NFL Football

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Crepeau
Keyword(s):  
Early Retirement ◽  
National Football League ◽  
First Century ◽  
Collective Bargaining Agreement ◽  
Success Story ◽  
New Era ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Society

A multibillion-dollar entertainment empire, the National Football League is a coast-to-coast obsession that borders on religion and dominates our sports-mad culture. But today's NFL also provides a stage for playing out important issues roiling American society. This updated and expanded edition of NFL Football observes the league's centennial by following the NFL into the twenty-first century, where off-the-field concerns compete with touchdowns and goal line stands for headlines. Richard C. Crepeau delves into the history of the league and breaks down the new era with an in-depth look at the controversies and dramas swirling around pro football today:  Tensions between players and Commissioner Roger Goodell over collusion, drug policies, and revenue, including analysis of the 2020 collective bargaining agreement  The firestorm surrounding Colin Kaepernick and protests of police violence and inequality  Andrew Luck and others choosing early retirement over the threat to their long-term health  Paul Tagliabue's role in covering up information on concussions  The Super Bowl's evolution into a national holiday Authoritative and up to the minute, NFL Football continues the epic American success story.

Statement of the American Society of Clinical Oncology: genetic testing for cancer susceptibility, Adopted on February 20, 1996.

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1730-1736 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Post Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Society

As the leading organization of physicians who treat people with cancer, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recognizes that cancer specialists must be fully informed of the range of issues involved in genetic testing for cancer risk. The newly discovered and still developing ability to identify individuals at highest risk for cancer holds the promise of improved prevention and early detection of cancers. It also poses potential medical, psychological, and other personal risks that must be addressed in the context of informed consent for genetic testing. ASCO firmly believes that any physician who offers genetic testing should be aware of, and able to communicate, the benefits and limits of current testing procedures, and the range of prevention and treatment options available to patients and their families. For these reasons, ASCO endorses the following principles: ASCO affirms the role of clinical oncologists in documenting a family history of cancer in their patients, providing counseling regarding familial cancer risk and options for prevention and early detection, and recognizing those families for which genetic testing may serve as an aid in counseling. To the greatest extent possible, genetic testing for cancer susceptibility should be performed in the setting of long-term outcome studies. ASCO endorses the formulation and implementation of a national cooperative study/registry with appropriate confidentiality to define the clinical significance of mutations in known cancer susceptibility genes. ASCO is committed to providing educational opportunities for physicians concerning methods of quantitative cancer risk assessment, genetic testing, and pre- and post-test genetic counseling so that oncologists may more responsibly integrate genetic counseling and testing into the practice of clinical and preventive oncology. Oncologists must assure that informed consent has been given by the patient as an integral part of the process of genetic predisposition testing, whether such testing is offered on a clinical or research basis. ASCO recommends that cancer predisposition testing be offered only when: 1) the person has a strong family history of cancer or very early age of onset of disease; 2) the test can be adequately interpreted; and 3) the results will influence the medical management of the patient or family member. As clinical testing becomes more widely available, the Society encourages oncologists to utilize laboratories committed to the validation of testing methodologies, and to facilitate families' participation in long-term outcome studies. ASCO recommends that oncologists include in pre- and post-test counseling discussion of possible risks and benefits of cancer early detection and prevention modalities, which have presumed but unproven efficacy for individuals at the highest hereditary risk for cancer. ASCO endorses efforts to strengthen regulatory authority over laboratories that provide cancer predisposition tests that will be utilized to inform clinical decisions. These regulatory requirements should include appropriate oversight of the products used in genetic testing, interlaboratory comparisons of reference samples, as well as quality control mechanisms. ASCO endorses all efforts including legislation to prohibit discrimination by insurance companies or employers based on an individual's inherited susceptibility to cancer. All individuals at hereditary risk for cancer should have access to appropriate genetic testing and associated medical care, which should be covered by public and private third-party payers. ASCO endorses continued support of patient-oriented research to analyze the psychological impact of genetic testing of at-risk populations.

