REGARDING THE ACTIVITY OF A NATIONAL PARK DIRECTOR IN ENSURING THE SAFETY OF TOURISTS VISITING NATIONAL PARK AREAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Piotr Ruczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The State ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Legal Forms

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse a national park director's legal position, roles, tasks and legal forms of operations in ensuring the safety of tourists visiting a national park. The objective of this analysis is also to determine whether the legal position, competencies and legal forms of activity at the disposal of the national park director are sufficient to ensure the safety of tourists visiting the national park. Method. The theoretical nature of this article determines the choice of research methods and their application. A dogmatic method (analytical and dogmatic) involving legal exegesis using linguistic and non-linguistic rules of legal interpretation is the predominant method applied in the article. Findings. The national park director’s legal status (including his/her position in the system of administering entities) is not clearly defined by the legislator and therefore, raises doubts. The legislature has not explicitly included this entity into the local authorities of consolidated and non-consolidated government administration. The legislator defines a national park director as a national park authority and a nature protection authority, directly indicating that this authority performs the tasks of a regional director aimed at nature protection within the national park area. The director of a national park may be classified as an administering entity, or on account of his/her tasks and powers, a public administration authority in a functional sense. However, it is misleading to treat national park directors as public administration authorities sensu stricto, i.e. the authorities who are part of the state machinery (authorities acting directly on behalf of the state or local self-governments), whose basic and, in principle, sole purpose is to perform public administration tasks (e.g. minister, province administrator, commune head). However, some authors consider national park directors to be public administration bodies sensu stricto [Makuch 2020, p. 527]. It has been confirmed in research that there is great diversity concerning tasks, powers and legal forms of operations at the disposal of a national park director, which can be used to ensure the safety of tourists visiting national parks. These are legal and factual activities of regulatory and non-regulatory nature. The tasks and competencies of national park directors include, first of all, protecting national park resources (environmental protection), which is the essence of their existence, and also providing access to national parks so as to ensure the safety of people who visit them. Research and conclusions limitations. The author focuses on analysis of the national legal framework. The origin of institutions and comparative legal analyses have been omitted. Practical implications. In the research, the current legal status is shown, and this can be considered the basis for further legislative work. Originality. To date, research on the national park directors' tasks, roles and legal forms of operation in ensuring the safety of tourists visiting national parks has been very scarce. Most of such issues are raised while discussing wider problems related to nature protection as well as tourism, and are not subject to in-depth examination [Wolski 2010, pp. 75-83]. In this context, it is worth noting that not only the national park directors' tasks and legal forms of activity require detailed analysis and evaluation, but their status in the state system and position in the system of administering entities as well. The current findings in this field are not sufficiently comprehensive and require further clarification. Type of paper. The article presents some theoretical concepts. It is a general overview article.

Into Russian Nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Roe
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
National Parks ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
National Park ◽  
World War ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Goals

Into Russian Nature examines the history of the Russian national park movement. Russian biologists and geographers had been intrigued with the idea of establishing national parks before the Great October Revolution but pushed the Soviet government successfully to establish nature reserves (zapovedniki) during the USSR’s first decades. However, as the state pushed scientists to make zapovedniki more “useful” during the 1930s, some of the system’s staunchest defenders started supporting tourism in them. In the decades after World War II, the USSR experienced a tourism boom and faced a chronic shortage of tourism facilities. Also during these years, Soviet scientists took active part in Western-dominated international environmental protection organizations, where they became more familiar with national parks. In turn, they enthusiastically promoted parks for the USSR as a means to reconcile environmental protection and economic development goals, bring international respect to Soviet nature protection efforts, and help instill a love for the country’s nature and a desire to protect it in Russian/Soviet citizens. By the late 1980s, their supporters pushed transformative, and in some cases quixotic, park proposals. At the same time, national park opponents presented them as an unaffordable luxury during a time of economic struggle, especially after the USSR’s collapse. Despite unprecedented collaboration with international organizations, Russian national parks received little governmental support as they became mired in land-use conflicts with local populations. While the history of Russia’s national parks illustrates a bold attempt at reform, the state’s failure’s to support them has left Russian park supporters deeply disillusioned.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Health Assessment of Shennongjia National Park, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7672
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Peng Hou ◽  
Jinbao Jiang ◽  
Rulin Xiao ◽  
Jun Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Ecosystem Health Assessment ◽  
Health Level ◽  
Rate Of Improvement

Ecosystem health assessment is an important part of improving the management of national parks. In this paper, Shennongjia National Park is taken as the study region. By using satellite remote sensing data from 2000 to 2018, based on the Vitality Organization Resilience (VOR) model, an ecosystem health assessment is created and its spatiotemporal characteristics are analyzed. In the whole region, the ecosystem’s health level has gradually improved; the rate of improvement of the ecosystem’s health level from 2016 to 2018 has been 2.5-times that of the overall rate and the trend of improvement has been obvious. The rate of improvement of the ecosystem’s health level of non-nature protection areas has improved two-fold; the same is true of nature protection areas, and the stability change trend of the two areas has basically been the same. The establishment of national parks has played a significant role in promoting the health of the regional ecosystem. In future planning, relevant departments should pay attention to the ecological protection and restoration of the area and optimize the traditional area layout of Shennongjia National Park.

