scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Delta (PPARδ) Gene before and after Exercise in Horse

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Woo Cho ◽  
Sangsu Shin ◽  
Jeong-Woong Park ◽  
Jae-Young Choi ◽  
Nam-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
I Gene

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Adrenergic Receptor Beta 2 (ADRB2) Gene before and after Exercise in the Horse

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 686-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Woo Cho ◽  
Sangsu Shin ◽  
Ki-Duk Song ◽  
Jeong-Woong Park ◽  
Jae-Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Receptor Beta ◽  
I Gene

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila Are Not Associated with Major Changes in the Circulating Endocannabinoidome but Linked to Higher Mono-Palmitoyl-Glycerol Levels as New PPARα Agonists

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Clara Depommier ◽  
Rosa Maria Vitale ◽  
Fabio Arturo Iannotti ◽  
Cristoforo Silvestri ◽  
Nicolas Flamand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Palmitoyl Glycerol

Akkermansia muciniphila is considered as one of the next-generation beneficial bacteria in the context of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Although a first proof-of-concept of its beneficial effects has been established in the context of metabolic syndrome in humans, mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aimed at deciphering whether the bacterium exerts its beneficial properties through the modulation of the endocannabinoidome (eCBome). Circulating levels of 25 endogenous endocannabinoid-related lipids were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the plasma of overweight or obese individuals before and after a 3 months intervention consisting of the daily ingestion of either alive or pasteurized A. muciniphila. Results from multivariate analyses suggested that the beneficial effects of A. muciniphila were not linked to an overall modification of the eCBome. However, subsequent univariate analysis showed that the decrease in 1-Palmitoyl-glycerol (1-PG) and 2-Palmitoyl-glycerol (2-PG), two eCBome lipids, observed in the placebo group was significantly counteracted by the alive bacterium, and to a lower extent by the pasteurized form. We also discovered that 1- and 2-PG are endogenous activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). We hypothesize that PPARα activation by mono-palmitoyl-glycerols may underlie part of the beneficial metabolic effects induced by A. muciniphila in human metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Effects of 7°C environmental temperature acclimation during a 3-week training period

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-777
Author(s):  
Robert Shute ◽  
Katherine Marshall ◽  
Megan Opichka ◽  
Halee Schnitzler ◽  
Brent Ruby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Cellular Signaling ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Cold environmental temperatures during exercise and recovery alter the acute response to cellular signaling and training adaptations. Approximately 3 wk is required for cold temperature acclimation to occur. To determine the impact of cold environmental temperature on training adaptations, fitness measurements, and aerobic performance, two groups of 12 untrained male subjects completed 1 h of cycling in 16 temperature acclimation sessions in either a 7°C or 20°C environmental temperature. Fitness assessments before and after acclimation occurred at standard room temperature. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after training to assess molecular markers related to mitochondrial development. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α ( PGC-1α) mRNA was higher in 7°C than in 20°C in response to acute exercise before training ( P = 0.012) but not after training ( P = 0.813). PGC-1α mRNA was lower after training ( P < 0.001). BNIP3 was lower after training in the 7°C than in the 20°C group ( P = 0.017) but not before training ( P = 0.549). No other differences occurred between temperature groups in VEGF, ERRα, NRF1, NRF2, TFAM, PINK1, Parkin, or BNIP3L mRNAs ( P > 0.05). PGC-1α protein and mtDNA were not different before training, after training, or between temperatures ( P > 0.05). Cycling power increased during the daily training ( P < 0.001) but was not different between temperatures ( P = 0.169). V̇o2peak increased with training ( P < 0.001) but was not different between temperature groups ( P = 0.460). These data indicate that a 3-wk period of acclimation/training in cold environmental temperatures alters PGC-1α gene expression acutely but this difference is not manifested in a greater increase in V̇o2peak and is dissipated as acclimation takes place. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study examines the adaptive response of cellular signaling during exercise in cold environmental temperatures. We demonstrate that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α mRNA is different between cold and room temperature environments before training but after training this difference no longer exists. This initial difference in transcriptional response between temperatures does not lead to differences in performance measures or increases in protein or mitochondria.

