scholarly journals The Role of Pathology in the Era of Personalized (Precision) Medicine: A Brief Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Semir Vranic ◽  
Zoran Gatalica
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Genomic Testing ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Genomic Analyses ◽  
Cancer Medicine

<p>This review provides a brief overview of the state-of-the-art molecular pathology approaches emphasizing the increasingly important pathology role in clinical precision cancer medicine. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetics have tremendously affected the practice of anatomic pathology, gradually transforming it from a morphology-based into a molecular- based discipline. Molecular diagnostics has a long tradition in pathology, especially in clinical pathology. The improvement of methodology for genomic testing in recent years has made it one of the cornerstones of precision cancer medicine. The decisions related to cancer treatments are no longer solely based on the histopathological diagnosis. Various genomic analyses of human cancers are being incorporated into diagnostic and decision-making algorithms.</p><p><strong> Conclusion</strong>. The pathologists continue to play an essential role in developing and implementing molecular and genomic tests in practice and communicate the results and their relevance with clinicians. Such activities are of utmost importance for successfully translating scientific advancements into a benefit to patients (“next-generation pathologists”).</p>

The Role of Intuition in Evaluative Judgment and Decision

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-338
Author(s):  
Marthe Hurteau ◽  
Jeiran Rahmanian ◽  
Sylvain Houle ◽  
Marie-Pier Marchand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Evaluative Judgment ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Valid Form ◽  
Successes And Failures

Expert intuition is increasingly considered to be a valid form of knowledge, and research has proven its effectiveness in judgment and decision making in various fields. Theorists seem to recognize the contributions of intuition within evaluative practice, but it has never been well-documented. This article presents a study on expert intuition, addressing the manner in which intuition is developed, as well as how it contributes to producing judgments in the specific context of program evaluation. In-depth, in-person interviews were conducted with eight novice evaluators and eight experienced evaluators in order to assess the contributions of experience and expertise. Two key observations emerged from interview analyses. The first was that intuition is developed through a long, complex, and demanding process in which reflective analysis of experiments, successes, and failures play an essential role; the second was that the development of intuition is fostered by expertise and experience.

scholarly journals State of the art and trends of circulating cancer biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Massimo Gion ◽  
Chiara Trevisiol ◽  
Aline S.C. Fabricio
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clinical Validation ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Analytical Validation ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Tissue Biomarkers

The role of biomarkers is crucial in oncology for both early diagnosis and the personalization of cancer treatments. Tissue biomarkers have gained a central role as predictors of the response to an increasing number of anticancer agents; conversely, the clinical role of circulating biomarkers (c-TMs) is limited and has remained almost unchanged over the years. The position of guidelines is summarized and discussed with reference to the potential usefulness of c-TMs in those areas of application that cannot be covered by tissue biomarkers. The pipeline of translational research on biomarkers is briefly described; the differences among analytical validation, clinical validation, and clinical utility are discussed, emphasizing that the assessment of clinical utility is the ultimate step toward clinical use. The role of monitoring of appropriateness as a proxy indicator of how the research pipeline has actually worked is discussed, and data and c-TMs overordering rates are reported. The role and limits of guidelines to influence appropriate c-TMs ordering are discussed. The design of primary studies on c-TMs is examined, underlining that they mainly focus on clinical validation rather than on clinical utility. The role of regulatory boards is also briefly presented and discussed.

scholarly journals The Spillover of Genomic Testing Results in Families: Same Variant, Different Logics

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Timmermans ◽  
Tanya Stivers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Genetic Counselors ◽  
Genomic Testing ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Genetic Tests ◽  
Reproductive Decision ◽  
Reproductive Decision Making

Due to heritability, next-generation genetic tests have the potential to affect family members beyond the patient being tested. Geneticists and genetic counselors, in dialogue with patients and their relatives, will need to establish for whom and in what way genomic testing results matter during the communication of testing results, indicating the spillover of presumed pathological variants. On the basis of video-recorded consultations of the return of exome results in a genetics clinic, we distinguish three different logics deployed to explain the relevance of the findings for the patient, extended family members, and unborn relatives. While geneticists tend to be cautious in interpreting findings for the patient and living relatives, the findings become more deterministic in the context of reproductive decision making. The presentation of results then establishes the causal role of variants and reflects back on disability as a state to be prevented, in the process establishing genetic ties between kin.

