TRIBOLOGICAL ASPECT OF ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF FILTRATION USING MULTI-LAYER MATERIALS

Tribologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Paweł Mikołajczak ◽  
Jarosław Szuszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
The Third ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Filtering Efficiency ◽  
Cellulose Materials ◽  
Filter Layer

This study presents the results of testing for the efficiency and effectiveness of filtration using multi-layer filter materials, and briefly presents a new technology for manufacturing filter media using these materials. The first part of the article describes the causes of the formation of impurities in operating fluids and the tribological effects of their impact. The second part is dedicated to testing for filtration efficiency and effectiveness for different filter materials. The third part of the article briefly describes the technology for manufacturing filter media using efficient but difficult-to-form materials. The testing results showed significant differences in filtering efficiency and effectiveness between the cellulose samples and the samples of filter materials based on glass microfibre layers. All of the tested multi-layer materials allow filtration effectiveness of over 90% to be achieved over the entire range of impurity sizes included in the experiment. The results of a comparative test for pressure change during filtration also indicate that glass microfibre materials have a considerably longer operating life than cellulose materials. The time after which a sharp increase in pressure occurs (due to the filter layer being filled with impurities) is nearly four times longer for multi-layer materials than for cellulose materials. The methods for cutting, forming, and joining filter materials have been developed by the author of this article and implemented at the EXMOT company.

The Formation of Super-Thin Dielectric Film on Porous Substrate and its Stopping – Transmittance Characteristics for Particles

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 1305-1308
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Xu Lei Qin ◽  
Kui Wu ◽  
De Long Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Film ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Microchannel Plate ◽  
Porous Substrate ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Carbon Contamination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Direct Formation ◽  
Measurement Principle ◽  
Barrier Film

The formation of super-thin continuous dielectric film (e.g. the ion barrier film-IBF) on microchannel plate (a kind of porous substrate) is most important for prolonging the operating life of the third generation micro-light image tube. In this paper, firstly, the formation of Al2O3 ion barrier film on microchannel plate (MCP) using a new contamination-free technology was introduced. According to the analysis and the comparison with the traditional direct formation technology, it was found that the productivity of the new technology is better (90%) and the carbon contamination can be minimized. Next, the stopping and transmittance characteristic of the film for electrons were studied and the measurement principle was shown. In this measurement, the concepts of “dead-voltage” and “electron transmittance” were proposed to evaluate the stopping and transmittance of the film for electrons. The dead-voltage was 220V for the MCP covered the ion barrier film with a thickness of 5nm and the electron transmittance was over 90%.

Production and Technical Characteristics of a New Class of Amorphous Metals

1995 ◽  
Vol 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Malkhassian
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Chemical Technology ◽  
Quantum Level ◽  
Vibrationally Excited ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hydrogen Molecules ◽  
First Time

AbstractA new technology for obtainment of amorphous single-component metals is presented.For the first time the reduction of molybdenum oxide with formation of its amorphous phase is realized in conditions of a given quantum-chemical technology by means of vibrationally excited to the third quantum level hydrogen molecules with 1.5 ± 0.2 eV energy. The evidences of formation of this nonequilibrium amorphous phase are presented along with certain physicochemical properties of the obtained amorphous molybdenum.A model is proposed for the origin of amorphous phase under the influence of nonequilibrium quantum-chemical technology.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Removal Phosphorus in Wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norwardatun Abd Roni ◽  
◽  
Suraya Hani Adnan ◽  
Nuramidah Hamidon ◽  
Tuan Noor Hasanah Tuan Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Recycled Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
P Removal

The high levels of phosphorus (P) removal occurring through human activities contributes to Eutrophication. Therefore, it is important to understand the quantity of P flows of the different filter materials. This paper provides an overview on the different filter media used for P removal from wastewater also the conventional wastewater treatment system for phosphorus removal. The filter materials consist of natural materials, industrial by-products and man-made products. Most filters have been investigated in batch and column studies in laboratory. The results from these overview vary for every filters and recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) have demonstrated promising properties with regard to P removal capacity. The chemical composition of the adsorption media is a critical factor. Because phosphorus is removed via sorption and precipitation processes, Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe) and Aluminium (Al) content is important in efficient P removal. Thus filter media should be selected very carefully. In such systems, appropriate pre-treatment will also allow for a longer lifetime of the filter media, by decreasing the risk of clogging and allowing one to use finer reactive filter media with higher sorption capacity. The usage of these alternatives filters materials will ease the environmental problems that are currently perceived globally.

