Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the milk production of dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Ivan Imrich ◽  
Róbert Toman ◽  
Martina Pšenková ◽  
Eva Mlyneková ◽  
Tomáš Kanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Index Value

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental housing conditions on the milk yield of dairy cows. Measurements were taken in the summer period from June to September 2020 and in the winter period during January 2021 on a large-capacity farm of Holstein Friesian cattle. Cows were housed in free stall barn with the lying boxes and selected during the second or third lactations, in the summer period from the 51st day to the 135th day and in the winter period from the 64th day to the 120th day of lactation. The average temperature in the housing was 23 °C in summer, and 7.05 °C in winter. The average THI (thermal humidity index) value in summer was 70.43, but during the day the THI values sometimes reached 75. The dairy cows were therefore exposed to heat stress during summer. Increasing THI and temperature values negatively affected the milk yield, as there was a negative correlation between both THI and milk yield (r = -0.641; p <0.01) and temperature and milk yield (r = -0.637; p <0.01). Milk production in winter was at 58.77 kg per day and in summer at 49.55 kg per day. In the summer, the milk had a significantly lower content of fat (p <0.05), proteins (p <0.001), lactose (p <0.001), minerals (p <0.001) and conversely, a higher number of somatic cells (p <0.01). These results show that worse environmental conditions during the summer negatively affected the level of milk yield and the composition of the cows’ milk.

The influence of cow genetic merit for milk production on response to level of concentrate supplementation in a grass based system

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 57-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dillon ◽  
J. Kennedy ◽  
P. Faverdin ◽  
L. Delaby ◽  
F. Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Pre-1990 published responses to supplementation at pasture ranged from 0.4 to 0.6kg milk/kg concentrate fed. However since 1990 higher responses to concentrate supplementation at pasture have been published (Delaby 2001). The objective of this study was to determine if milk production responses of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows to concentrate supplementation at pasture are influenced by genetic merit (milk yield potential) in a spring calving grass based system of milk production.

scholarly journals The state in the sector of milk production in European Union and in our country

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Perisic ◽  
Z. Skalicki ◽  
V. Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
The State ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Production Trend

The paper gives an analysis of the state in milk production from the aspect of total produced quantities of milk and total purchased quantites of milk by the diaries in EU. The number of farms engaged in cattle production has been analyzed, along with the farms engaged in milk production. Trend in development of cattle breeding in EU is going in the direction of decreasing the number of farms raising the breeding stocks of dairy cows and to the simultaneous increase in the number of cows per farm for milk production with constant increase of the quantity of milk produced per cow. In 2008 the number of cows per farm in EU27 was on average 9.8 cows, in EU25 on average 16.6 cows, with great variation among member countries observed. Average milk yield in total cow population in 2008 in EU15 was 6646 kg, in EU25: 6357 kg and in EU27: 6133kg. In Serbia the average milk yield in registered cows of Simmental breed is about 4500 kg, and in Holstein Friesian breed around 8700 kg. It is important to emphasize that in Serbia there is a far less number of cows under controlled milk yield (around 5.5% Simmental cows in total number), and that there is a decline observed in the number of cattle in Serbia in the last decade per average rate of 2-3 % annually.

scholarly journals Effect of Age at First Calving on First Lactation Milk Yield, Lifetime Milk Production And Longevity of Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Anna Sawa ◽  
Kamil Siatka ◽  
Sylwia Krężel-Czopek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Friesian Cows

