Advanced Issues of Health Informatics and Clinical Decision Support System in Global Health Care

This chapter indicates the advanced issues of health informatics; the advanced issues of Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS); CDSS and Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE); the false positive alerts in CDSS; and CDSS and biomedical engineering. Health informatics and CDSS are the advanced health care technologies with the support of many technological fields. Health informatics and CDSS apply various computerized devices to provide enhanced health-related outcomes in terms of problem solving, analytical thinking, and decision making. Health informatics and CDSS help clinicians and health care providers to make complex information useful in supporting clinical decisions, thus delivering the best standard of care for each patient. The chapter argues that utilizing health informatics and CDSS has the potential to increase health outcomes and reach strategic goals in global health care.

Real-Time Healthcare Intelligence in Organ Transplantation

Organ transplantation is the best and often the only treatment for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, the universal shortage of deceased donors results in a worrying situation that must be addressed. Brain dead donors constitute the largest share of organ donors, but identifying a patient that may progress to brain death can be a complex task. Therefore, the urgent need of intelligent solutions to support the decision-making process is crucial in critical areas as the organ transplantation is. This work aims at acquiring knowledge on the potential organ donor criteria for further detection and implementing a platform to assist the process of identification of potential organ donors at Centro Hospitalar do Porto – Hospital de Santo António. The developed system is currently implemented and displays a steady and competent behavior providing consequently a way to have more control of the information needed for the decision-making process

Indian Healthcare Service Management Through Data Mining

The main intention of our method is to provide better Healthcare services over the rural areas in terms of prediction of the chief hospitals with required basic facilities around that particular area. Accordingly, a Questionnaire survey is made for collecting the relevant hospital data around the Odisha region. Then, the concept of data mining is utilized in order to extract the data from the Questionnaire. Further, Incremental Spanning algorithm is introduced here for the mining of data from the Questionnaire. In the Questionnaire, appropriate score values were assigned for each category based on the requirement. Moreover, the hospital satisfying all the required components within the Questionnaire have to be determined for predicting the better hospitals. The Genetic Algorithm is introduced so as to determine the maximum of the score values obtaining for the input hospital data. Finally, the ranking of first five supreme hospitals is determined around the Odisha region.

Augmented Reality in Surgery

In the surgical field, the patient's needs and requirements increasingly follow the newest technological developments. Nowadays it is still problematic to implement different types of technologies in operating environments due to the drawbacks that these can bring to their users and their longstanding learning process. A research was carried out with the objective of clarifying concepts and gathering some existing approaches to the solution of these problems as well as the respective technologies used. This chapter addresses a new concept of mobile applications for surgical planning using augmented reality technologies. The proposed solution aims to help the surgeon from the planning stage to the surgery intervention itself. In addition to some examples and practical demonstrations of the solution, its implementation process and system architecture are described and explained. Based on the developed prototype, the advantages of its use in a surgical context are discussed, being pointed out some improvements to be made.

Pervasive Computing in Supporting Pediatric and Neonatology Care Unit Decision Process

Neonatal units, and especially the sections devoted to intensive care require an individualized medical prescription, based on body weight and gestational age making them among the hospital settings where treatment errors are most likely to occur. These errors may harm patients and their families, as well as increase the duration of hospital stay and its costs. Tools such as Sabichão have sought, over the last years, to aid clinical decision-making to reduce clinical error. However, with the increased use and dissemination of mobile platforms, it's now possible and essential to bring the available assistance closer to the health providers and their practice. This paper describes a Framework that seeks to present itself as a more efficient and ubiquitous alternative to an existing Clinical decision support system.

Promoting Better Healthcare for Patients in Critical Condition

The high cost of healthcare services, the aging population and the increase of chronic disease is becoming a global concern. Several studies have indicated the need to minimize the process of hospitalization and the high cost of patient care. A promising trend in healthcare is to move the routines of medical checks from a hospital to the patient's home. Moreover, recent advances in microelectronics have boosted the advent of a revolutionary model involving systems and communication technology. This new paradigm, the Internet of Things (IoT), has a broad applicability in several areas, including healthcare. Based on this context, this chapter aims to describe a computer platform based on IoT for the remote monitoring of patients in critical condition. Furthermore, it is planned to approach the current advances and challenges of conceiving and developing a set of technology-centric, targeting issues relevant to underdeveloped countries, particularly in regards to Brazil's health infrastructure.

Business Intelligence for Nutrition Therapy

The assessment of health status in communities throughout the world is a massive information technology challenge. Data warehousing provides a flexible environment to support the business management and serve as an integrated repository for data. With the addition of models and analytic tools that have the potential to provide actionable information resources and support effective problem identification, critical decision-making, and strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. Of particular interest are the factors of influence like the patient's height or weight and its impact on processes and results. A multidimensional process is a way to discover health care processes according to certain factors of influence. This study aims to implement a data warehousing environment for decision support, in the context of nutrition evaluation, to integrate data obtained from a health care facility. This paper highlights the implementation of Business Intelligence in health care settings allows searching and interpreting stored information to support decisions concerning people's life.

Applied Business Intelligence in Surgery Waiting Lists Management

With the advent of computer science in hospitals, Electronic Health Record comes up, with the aim of bringing the new information technologies to the hospital environment with the promise not only to replace the paper process, but also to improve and provide better patient care. The operationalization of the EHR in supporting evidence-based practice, complex and conscientious decision-making, and improving the quality of healthcare delivery has been supported by the Business Intelligence (BI) technology. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the Portuguese health system has been confronted with a chronic problem, waiting time for surgery, due to inability to respond to demand for surgical therapy. Therefore, using business intelligence and information, obtained with the construction of dashboards, can help, for example, allocating hospital resources and reducing waiting times.

Benefits of Bring Your Own Device in Healthcare

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) has become very popular topic in information technology because this approach allows the employees to bring their personal devices into organization and they want to use them to access the organization information. This trend has some benefits both for organization and to employees. This paper aims to identify those benefits as well the advantages and disadvantages of BYOD usage in organization. Also, it is present a SWOT analysis of BYOD usage. It is introduced an approach about BYOD in healthcare also. Utilizing personal devices at work is beneficial to organizational employees because they are in some way satisfies, and they have more freedom and choice to use their devices. This freedom and choice can easily lead the employees to be more productivity, flexibility. The organization who embraces BYOD policies found their employees happier, more productive, and more collaborative.

Internet of Things in Pervasive Healthcare Systems

Throughout the stunning development of wireless communication technologies, sensors and wireless sensor networks (WSN) are being used in almost every area, such as in healthcare field. The ubiquitous sensing enabled by WSN technologies, in particularly the wireless medical sensor network (WMSN), might be one important key success factor in the modern medical system. The recent advances, and wireless devices proliferation, had proved the technical feasibility of the pervasive health care systems. The data collected by sensors are very sensitive and important, and the leakage of them could compromise security and privacy. This work presents the pervasive health care systems (PHCS) focusing on security and privacy of pervasive environments.