scholarly journals The Effect of Feeding Management and Culling of Cows on the Lactation Curves and Milk Production of Primiparous Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1959
Author(s):  
Jolanta Różańska-Zawieja ◽  
Stanisław Winnicki ◽  
Joanna Zyprych-Walczak ◽  
Alicja Szabelska-Beręsewicz ◽  
Idzi Siatkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Lactation Phase ◽  
Peak Lactation

The study attempted to estimate the lactation curves of primiparous dairy cows in relation to their feeding management. Therefore, the first aim of the study was to determine and compare the lactation curves of primiparous dairy cows using Wood’s model and to estimate the association between the lactation curves and feeding management. The second objective was to investigate the effect of the culling rate on improvement in the milk yield of primiparous dairy herds. The study was conducted on four commercial dairy farms of Polish Holstein–Friesian cows using different feeding systems (TMR—total mixed ration and PMR—partial mixed ration) and management (T1—one TMR throughout lactation; P1—one PMR throughout lactation; T2 and T3—three feed periods such as FRESH, TMR I and TMR II according to days in milk). The data used for the study were obtained from monthly milk performance evaluations of 1662 primiparous cows conducted by the Polish Federation of Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farmers throughout the year 2015. Wood’s lactation model was used to plot curves for milk yield, fat and protein content, lactose content, and milk urea contents. The highest milk yield for the whole lactation and in the peak lactation phase was recorded for cows in herd T1. This herd reached peak lactation on day 105 of milking, with an average milk yield of 42.1 kg, which was about 5 kg more milk than in the other herds. The study showed that the culling of primiparous cows in herd T1 after 30, 60 and 90 days of lactation prevented a significant reduction in milk yield in a 305-day lactation. It also increased average milk production by 1586.9 kg per primiparous dairy cow.

scholarly journals Association of Feed Efficiency, Feeding Rate, and Behaviour with the Milk Performance of Dairy Cows

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-694
Author(s):  
Lenka Krpálková ◽  
Niall O’Mahony ◽  
Anderson Carvalho ◽  
Sean Campbell ◽  
Gerard Corkery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Milk Performance

Identification of the associations of cow feed efficiency with feeding behaviour and milk production is important for supporting recommendations of strategies that optimise milk yield. The objective of this study was to identify associations between measures of feed efficiency, feed intake, feeding rate, rumination time, feeding time, and milk production using data collected from 26 dairy cows during a 3 month period in 2018. Cows averaged (mean ± standard deviation) 2.2 ± 1.7 lactations, 128 ± 40 days in milk, 27.5 ± 5.5 kg/day milk, 1.95 ± 0.69 kg feed/1 kg milk—the measure used to express feed conversion ratio (FCR), 575 ± 72 min/day rumination time, and 264 ± 67 min/day feeding time during the observation period. The coefficient of variation for rumination time (min/d) was 12.5%. A mixed linear model was selected for analyses. The most feed inefficient cows with the highest FCR (≥2.6 kg feed/1 kg milk) showed the lowest milk yield (24.8 kg/day), highest feed intake (78.8 kg), highest feeding rate (0.26 kg/min) and BCS (3.35 point). However, the relative milk yield (milk yield per 100 kg of body weight) was the highest (4.01 kg/day) in the most efficient group with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk). Our study showed that the most efficient cows with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk) had the highest rumination time (597 min/day; p < 0.05), feeding time (298 min/day; p < 0.05), rumination/activity ratio (4.39; p < 0.05) and rumination/feeding ratio (2.04; p < 0.05). Less active cows (activity time 164 min/day; p < 0.05) were the most efficient cows with the lowest FCR (≤1.4 kg feed/1 kg milk). The behavioural differences observed in this study provide new insight into the association of feed behaviour and feed efficiency with milk performance. Incorporating feeding behaviour into the dry matter intake model can improve its accuracy in the future and benefit breeding programmes.

Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the milk production of dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Ivan Imrich ◽  
Róbert Toman ◽  
Martina Pšenková ◽  
Eva Mlyneková ◽  
Tomáš Kanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Index Value

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental housing conditions on the milk yield of dairy cows. Measurements were taken in the summer period from June to September 2020 and in the winter period during January 2021 on a large-capacity farm of Holstein Friesian cattle. Cows were housed in free stall barn with the lying boxes and selected during the second or third lactations, in the summer period from the 51st day to the 135th day and in the winter period from the 64th day to the 120th day of lactation. The average temperature in the housing was 23 °C in summer, and 7.05 °C in winter. The average THI (thermal humidity index) value in summer was 70.43, but during the day the THI values sometimes reached 75. The dairy cows were therefore exposed to heat stress during summer. Increasing THI and temperature values negatively affected the milk yield, as there was a negative correlation between both THI and milk yield (r = -0.641; p <0.01) and temperature and milk yield (r = -0.637; p <0.01). Milk production in winter was at 58.77 kg per day and in summer at 49.55 kg per day. In the summer, the milk had a significantly lower content of fat (p <0.05), proteins (p <0.001), lactose (p <0.001), minerals (p <0.001) and conversely, a higher number of somatic cells (p <0.01). These results show that worse environmental conditions during the summer negatively affected the level of milk yield and the composition of the cows’ milk.