scholarly journals Public Councils as a Legal Form of Partnership between the State and Its Citizens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-117
Author(s):  
Pavlo Krainii
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Legal Forms

Today, the existence of every society and every state is marked with the presence of generally accepted phenomena that radically distinguish the legal status of an individual from his ancestors, who lived hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These phenomena are: democracy, legal society, human rights, good governance, participatory democracy, etc. The study of legal relations between an individual or a group of individuals and the state, represented by the system of government in one form or another, has been carried out by a large number of well-known legal scholars, sociologists, political scientists, and economists, all of whom offered numerous theoretical concepts, represented different scientific schools, and worked in various fields of research. The basic issue they have been trying to solve both in the past and at present is how an individual citizen or a group of individuals can influence the decision-making processes of public authorities that affect the interests of each of them. It turned out that the institutions we are aware of (like those of political parties, public organizations, unions) are not the only legal forms of association of the country citizens who seek to exercise public power and represent the interests of certain groups of their compatriots. The active changes that took place in the world after the Second World War, as well as the emergence of the third generation of human rights were a logical continuation of the growing influence of liberal ideas and views, which proved the existence of new scientific alternatives, ideas and concepts for developing the theory of deliberative democracy. The latter’s main objective was the idea of citizens’ active involvement in decision-making by the authorities and local governments, which consequently led to the phenomenon of public-private partnership. The article under discussion contains a legal analysis of the institution of public councils as one of the legal forms of such interaction through the theory of communicative action. At the same time, the paper will contain an attempt to analyze the current Ukrainian legislation that determines and regulates the legal status of public councils. This will enable to draw conclusions about the level of involvement of citizens in the decision-making process. In addition, the article will lay particular emphasis on a study of the already established and existing public councils in Ukraine, as well as will identify the positive and negative aspects of their activities, which will help to work out the problematic aspects of their legal status and offer practical ways to eliminate them.

scholarly journals New records of Passiflora from Itatiaia National Park, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1671-1679
Author(s):  
Suellen Nunes Sarmento ◽  
Ana Carolina Mezzonato-Pires ◽  
Marcelo Trovó
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
National Park ◽  
New Records ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The State ◽  
Flora Of Brazil ◽  
First Time

We present new records of Passifloraceae sensu stricto from Itatiaia National Park, Brazil, contributing new data on the geographic distribution of four Passiflora L. species to the flora of Brazil: P. deidamioides Harms, P. miersii Mast., P. rhamnifolia Mast., and P. setulosa Killip. The last three species are reported from Itatiaia National Park and the last species from the state of Rio de Janeiro for the first time.

The Importance of Adjusting for Trip Purpose in Regional Economic Analyses of Tourist Destinations

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Loomis ◽  
Lynne Caughlan
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Trip Purpose ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The Town

This paper investigates the empirical importance of distinguishing visitors and their expenditures by trip purpose when estimating the tourism effects of a national park on a local economy. Accounting for trip purpose is quite important when there are two or more nearby major attractions in the same geographical area. This applies to the author's case study of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks in the State of Wyoming, and also to other areas, such as the State of Utah's Bryce and Zion National Parks or amusement parks in the Orlando area in Florida. The authors illustrate the various types of survey questions and methods for correcting for trip purpose. In the case study, it would be quite misleading to attribute all spending by visitors to Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) in the town of Jackson, Wyoming, solely to GTNP because this would overstate employment actually attributable to the park by 3,455 jobs, or 22%. In turn, this overestimates the dependence of jobs in the Jackson economy on GTNP by 15%, incorrectly estimating it at 75% rather than the sounder figure of 60% of total jobs.

scholarly journals Overview of Nature Protection Progress in Kosovo

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeqir Veselaj ◽  
Behxhet Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Red List ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Conservation And Management

This paper presents an overview of progress in the area of nature conservation in the last decade in Kosovo. Two very important laws were promulgated in 2012 about two national parks: Bjeshket e Nemuna and Sharri National park. With this expansion, the protected area network that in 2003 was about 4.36 % of the territory was increased to 10.9%, reaching a satisfactory degree of protected areas and increasing the number of protected areas in a total of 116. While in terms of conservation of protected areas a significant progress has been achieved, stagnation is seen in the conservation of rare and threatened species of flora and fauna. Although envisaged by legislation, the Red List of Kosovo of rare and threatened species has not been adopted yet. Also, there is a small progress in the implementation of practical conservation and management measures contained in the legislation.

scholarly journals A Big Battle: The State vs. Indigenous People (Case Study in Jambi Province)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
M. Yusuf ◽  
Syafrial Syafrial
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
The State ◽  
Park Management ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Protection Area

The change in designation of Bukit Duabelas area into Bukit Duabelas National Park in Jambi province raises a conflict between the national park official who was ruling the zonation system in the national park and the Orang Rimba people who have lived there for many years. The decision of the protected area aims to preserve the life and culture of Orang Rimba. However, zoning rules in the field are interpreted as an effort to limit space and access to the forest resources for Orang Rimba who have traditionally utilized them. This research uses a case study approach to explore the dynamics of conflict on the protected area. The results of the study show that conflicts in national park management are very dynamic because of shifting disagreement about the protection area. The conflicts began with debates about the zoning system which led into the fight for access to the park resources which were contested over the concept of national parks and customary forests. This paper argues the battle over the national park was not only about contested natural resources but also was a fight for authority and power between the state and indigenous people over the concept of park management.