Joint operational decision-making in collaborative transportation networks: the role of IT

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Buijs ◽  
J.C. (“Hans”) Wortmann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Supply Chain Collaboration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Operational Decision Making ◽  
And Control

Purpose – This paper addresses horizontal supply chain collaboration among autonomous freight carriers in the less-than-truckload industry. The main purpose of the paper is to identify and explain the challenges with joint operational decision-making in this context and investigate the precise role of information technology (IT) therein. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical evidence is gathered by means of exploratory and explanatory case research, with multiple cases at the planning departments of European freight carriers operating in collaborative transportation networks. Findings – Collaborating carriers face fundamental challenges in joint operational planning and control of collaborative transportation, despite the broad availability of state-of-the-art IT. These operational supply chain challenges can be explained by technological differences of the available IT applications, which hinder integration. Research limitations/implications – Any expectations with regard to state-of-the-art XML or EDI-based IT integration for improved joint operational decision-making in collaborative transportation networks should be considered with care. In particular, the authors' research findings may encourage practitioners to consider new planning and control procedures and develop dedicated IT applications for collaborating freight carriers. Originality/value – The paper highlights the importance of horizontal supply chain collaboration for small and medium-sized freight carriers in the less-than-truckload industry and conceptualises how collaborative transportation networks are organised. Furthermore, an IT typology is introduced to explain the challenges with joint operational decision-making.

scholarly journals Trustworthy Predictive Algorithms for Complex Forest System Decision-Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpendra Rana ◽  
Lav R. Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Predictive Algorithms ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Support ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Conservation And Management

Advances in predictive algorithms are revolutionizing how we understand and design effective decision support systems in many sectors. The expanding role of predictive algorithms is part of a broader movement toward using data-driven machine learning (ML) for modalities including images, natural language, speech. This article reviews whether and to what extent predictive algorithms can assist decision-making in forest conservation and management. Although state-of-the-art ML algorithms provide new opportunities, adoption has been slow in forest decision-making. This review shows how domain-specific characteristics, such as system complexity, impose limits on using predictive algorithms in forest conservation and management. We conclude with possible directions for developing new predictive tools and approaches to support meaningful forest decisions through easily interpretable and explainable recommendations.

scholarly journals Las teorías de la localización de la inversión extranjera directa (IED): una aproximación

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Villarreal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
The State ◽  
Quantitative Models ◽  
New Perspective

Palabras claves: Inversión extranjera directa, corporaciones transnacionales, globalizaciónResumen. El objetivo de esta obra es presentar una aproximación al estado actual del arte en el tema. En este sentido, se intentarán exponer los motivos que desencadenan que las diversas teorías relativas a la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) no proporcionen una respuesta unánime sobre la localización del capital extranjero con fines productivos, enfatizando la ausencia de modelos cuantitativos para explicar los factores en la decisión de invertir en el extranjero. Se presentan los conceptos y definiciones fundamentales relacionados con el tema. Finalmente, ofrece una perspectiva sobre el quehacer en las investigaciones relacionadas al tema.Key words: Foreign direct investment, transnational corporations, globalizationAbstract. The objective of this work is to present an approximation of the state of the art in the theme. For this purpose, I will try to illustrate the motives in order to unravel why the diverse theories of the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) do not provide a unanimous response to the role of the foreign capital on productive end, emphasizing the absence of quantitative models to explain the factors that are essential in decision making of investing abroad. The concepts are presented and fundamental definitions related to the theme are pointed out. Finally, I offer a new perspective as how to conduct reasearch on this subject.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

The Role of Shared Decision-Making in Audiologic Rehabilitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Pryce ◽  
Amanda Hall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Treatment Information ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Audiologic Rehabilitation

Shared decision-making (SDM), a component of patient-centered care, is the process in which the clinician and patient both participate in decision-making about treatment; information is shared between the parties and both agree with the decision. Shared decision-making is appropriate for health care conditions in which there is more than one evidence-based treatment or management option that have different benefits and risks. The patient's involvement ensures that the decisions regarding treatment are sensitive to the patient's values and preferences. Audiologic rehabilitation requires substantial behavior changes on the part of patients and includes benefits to their communication as well as compromises and potential risks. This article identifies the importance of shared decision-making in audiologic rehabilitation and the changes required to implement it effectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document