Land League in April 1882, secured both rent concessions for tenant farmers and the release of Parnell and other Land League leaders from Kilmainham Gaol.

Workplace Accident Prevalence and Associated Factors among Tobacco Farm in São Lourenço do Sul-RS, Brazil

Agriculture has the highest risk of accidents. In Brazil the reality of this situation is unknown owing to scarcity of studies and underreporting of workplace accidents in rural areas. This article aims to evaluate workplace accident prevalence and associated factors among tobacco farm in Sao Lourenco do Sul-RS, Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 488 tobacco farmers, assessing sociodemographic, behavioural, labour characteristics and association with workplace accidents occurring in their lifetime. The injury prevalence was 24%. Being male (PR 1.62; 95%CI 1.04-2.52), and tenant farmer (PR 1.87; 95%CI 1.29-2.72), bundling tobacco leaves (PR 2.00; 95%CI 1.14-3.52) and having minor psychiatric disorders (PR 1.58; 95%CI 1.06-2.35) were positively associated with accidents. 46% of serious injuries caused superficial lesions and 26% caused fractures. Rural workplace accident prevention policies need to be established, particularly for tobacco farming. Larger studies are needed to understand work process-related aspects that increase the risk of accidents.

Not without Blood, Sweat and Tears

The critical role played by agriculture in the modernisation of Japan, well-highlighted in the literature, is held to be a model worthy of emulation by latecomers. What this meant for the poor or the tenant farmer is something that does not get much attention. This article looks at the writings of a poor owner-tenant farmer, Teisuke Shibuya, who maintained a diary in the years 1925–6 in which he had graphically recorded the conditions in agriculture and the kind of life the peasant led. We also utilise a book Shibuya published 60 years after he started maintaining the notes which led to the publication of the diary. Shibuya, who actively struggled to raise peasant consciousness, was articulate and extremely well read, and could hold his own in debate with urban intellectuals. His writings are valuable as they convey the actual life of the peasantry during Japan’s modernisation drive. In Shibuya’s jottings, the emotions and feelings of the peasant who was exploited by the authoritarian state and the landlord system come through, presenting us with a picture that is vastly different from the standard academic writings on the subject, thus cautioning us when we uncritically attempt to learn lessons from the Japanese modernisation experience.

A Letter from Beagh

In March 1856, schoolmaster Patrick McGlynn wrote to magistrate Daniel J. Cruise, offering to betray the Molly Maguires, a secret society responsible for a decade of ‘outrages’—violence and intimidation—in west Donegal. With information supplied by McGlynn, the Constabulary lay several times in ambush for the Mollies at the house of a tenant farmer, James Gallagher of Beagh, who had been targeted by them, but failed to intercept them. Pressed by Cruise, McGlynn revealed himself to be a Molly Maguire and named over twenty men as members of the society. Some twenty-three to twenty-nine men were arrested in a series of coordinated raids on 9 June; conspicuous among their leaders were publicans cum road contractors. One of the arrested men, Condy McHugh, also turned informer.