AbstractThe objective of the study was to analyse the effect of age at first calving (AFC) on first lactation milk yield, lifetime milk production and longevity of dairy cows. The study used SYMLEK data on the milk yield and culling of 111 857 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows from the active population in Pomerania and Kujawy, Poland. The cows first calved during 2000–2009 and were used or removed from the herds until the end of 2015. For each cow, calculations were made of first lactation milk yield, lifetime milk production, first lactation milk yield per milking day, lifetime milk production per day, as well as the lifespan (length of productive life, duration of rearing) and number of calvings. Based on the age at first calving (duration of the rearing period), the cows were grouped as follows: ≤22, 22.1–24.0, 24.1–26.0, 26.1–28.0, 28.1–30.0, 30.1–32.0 and >32 months. The GLM, CORR PEARSON and FREQ procedures from the SAS package were used in the statistical calculations. Considering first lactation milk yield, lifetime milk production and longevity, it is recommended that the cows should be first milked between 22.1 and 26.0 months of age. This is supported by the approximately 24% higher lifetime milk production in relation to the latest calving cows (P<0.01). Late commencement of the first milking (especially after 28 months) causes a considerable decrease in the first lactation milk yield and lifetime milk production, shortens the productive period, reduces the number of calvings, and increases culling rate due to low milk yield and udder diseases.

scholarly journals Effects of high air temperatures on milk efficiency in dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brouček ◽  
Š. Mihina ◽  
Š. Ryba ◽  
P. Tongeľ ◽  
P. Kišac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Mist Cooling

26 herds with 71 586 individual records were used. We tested a hypothesis that milk efficiency was influenced by the elevation of the farm, housing system, breed, area of altitude, and by the cooling of dairy cows. There were 20 herds from lowlands and 6 herds from mountains, 20 herds from free-stall housing, 6 herds from tie-stall housing. 8 herds consisted of Slovakian Pied cattle, 4 herds of Red Holstein cattle, 11 herds of Black-Pied Lowland cattle and 3 herds of Slovakian Pinzgau cattle. The herds were divided into 4 groups according to the nearest meteorological station, and they were distributed according to the type of cooling. 10 herds were cooled by misting, 16 herds by fans. We recorded from 96 to 117 summer days and from 49 to 63 tropical days in lowlands for this summer period. Ninety days with temperature-humidity index (THI) above 72.0 were found in the lowest-elevation area. During 55 days we recorded the values higher than 78.0. Production of milk was higher in lowlands than in mountains (8 761.4 kg vs. 6 372.0 kg; P &lt; 0.01). Differences were also recorded in the evaluation of fat and protein production (346.0&nbsp;kg vs. 275.9 kg; P &lt; 0.01; 282.6 kg vs. 205.9 kg; P &lt; 0.001). Milk and protein production was higher in free-stall housing than in tie-stall housing (8 656.3 kg vs. 6 722.1 kg; P &lt; 0.05; 278.7 kg vs. 218.9 kg; P &lt; 0.05). The highest milk production was recorded in Black-Pied Lowland cattle (8 832.7 kg) and the lowest in dairy cows of Slovakian Pinzgau cattle (6 058.0 kg). The mist cooling of dairy cows increased (P &lt; 0.05) the amount of produced milk and protein (9 234.4 kg vs. 7 569.7 kg; 293.5 kg vs. 247.1 kg). &nbsp;

scholarly journals The Effect of Feeding Management and Culling of Cows on the Lactation Curves and Milk Production of Primiparous Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1959
Author(s):  
Jolanta Różańska-Zawieja ◽  
Stanisław Winnicki ◽  
Joanna Zyprych-Walczak ◽  
Alicja Szabelska-Beręsewicz ◽  
Idzi Siatkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Lactation Phase ◽  
Peak Lactation

The study attempted to estimate the lactation curves of primiparous dairy cows in relation to their feeding management. Therefore, the first aim of the study was to determine and compare the lactation curves of primiparous dairy cows using Wood’s model and to estimate the association between the lactation curves and feeding management. The second objective was to investigate the effect of the culling rate on improvement in the milk yield of primiparous dairy herds. The study was conducted on four commercial dairy farms of Polish Holstein–Friesian cows using different feeding systems (TMR—total mixed ration and PMR—partial mixed ration) and management (T1—one TMR throughout lactation; P1—one PMR throughout lactation; T2 and T3—three feed periods such as FRESH, TMR I and TMR II according to days in milk). The data used for the study were obtained from monthly milk performance evaluations of 1662 primiparous cows conducted by the Polish Federation of Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farmers throughout the year 2015. Wood’s lactation model was used to plot curves for milk yield, fat and protein content, lactose content, and milk urea contents. The highest milk yield for the whole lactation and in the peak lactation phase was recorded for cows in herd T1. This herd reached peak lactation on day 105 of milking, with an average milk yield of 42.1 kg, which was about 5 kg more milk than in the other herds. The study showed that the culling of primiparous cows in herd T1 after 30, 60 and 90 days of lactation prevented a significant reduction in milk yield in a 305-day lactation. It also increased average milk production by 1586.9 kg per primiparous dairy cow.