National park as a legal form of nature protection – analysis of selected issues taking into account the example of the Ojcow National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 1(23) ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
Paweł du Vall
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Habitats Directive ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Polish Law

For many years – equally on a global scale, at the European level as well as in Poland – necessary actions have been taken aimed at creating an effective legal framework for nature protection. Nature is protected under international law, European Union law and Polish law. The acts of European law which should be pointed out from the perspective of this article (besides the EU Treaties) are the so-called Birds Directive and Habitats Directive. The Polish Constitution of 2 April 1997 stipulates that the Republic of Poland shall protect the national heritage and ensure environmental protection guided by the principle of sustainable development. In the domestic Polish law, the Act of 16 April 2004 on nature protection constitutes the basic legal act of a statutory rank defining objectives, principles and forms of protection of living and inanimate nature and landscape. The aim of this analysis of selected legal provisions regulating the functioning of national parks in Poland is an attempt to assess whether the existing law effectively protects nature, or whether it is rather a set of demands that are difficult or impossible to implement. This matter is crucial for the existence of such unique areas as the Ojcow National Park. The answer to the question whether the national park – as a form of nature protection – is protected in Poland in an effective way is ambiguous, which is illustrated by numerous examples, several of which are indicated in this article.

ISSUE OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF UKRAINIAN ADMINISTRATIVE LEGISLATURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Oksana Moroz ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr Vysotskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
The State ◽  
Supreme Council ◽  
Effective Administration ◽  
Process Adaptation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
Legal Forms

Nowadays the economic crises causes new functions for the government branches and its institutions. Taking into consideration the situation the authority should boost the work of the system of government administration, that could enhance the capacity of executive branch of law, influence maintaining of different crucial changes of the state, mainly economical, more purposely and productively. The normative base requires improvement of the state prognostication and principles of the programs of social and economic evolvement. Qualitative and effective administration is impossible without reformation of administrative legislature, aimed at setting up constructive cooperation of the government with Supreme Council of Ukraine, separate deputies� factions (groups) and non-factinal people�s deputy. It should be mentioned that carrying out codification and systematization of administrative legislature of Ukraine could cause the improvement of legal forms and methods of public administration: �Public administration, by doctrine�s definition, is a type of state activity, that consists of maintaining impact on those spheres and branches of social life, the needs of functioning and development of which demand particular intervention of the state with the assistance of certain level. The essential of them are connected with the maintenance of the functions of the executive branch of power�. Research and analyze of the process of approximation of Ukrainian legislature to the legal system of EU gives the opportunity to reveal the problems, circumstances, that require the immediate solution and suggest approaches to the improvement effectiveness of the process. Adaptation of Ukrainian legislative to the EU legislature is taking place simultaneously with legal reform in Ukraine. The state should renew the legislature, according to international principles and standards, as none of mentioned principles and standards in its legal base hasn�t existed yet.

Methodology for the preparation of rescue plans – a Polish case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kunikowski ◽  
Anna Kosieradzka ◽  
Urszula Kąkol
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Analytical Tools

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a proposal for the methodology of developing rescue plans and the concepts of applying recommended response schedules in the context of the State Fire Service’s planning responsibilities (preparation) and public administration (reconciliation and approval), according to the legal order in force in Poland. In the proposed concept, recommended schedules are built on the basis of the matches and successes identified according to the criteria, i.e. the best carried out rescue actions from the register of reports. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on the analysis of existing legal status and policy in Poland as well as the selected relevant academic literature. Findings The result is the formulation of a methodology for drawing up the rescue plans to the extent required by law and proposing a concept for the method of developing and applying recommended response schedules, supporting operational planning and conducting rescue operations. Practical implications The proposed methodology is to support the procedure of drawing up rescue plans by implying and implementing them into IT solutions. The suggested recommended response schedules, based on observations and conclusions from the analysis of the past rescue operations, may present circumstances and sequences of the use of forces and measures that have had beneficial effects in the past. An in-depth analysis of historical data from the conducted rescue operations may also be used to determine time indicators for the response phase. Originality/value The proposed solutions complement the methods currently used by public administration in Poland. The concept can also be inspiring for the State Fire Service (PSP) which has its own analytical tools in the form of a decision support system and registers of rescue operations carried out. The PSP may undertake the practical verification of the presented methodology for preparing rescue plans and recommended response schedules.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document