Security Concepts, Developments, and Future Trends

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Alaa Hussein Al-Hamami ◽  
Ghossoon M. Waleed Al-Saadoon
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
System Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Perfect Security ◽  
Active Subject

The techniques and tools available for the attackers and protectors are decisive and the main cause for deciding the leading and winning side. This chapter discusses the main concepts, developments, and future trends of security. There are three main reasons for security development and its innovation. The first reason is: Perfect security does not exist; this will lead the researcher to develop more and more methods to defend against new attacks and to support the existence security systems. The second reason is: New technology always brings new threats, which means new countermeasures against those threats is always a necessity. The third reason is: There is no single countermeasure that can be used to ensure security for our systems, and there are many new threats and attacks need to be defeated. For these reasons, security is very active subject and needs more financial support for research and system development, thoughts, technologies, tools, and skilled people to ensure and maintain security for our systems.

Understanding Mechanics of Smooth Institutional Transformation

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-82
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurship ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Third

Institutions, similar to other human and social undertakings, emerge and evolve following different social dynamics. The third chapter aims to discover some of the mechanisms behind smooth institutional transformations and the main elements and characteristics of institutional change. The first part makes an overview of the neo-institutional schools and their considerations for institutional change. The second part defines the basic elements of institutional change, including the analysis of exogenous and endogenous processes and characteristics. The third part outlines the agency view of institutional change and proposes an analysis of theoretical concepts of institutional entrepreneurship, institutional work and proto-institutions, the types, processes, and stages of institutional transformation. Based on that, in the discussion part, there is presented a model defining how new technology can affect institutional change combining micro and macro perspective and social actors. Finally, there are analyzed the main criteria for successful transformation of the institutionalization process.

Future Blockchain Technology for Autonomous Applications/Autonomous Vehicle

2022 ◽  
pp. 1027-1038
Author(s):  
Arnab Kumar Show ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Achintya Singhal ◽  
Gayathri N. ◽  
K. Vengatesan
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
The Self ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Online Transactions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Self Driving Cars

The autonomous industry has rapidly grown for self-driving cars. The main purpose of autonomous industry is trying to give all types of security, privacy, secured traffic information to the self-driving cars. Blockchain is another newly established secured technology. The main aim of this technology is to provide more secured, convenient online transactions. By using this new technology, the autonomous industry can easily provide more suitable, safe, efficient transportation to the passengers and secured traffic information to the vehicles. This information can easily gather by the roadside units or by the passing vehicles. Also, the economical transactions can be possible more efficiently since blockchain technology allows peer-to-peer communications between nodes, and it also eliminates the need of the third party. This chapter proposes a concept of how the autonomous industry can provide more adequate, proper, and safe transportation with the help of blockchain. It also examines for the possibility that autonomous vehicles can become the future of transportation.

scholarly journals Blood pressure change across pregnancy in white British and Pakistani women: analysis of data from the Born in Bradford cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Farrar ◽  
Gillian Santorelli ◽  
Debbie A. Lawlor ◽  
Derek Tuffnell ◽  
Trevor A. Sheldon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
The Third ◽  
Born In Bradford ◽  
Pakistani Women

Abstract The incidence of gestational hypertension (GH) and pre-eclampsia (PE) is increasing. Use of blood pressure (BP) change patterns may improve early detection of BP abnormalities. We used Linear spline random-effects models to estimate BP patterns across pregnancy for white British and Pakistani women. Pakistani women compared to white British women had lower BP during the first two trimesters of pregnancy, irrespective of the development of GH or PE or presence of a risk factor. Pakistani compared to white British women with GH and PE showed steeper BP increases towards the end of pregnancy. Pakistani women were half as likely to develop GH, but as likely to develop PE than white British women. To conclude; BP trajectories differ by ethnicity. Because GH developed evenly from 20 weeks gestation, and PE occurred more commonly after 36 weeks in both ethnic groups, the lower BP up to the third trimester in Pakistani women resulted in a lower GH rate, whereas PE rates, influenced by the steep third trimester BP increase were similar. Criteria for diagnosing GH and PE may benefit from considering ethnic differences in BP change across pregnancy.

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