Effect of lameness on the daily milk yield of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
O. M. Onyiro ◽  
S. Brotherstone
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Dairy Management ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

As a major health problem facing dairy farmers worldwide with substantial economic, production and welfare consequences, lameness has attracted much attention over the last two to three decades (Boelling, 1999). Lameness as a linear type trait is measured by locomotion scoring as there is a high genetic correlation between lameness and locomotion score. Studies have included locomotion (as a predictor of lameness) and have associated lameness with no effect, an increase and sometimes a decrease in milk production of cows. Several reasons have been given for these differences and the need still arises for estimates of the effect of lameness on milk yield in herds with current dairy management. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of lameness on the daily milk yield (DMY) of dairy cows.

The influence of cow genetic merit for milk production on response to level of concentrate supplementation in a grass based system

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 57-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dillon ◽  
J. Kennedy ◽  
P. Faverdin ◽  
L. Delaby ◽  
F. Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Pre-1990 published responses to supplementation at pasture ranged from 0.4 to 0.6kg milk/kg concentrate fed. However since 1990 higher responses to concentrate supplementation at pasture have been published (Delaby 2001). The objective of this study was to determine if milk production responses of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows to concentrate supplementation at pasture are influenced by genetic merit (milk yield potential) in a spring calving grass based system of milk production.

scholarly journals The Effect of Rumination Time on Milk Performance and Methane Emission of Dairy Cows Fed Partial Mixed Ration Based on Maize Silage

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Robert Mikuła ◽  
Marcin Pszczola ◽  
Katarzyna Rzewuska ◽  
Sebastian Mucha ◽  
Włodzimierz Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Milk Performance

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the rumination time on milk yield and composition as well as methane emission during lactation in high-yielding dairy cows fed a partial mixed ration based on maize silage without pasture access. A total of 365 high-yielding Polish Holstein-Friesian multiparous dairy cows were included in the study covering 24 to 304 days of lactation. Methane emission, rumination time, and milk production traits were observed for the period of 12 months. Next, the data from the cows were assigned to three groups based on daily rumination time: low rumination up to 412 min/day (up to 25th rumination percentile), medium rumination from 412 to 527 min/day (between the 25th and 75th percentile), and high rumination above 527 min/day (from the 75th percentile). Rumination time had no effect on milk yield, energy-corrected milk yield, or fat and protein-corrected milk yield. High rumination time had an effect on lower fat concentration in milk compared with the medium and low rumination groups. The highest daily CH4 production was noted in low rumination cows, which emitted 1.8% more CH4 than medium rumination cows and 4.2% more than high rumination cows. Rumination time affected daily methane production per kg of milk. Cows from the high rumination group produced 2.9% less CH4 per milk unit compared to medium rumination cows and 4.6% in comparison to low rumination cows. Similar observations were noted for daily CH4 production per ECM unit. In conclusion, a longer rumination time is connected with lower methane emission as well as lower methane production per milk unit in high-yielding dairy cows fed a maize silage-based partial mixed ration without pasture access.

scholarly journals The state in the sector of milk production in European Union and in our country

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Perisic ◽  
Z. Skalicki ◽  
V. Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
The State ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Production Trend

The paper gives an analysis of the state in milk production from the aspect of total produced quantities of milk and total purchased quantites of milk by the diaries in EU. The number of farms engaged in cattle production has been analyzed, along with the farms engaged in milk production. Trend in development of cattle breeding in EU is going in the direction of decreasing the number of farms raising the breeding stocks of dairy cows and to the simultaneous increase in the number of cows per farm for milk production with constant increase of the quantity of milk produced per cow. In 2008 the number of cows per farm in EU27 was on average 9.8 cows, in EU25 on average 16.6 cows, with great variation among member countries observed. Average milk yield in total cow population in 2008 in EU15 was 6646 kg, in EU25: 6357 kg and in EU27: 6133kg. In Serbia the average milk yield in registered cows of Simmental breed is about 4500 kg, and in Holstein Friesian breed around 8700 kg. It is important to emphasize that in Serbia there is a far less number of cows under controlled milk yield (around 5.5% Simmental cows in total number), and that there is a decline observed in the number of cattle in Serbia in the last decade per average rate of 2-3 % annually.

scholarly journals Effect of Age at First Calving on First Lactation Milk Yield, Lifetime Milk Production And Longevity of Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Anna Sawa ◽  
Kamil Siatka ◽  
Sylwia Krężel-Czopek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Friesian Cows

