scholarly journals Societal attitudes toward death and awareness of death confirmation: an internet survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (SUPPLEMENT 2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bożena Majchrowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Tomaszewska ◽  
Edyta Guty
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Attitudes Towards Death ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
High Level

Background: The progress and development of treatment methods and techniques have made the previous criteria for recognizing human death imprecise and insufficient. Thus, a medical line had to be drawn between life and death. Attitudes towards death and awareness concerning its confirmation, although often marginalized, undergo significant changes over time depending on the social space they concern. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to examine social attitudes towards death and the level of awareness concerning its confirmation. Material and methods: This research on attitudes and knowledge regarding brain death involved 400 randomly selected respondents who were Internet users. The research was conducted from September 2019 to January 2020 using the CAWI method and a proprietary questionnaire. Results: An older age, a higher level of education, and less frequent religious practice were significantly associated with knowledge of brain death. Of particular note, more complete knowledge of brain death was associated with greater support for organ transplantation, and this relationship was most evident in individuals willing to donate their own organs. Conclusions: There is a clear variation in the level of knowledge about brain death. At least a high level of knowledge was held by 40.3% (161) of the respondents, and the same percentage was seen for those with at most a low level of knowledge (40.3%, 161). Regardless of who would be the organ donor, whether a loved one or a stranger, the respondents overwhelmingly supported organ transplantation after death. Acceptance of organ donation was higher when respondents had more knowledge of what brain death is

scholarly journals Confirming the Brain Death and the Nurse’s Tasks in the Care of Potential Organ Donors and Their Families

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Beata Haor ◽  
◽  
Sylwia Wróblewska ◽  
Klaudia Daszuta ◽  
Dominik Daszuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Craniocerebral Trauma ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Brain Contusion ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Key Words Transplantation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Living Person

Introduction. Transplantology is the youngest area of medicine dealing with organ transplantation that is considered to be the most difficult. Aim. The aim of the work is to analyse the nurse’s tasks in the care of the organ donor after confirming brain death and propagate the idea of transplantology. Case Report. A 52-year-old patient admitted to the hospital at the neurological department after a craniocerebral trauma. Computed tomography of the head showed brain contusion, fractures of the bones of the skull cover, the presence of a small amount of air in the cranial cavity. Immediately after admission, the patient was tangled, conscious, reluctant to answer questions, without paresis and a short-term seizure. Anti-oedema and anti-epileptic treatment was implemented in the neurosurgery department. After starting treatment, there was a temporary improvement, followed by a secondary worsening of brain and brain stem failure with deep cerebral coma. The patient was referred for further treatment in the Intensive Care Unit. Discussion. Organ transplantation involves collecting them from the donor and implanting them into the recipient. The donor can be either a living person (when it comes to paired organs or fragment of the liver as well as the tissues and cells) or the deceased person, who during their life did not express objection to organ donation after their death. The major principle in this case is the pronouncement of brain death, i.e. confirmation of patient’s death resulting in changing the therapeutic goals. Conclusions. Transplantology is an interdisciplinary field of medicine, the success of which relies on the cooperation of many professionals. The nurse takes an active part in the team’s work starting from the donor’s organs eligibility, through transplantation, to the care of the patient after the transplantation. The nurse also participates in building up an atmosphere favourable for good relations with the potential donor’s family. (JNNN 2019;8(3):124–132) Key Words: transplantation, brain death, nursing care

PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNITY OF KNOWLEDGE, COMPETENCIES, AND VALUES OF THE NEW UKRAINIAN SCHOOL

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Oksana Yakymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Essential Characteristic ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Pedagogical Action ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Competencies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Unity Of Knowledge ◽  
Educational Potential

The formation of a powerful, active, and dynamic axiological foundation of personality is one of the essential tasks of the competency approach because even a high level of knowledge and skills acquired in the process of learning and education cannot ensure the integrity and progressively oriented unity of personal and professional competencies for future successful life, socio-cultural and professional self-realization. Given this, within the competence paradigm of education, qualitatively new content is the unity of learning and education. If before a significant amount of theoretical knowledge, detached from real life, had a shallow educational potential, now any pedagogical action, even focused on the cognitive assimilation of basic scientific knowledge, will have a worldview. An essential characteristic of the competency approach in education is that it can ensure each student’s unique structure the unity of knowledge, competencies, and values.

Pengamalan Hidup Beragama dalam Kalangan Mahasiswa Institut Pengajian Tinggi Islam di Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
Nazneen Ismail ◽  
Norul Huda Bakar ◽  
Mariam Abd. Majid ◽  
Hasnan Kasan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Religious Devotion ◽  
Muslim Religiosity ◽  
High Level