American Fatherhood

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Martschukat
Keyword(s):  
American History ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
First Century ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Family Constellation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Moral Leader ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
American Society

This book explains the unbending ideal of the nuclear family and how it has seeped so deeply into American society and consciousness without ever becoming the actual norm for most people in the nation. It presents the rich diversity of family lives in American history from the American Revolution to the twenty-first century and at the same time the persistence and normative power of the nuclear family model. American society—one of the major arguments—is “governed through the family,” and to govern, in this sense, is “to structure the possible field of action.” To make this broad examination of the discourse and practice of the family in American life more accessible, this book focuses on the relations of fathers, families, and society. Throughout American history “the father” has been posed as provider and moral leader of his family, American society, and the nation. At the same time power and difference were established around “the father,” and fatherhood meant many different things for different people. To tell this history of fatherhood, families, and American society, the author presents biographical “close-ups” of twelve iconic characters, embedded in contextual “long shots” so that readers can see the enduring power of the family and father ideals along with the complexity and varieties of everyday life in American history. Each protagonist covers a crucial period or event in American history, presents a different family constellation, and makes a different argument with regard to how American society is governed through the family.

The Black and White of Newspapers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwyneth Mellinger
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
First Century ◽  
Hiring Practices ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Newspaper Editors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
American Society ◽  
Professional Norm

This introductory chapter delves into the history of the American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE) and its Goal 2000 initiative in order to examine why ASNE members had hesitated to implement civil rights reforms in their newsroom hiring practices despite passionate advocacy by a series of ASNE leaders and the expenditure of unprecedented industry resources. It traces the ASNE's reckoning with inequality from the 1950s into the twenty-first century by first exploring the ASNE's construction of a professional norm that marginalized journalists and editors who were not white, not male, and not heterosexual; and then traces the organization's subsequent attempts to democratize newsroom hiring.

scholarly journals The correspondence of Ferdinand von Mueller: from nineteenth century paper to twenty first century data

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Gavan McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
First Century ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Digital Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Correspondence Project

This paper presents a case study that demonstrates how a long term research activity, with the intention to create a scholarly edition of scientific correspondence, can be liberated from its print paradigm strictures to join the twenty first century world of interconnected knowledge. The Von Mueller Correspondence Project has produced a corpus of over 15,600 digitally transcribed letters and related materials focused on the period 1840 to 1896. These are complemented by materials in a range of forms that refer to Mueller dating from 1814 to 1931. Mueller was a prolific correspondent and established links with hundreds of fellow botanists and biologists across the globe; most of these, and certainly the most notable, will be registered in the History of Science Society Isis Cumulative Bibliography as Authority Records with links to publications about them and is some cases publications by them. The long-term plan is to systemically interlink the Von Mueller Correspondence Project digital corpus and the Isis Cumulative Bibliography and develop the synergies that will drive digital humanities analysis and future scholarly endeavour. That is the vision but what is the reality? At what stage is the project now? How did it get this far? What steps remain? How does the story of this project help us better understand the imperatives of digital scholarship – its strengths and its challenges?

scholarly journals The Discerning Ear: Cardiac Auscultation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence and Telemedicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Jani ◽  
David A Danford ◽  
W Reid Thompson ◽  
Andreas Schuster ◽  
Cedric Manlhiot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cardiac Auscultation ◽  
Cardiac Murmur ◽  
New Era ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paradigm Shifting ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Heart murmur, a thoracic auscultatory finding of cardiovascular origin, is extremely common in childhood and can appear at any age from premature newborn to late adolescence. The objective of this review is to provide a modern examination and update of cardiac murmur auscultation in this new era of artificial intelligence and telemedicine. First, we provide a comprehensive review of the causes and differential diagnosis, clinical features, evaluation, and long-term management of pediatric heart murmurs. Next, we provide a brief history of computer-assisted auscultation and murmur analysis, along with insight into the engineering design of the digital stethoscope. We conclude with a discussion of the paradigm shifting impact of deep learning on murmur analysis, artificial intelligence assisted auscultation, and the implications of these technologies on telemedicine in pediatric cardiology. It is our hope that this article provides an updated perspective on the impact of artificial intelligence on cardiac auscultation for the modern pediatric cardiologist.