AbstractThe objective of the study was to analyse the effect of age at first calving (AFC) on first lactation milk yield, lifetime milk production and longevity of dairy cows. The study used SYMLEK data on the milk yield and culling of 111 857 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows from the active population in Pomerania and Kujawy, Poland. The cows first calved during 2000–2009 and were used or removed from the herds until the end of 2015. For each cow, calculations were made of first lactation milk yield, lifetime milk production, first lactation milk yield per milking day, lifetime milk production per day, as well as the lifespan (length of productive life, duration of rearing) and number of calvings. Based on the age at first calving (duration of the rearing period), the cows were grouped as follows: ≤22, 22.1–24.0, 24.1–26.0, 26.1–28.0, 28.1–30.0, 30.1–32.0 and >32 months. The GLM, CORR PEARSON and FREQ procedures from the SAS package were used in the statistical calculations. Considering first lactation milk yield, lifetime milk production and longevity, it is recommended that the cows should be first milked between 22.1 and 26.0 months of age. This is supported by the approximately 24% higher lifetime milk production in relation to the latest calving cows (P<0.01). Late commencement of the first milking (especially after 28 months) causes a considerable decrease in the first lactation milk yield and lifetime milk production, shortens the productive period, reduces the number of calvings, and increases culling rate due to low milk yield and udder diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of temperament on performance of primiparous dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sawa ◽  
Mariusz Bogucki ◽  
Wojciech Neja ◽  
Sylwia Krężel-Czopek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Cattle Breeders ◽  
Culling Level ◽  
Temperament Trait

Abstract This study was designed to analyse the effect of milking behaviour (temperament) of primiparous dairy cows on their milk and reproductive performance as well as survival to the second lactation. Milk performance, reproductive performance and culling data on 12028 Polish Holstein-Friesian primiparous dairy cows were acquired from the SYMLEK database. Using the methodology of the Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Dairy Farmers, the temperament of the cows was assessed as: 1 - calm, 2 - normal, 3 - excitable or aggressive. Primiparous cows from the analysed population were characterized by averagely normal temperament and optimal milking speed. Daily and lactation yield depended (P≤0.01) on the temperament of cows. Excitable (aggressive) cows had higher daily and lactation yield compared to normal and calm cows. The temperament trait was found to correlate (P≤0.01) also with functional traits such as milking speed, survival to the second lactation, and culling level. As milking speed increased, the proportion of cows with calm temperament decreased and that of excitable (aggressive) primiparous cows increased. As the temperament score increased, so did the proportion of primiparous cows sold for further breeding. Excitable (aggressive) primiparous cows had the lowest chance of survival to the second calving.

scholarly journals Performance and behaviour at milking after relocation and housing change of dairy cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brouček ◽  
M. Uhrinčať ◽  
V. Tančin ◽  
A. Hanus ◽  
P. Tongeľ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Side Preference ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Observation Period

The hypothesis that relocation of cows with a housing change temporarily decreases their milk production and affects cows&rsquo; behaviour in the milking parlour has been proved. Forty-one Holstein cows on the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> lactation were relocated from the tie-stall barn into the free-stall barn. Cows were milked in a 2 &times; 5 herringbone parlour twice a day. Individual milk yields, order, and used parlour side were recorded electronically during 50 (milk) or 22 (order and side) milking sessions. Milk yield after cows&rsquo; relocation (23.76&nbsp;kg) significantly decreased if compared to that reached on the day preceding relocation (30.97 kg; P &lt; 0.001). Milk production approached the level of the last day on days 3 and 4 (30.72 and 30.72 kg, respectively) after relocation. Milk yield exceeded that before relocation on day 13 (31.82 kg). There were significant differences between parities during the whole observation period except for the first day after relocation &ndash; cows on the 2<sup>nd</sup> parity yielded more (P &lt; 0.001). Multiparous cows entered the parlour earlier than primiparous, equally during morning and evening milkings (P &lt; 0.01). Generally a left-side preference was found in the observed cows, while it was more prominent in primiparous than in multiparous cows during evening milkings (P &lt; 0.05). Relationships between milking order and milk performance were on days 5&ndash;11 negative and significant (P &lt; 0.01). We may conclude that although temporarily, relocation with housing and milking changes significantly affected the milk yield. &nbsp;

The impact of feeding a supplement based on aloe and Manuka honey on milk yield from dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Whyte ◽  
Kuldeep Sharma ◽  
Paul Tarver
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Manuka Honey ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peak Lactation

SummaryAn Aloe vera and manuka honey commercial supplement (Cow and Calf Formula, DairyCare Ltd, NZ) was fed to approximately 40% of a commercial New Zealand herd with over 1000 cows in lactation following spring calving (August) until the end of lactation (April the following year). The 5 ml of supplement was added automatically to the feed for the treatment group via transponder identification units during at milking. At peak lactation (until October) there was a 5.5% increase (11.76 versus 12.41 litres per milking for control and treated cows respectively; P < 0.001) in yield for the supplemented cows, and over the whole season there was a 4.7% milk yield increase (8.12 versus 8.50 litres per milking for control and treated cows respectively). Data from December and January (high summer) showed no significant increase in milk yield, which was due to a major drought in the area and loss of grazed forage intakes. From these results, it was considered that that the Aloe vera and manuka honey, acting either separately or in synergy, resulted in more nutrients being available for milk production.

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