Religious life, which also refers to piety, is the highest level as a Muslim. It is achieved through the practice of religious devotion and appreciation based on true understanding. As students of Islamic Institutes of Higher Education (IPTI), they have a reputation as a group that understands and practices Islam in everyday life. This includes faith, worship, and morals. Various studies have been conducted to evaluate the religious life of university students. However, studies on students of Islamic Institutes of Higher Education (IPTI) have received inadequate attention. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the level of religious practice among students of Islamic Institutes of Higher Education (IPTI) in Malaysia. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional survey approach by distributing the Muslim Religiosity Personality Inventory questionnaire or the MRPI (2011) to students from four selected Islamic Institutes of Higher Education (IPTI). The selection was conducted using zone-based methods, namely, UIAM (West), USIM (South), UniSHAMS (North), and KUIPSAS (East). A total of 400 sets of questionnaires was distributed randomly to students from the selected universities. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequency and mean. The findings show that students possess a high level knowledge of Islamic values and a high religiosity personality. Thus, this study is a basis to the requirement for establishing a specific model in the development of religious life so that empowerment can be done from time to time with the supervision of the university. ABSTRAK Hidup beragama juga disebut sebagai takwa merupakan tingkatan tertinggi sebagai Muslim. Ia dicapai melalui pengamalan dan penghayatan agama yang tinggi berasaskan kepada kefahaman yang benar. Sebagai mahasiswa Institut Pengajian Tinggi Islam (IPTI) mereka mempunyai imej sebagai golongan yang memahami dan mengamalkan Islam dalam kehidupan seharian. Ini meliputi akidah, ibadah dan akhlak. Pelbagai kajian telah dijalankan untuk menilai tahap hidup beragama mahasiswa universiti. Namun, kajian terhadap mahasiswa IPTI didapati kurang diberikan tumpuan. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan mengenalpasti tahap pengamalan hidup beragama dalam kalangan mahasiswa Institut Pengajian Tinggi Islam (IPTI) di Malaysia. Kajian ini bersifat kuantitatif menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan keratan rentas dengan mengedarkan borang soal selidik Muslim Religiositi Personality Inventory atau singkatannya MRPI (2011) kepada mahasiswa daripada empat buah IPTI terpilih. Pemilihan IPTI dilakukan melalui kaedah penentuan zon iaitu UIAM (Barat), USIM (Selatan), UniSHAMS (Utara) dan KUIPSAS (Timur). Sebanyak 400 set soal selidik diedarkan kepada mahasiswa universiti secara rawak bebas. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif melibatkan frekuensi dan min. Dapatan menunjukkan mahasiswa mempunyai tahap pengetahuan sarwajagat Islam dan personaliti religiositi yang tinggi. Justeru, kajian ini menjadi asas kepada keperluan pembinaan model khusus bagi pembangunan hidup beragama supaya pemerkasaan dapat dilakukan dari masa ke masa dengan pemantauan daripada pihak universiti.

scholarly journals Lived Experiences of Iranian Nurses Caring for Brain Death Organ Donor Patients: Caring as “Halo of Ambiguity and Doubt”

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Keshtkaran ◽  
Farkhondeh Sharif ◽  
Elham Navab ◽  
Sakineh Gholamzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Brain

<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Brain death is a concept in which its criteria have been expressed as documentations in Harvard Committee of Brain Death. The various perceptions of caregiver nurses for brain death patients may have effect on the chance of converting potential donors into actual organ donors.</p><p>Objective: The present study has been conducted in order to perceive the experiences of nurses in care-giving to the brain death of organ donor patients.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> This qualitative study was carried out by means of Heidegger’s hermeneutic phenomenology. Eight nurses who have been working in ICU were interviewed. The semi-structured interviews were recorded bya tape-recorder and the given texts were transcribed and the analyses were done by Van-Mannen methodology and (thematic) analysis.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>One of the foremost themes extracted from this study included ‘Halo of ambiguity and doubt’ that comprised of two sub-themes of ‘having unreasonable hope’ and ‘Conservative acceptance of brain death’. The unreasonable hope included lack of trust (uncertainty) in diagnosis and verification of brain death, passing through denial wall, and avoidance from explicit and direct disclosure of brain death in patients’ family. In this investigation, the nurses were involved in a type of ambiguity and doubt in care-giving to the potentially brain death of organ donor patients, which were also evident in their interaction with patients’ family and for this reason, they did not definitely announce the brain death and so far they hoped for treatment of the given patient. Such confusion and hesitance both caused annoyance of nurses and strengthening the denial of patients’ family to be exposed to death.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The results of this study reveal the fundamental perceived care-giving of brain death in organ donor patients and led to developing some strategies to improve care-giving and achievement in donation of the given organ and necessity for presentation of educational and supportive services for nurses might become more evident than ever.</p>

scholarly journals Real-Time Healthcare Intelligence in Organ Transplantation

2018 ◽  
pp. 128-152
Author(s):  
Bruno Fernandes ◽  
Cecília Coimbra ◽  
António Abelha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Potential Organ Donor ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Deceased Donors ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Donor Criteria

Organ transplantation is the best and often the only treatment for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, the universal shortage of deceased donors results in a worrying situation that must be addressed. Brain dead donors constitute the largest share of organ donors, but identifying a patient that may progress to brain death can be a complex task. Therefore, the urgent need of intelligent solutions to support the decision-making process is crucial in critical areas as the organ transplantation is. This work aims at acquiring knowledge on the potential organ donor criteria for further detection and implementing a platform to assist the process of identification of potential organ donors at Centro Hospitalar do Porto – Hospital de Santo António. The developed system is currently implemented and displays a steady and competent behavior providing consequently a way to have more control of the information needed for the decision-making process

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