scholarly journals Book Review: The Schoolroom: A Social History of Teaching and Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Kelsey Forester
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
First Century ◽  
School Design ◽  
Education History ◽  
New Era ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sandy Hook Elementary School ◽  
Building Plans

Dale Allen Gyure’s The Schoolroom: A Social History of Teaching and Learning takes an in-depth look at how the structure of schools has changed over the course of American history, starting from Colonial America to the twenty-first century. After its well laid out table of contents, there is a helpful timeline, chronicling major developments in United States education history starting in 1635 with the opening of Boston Latin Grammar School and going up to 2016 with the Sandy Hook Elementary School and the new era of school design (xv-xix). It also includes a helpful glossary that defines specific terms, such as different building plans, types of schools, and educational theories. Throughout the chapters, words found in the glossary are in bold.

“This Other Method”

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Success Story ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reductionist Approach

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been and continues to be one of the most widely spread research techniques in the physical and life sciences, including medicine, since the technique’s invention in 1945. There is no basis, however, to account for a linear success story. Although NMR was used for decades in biochemistry and molecular biology, it had not contributed substantially to solving the big scientific problems in these areas. The goal set by its early proponents—to find out about the dynamics and functions of large biomolecules—was not successfully tackled until the 1980s, when new technology became available. Much of the pre-1980s history of NMR is arguably a history of the dependence of NMR on a rival method, x-ray crystallography. In this paper I will discuss the epistemic and social processes that made the continuation of NMR as a dependent research method possible, perhaps even inevitable. Following a comparison of x-ray crystallography and NMR in the structural elucidation of large biomolecules, the paper analyzes three examples of the practices of biochemical and biomedical research using NMR from the 1950s to the 1970s in the United States: first is a fundamental, almost reductionist approach with a basis in physics and goals in technology; second, a pragmatic one with a strong bent toward biological problems; and third, a methods-oriented program, involving issues of the former two and proving the most fruitful in the long term. This essay is part of a special issue entitled THE BONDS OF HISTORY edited by Anita Guerrini.

scholarly journals Worker Cooperatives and Revolution: History and Possibilities in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Wright
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
First Century ◽  
Solidarity Economy ◽  
New Era ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Worker Cooperatives ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
First Time

Since the financial crisis of 2008 and the global popular protests of 2011, more people have begun to wonder and speculate: what's next for civilization? The economic, social, and political status quo seems unsustainable, but what can emerge to take its place? In this book, a historian examines the past and present to argue that the seeds of a more humane society are already being planted, on local and international scales. Whether they will bear fruit depends, ultimately, on grassroots initiative. Focusing on the new worker cooperative movement in the West, this study not only contains the first systematic discussion of the solidarity economy in the light of Marxist theory; it also introduces a major revision of Marxism that both updates it for the twenty-first century and illuminates our historical moment. It includes an analysis of the history of cooperatives in the U.S., showing where they went wrong and how we can correct their past mistakes. It has a case-study of the successful new worker-owned business New Era Windows in Chicago, which has been celebrated internationally for its defiance of conventional paradigms. And it shows a way out of the age-old conflict between Marxism and anarchism, arguing that both are more relevant now than they have ever been. Which is to say: a gradualist "revolution" is, for the first time, within the realm of possibility.

World War I in the History of Globalization

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-132
Author(s):  
Carl Strikwerda
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Economic History ◽  
World Economy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Ties

World War I is the most important single event in the history of globalization. The war ended the first significant era of increasing economic ties among nations and thereby shaped the economic history of the twentieth century. The war set off both a search for ways to re-create the prewar liberal world economy and attempts to create statist alternatives to it. The collapse of interbank cooperation and expansion of controls on trade, migration, and agriculture meant that economic globalization re-emerged only very slowly over the rest of the twentieth century. Indeed, the long-term effects of World War I lasted until the 1990s. The lesson of this story for the twenty-first century is to check the dangers inherent in a multipolar world, where globalization produces both economic growth and social tensions.

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