Locomotor activity and daily milk yield of dairy cows during the perioestrous period in successive lactations

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Miciński ◽  
Grzegorz Zwierzchowski ◽  
Wojciech Barański ◽  
Magdalena Gołębiowska ◽  
Miroslav Maršálek
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Herd Management ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Calving Intervals ◽  
Daily Milk

Locomotor activity and daily milk yield of dairy cows during the perioestrous period in successive lactationsThe experiment was conducted in a herd of high-producing Holstein-Friesian cows, using the AfiFarm Herd Management Software, to analyze their locomotor activity during 236 oestruses in relation to the daily milk yield determined during the periooestrous period in four successive production and reproductive cycles. Day "0" was the day of the observed oestrus. Locomotor activity and milk production levels were monitored five days before and five days after oestrus. A correlation was noted between high milk yield and the reproductive performance of cows. An increase in milk yield was accompanied by extended inter-pregnancy and inter-calving intervals and a drop in the insemination index which also tended to decrease in multiparous cows. Primiparous and the highest-yielding cows were characterized by the highest levels of locomotor activity. The physical activity of cows increased by around 67% during oestrus. However, daily milk yield declined at oestrus, compared with the average milk production levels determined five days before and five days after oestrus in each lactation. The installation of pedometers supported the detection of oestrus, including silent oestrus, in dairy cows, and the AfiFarm system was found to be an effective tool for dairy farming and herd management.

Effect of Herbal Galactogogue (Sanjivani biokseera) on Milk Yield and Milk Constituents in Lactating Kankrej Cattle at Organised Farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
H H Panchasara ◽  
A B Chaudhari ◽  
D A Patel ◽  
Y M Gami ◽  
M P Patel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Distinct Effect ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Group I ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding herbal galactogogue preparation (Sanjivani biokseera) on the milk yield and milk constituents in lactating Kankrej cows. Thirty-two lactating Kankrej cows in their 1st to 6th lactation were taken for the experiment from 3 days after calving up to 52 days postpartum. All the animals were fed as per the standard seasonally available roughages and concentrates to meet their nutritional requirements. The cows were randomly divided into two uniform groups of 16 cows in each according to initial milk yield and milk composition. The animals in group-I were not given any supplement and served as control. The animals in group-II were given Sanjivani biokseera (Naturewell Industries) @ 60 g per day for 1-month, commencing 3 days after calving, in addition to the usual feeds/fodders. A clear difference was observed in milk yield from day 8 onward of experiment between groups with significant (plessthan0 0.05) higher values from day 16-52 in cows fed herbal galactogogue as compared to control, but no such distinct effect on milk constituents was observed on day 52 when analyzed. The use of herbal galactogogue significantly (p lessthan 0.05) increased the overall average of 52 days milk production, which was 9.34 ± 0.21 lit/day in supplemented as compared to 7.75 ± 0.26 lit/day in control animals. It was concluded that herbal galactogogue (Sanjivani biokseera) could increase milk yield in lactating dairy cows through its galactopoetic property and improved rumen environment.

Comparison of milk production, mastitis, lameness and days to conception of Brown Swiss, Holstein and Holstein cross Brown Swiss dairy cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
G Wellwood ◽  
J K Margerison
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Mastitis is a complex disease causing inflammation of the udder, which has been estimated to cost the dairy farmer between £40-£117/cow per year (Stott et al., 2002). Economic loss occurs as a result of discarded milk, reduced milk yield and milk quality, increased vet costs and an increase in replacement costs. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of breed on the incidence of mastitis and somatic cell counts and milk production capabilities of Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss and Brown Swiss crossbred cows.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

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