Adult rats prenatally exposed to ethanol have increased gluconeogenesis and impaired insulin response of hepatic gluconeogenic genes

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Hai Yao ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
B. L. Grégoire Nyomba
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Response ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Before And After

Rat offspring exposed to ethanol (EtOH rats) during pregnancy are insulin resistant, but it is unknown whether they have increased gluconeogenesis. To address this issue, we determined blood glucose and liver gluconeogenic genes, proteins, and enzyme activities before and after insulin administration in juvenile and adult EtOH rats and submitted adult EtOH rats to a pyruvate challenge. In juvenile rats, basal glucose; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator-1α protein and mRNA; and phospho enolpyruvate carboxykinase enzyme activity, protein, and mRNA were similar between groups. After insulin injection, these parameters failed to decrease in EtOH rats, but glucose decreased by 30% and gluconeogenic enzymes, proteins, and mRNAs decreased by 50–70% in control rats. In adult offspring, basal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator-1α protein and mRNA levels were 40–80% higher in EtOH rats than in controls. Similarly, basal phospho enolpyruvate carboxykinase activity, protein, and mRNA were ∼1.8-fold greater in EtOH rats than in controls. These parameters decreased by ∼50% after insulin injection in control rats, but they remained unchanged in EtOH rats. After insulin injection in the adult rats, glucose decreased by 60% in controls but did not decrease significantly in EtOH rats. A subset of adult EtOH rats had fasting hyperglycemia and an exaggerated glycemic response to pyruvate compared with controls. The data indicate that, after prenatal EtOH exposure, the expression of gluconeogenic genes is exaggerated in adult rat offspring and is insulin resistant in both juvenile and adult rats, explaining increased gluconeogenesis. These alterations persist through adulthood and may contribute to the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes after exposure to EtOH in utero.

The effect of training on the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis- and apoptosis-related proteins in skeletal muscle of patients with mtDNA defects

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. E672-E680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Adhihetty ◽  
Tanja Taivassalo ◽  
Ronald G. Haller ◽  
Donald R. Walkinshaw ◽  
David A. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Mitochondrial Myopathy ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Selective Reduction ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mitochondrial Content ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Before And After

Mitochondrial myopathy patients (MMPs) have impaired oxidative phosphorylation and exercise intolerance. Endurance training of MMPs improves exercise tolerance, but also increases mutational load. To assess the regulation of mitochondrial content in MMPs, we measured proteins involved in 1) biogenesis, 2) oxidative stress, and 3) apoptosis in MMPs and healthy controls (HCs) both before and after endurance training. Before training, MMPs had a greater mitochondrial content, along with a 1.4-fold ( P < 0.05) higher expression of the biogenesis regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). The DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycolase-1 (OGG-1), the antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and the apoptotic proteins AIF and Bcl-2 were higher in MMPs compared with HCs. Aconitase, an enzyme sensitive to oxidative stress, was 52% lower ( P < 0.05) in MMPs when calculated based on an estimate of mitochondrial volume and oxidative stress-induced protein modifications tended to be higher in MMPs compared with HCs. Endurance training (ET) induced increases in mitochondrial content in both HC subjects and MMPs, but there was no effect of training on the regulatory proteins Tfam or PGC-1α. In MMPs, training induced a selective reduction of OGG-1, an increase in MnSOD, and a reduction in aconitase activity. Thus, before training, MMPs exhibited an adaptive response of nuclear proteins indicative of a compensatory increase in mitochondrial content. Following training, several parallel adaptations occurred in MMPs and HCs, which may contribute to previously observed functional improvements of exercise in MMPs. However, our results indicate that muscle from MMPs may be exposed to greater levels of oxidative stress during the course of training. Further investigation is required to evaluate the long-term benefits of endurance training as a therapeutic intervention for mitochondrial myopathy patients.

scholarly journals Blunted muscle mitochondrial responses to exercise training in older adults with HIV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M Jankowski ◽  
Melissa P Wilson ◽  
Samantha MaWhinney ◽  
Jane Reusch ◽  
Leslie Knaub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Anion Channel ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Voltage Dependent Anion Channel ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Manganese Superoxide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Background Muscle mitochondrial dysfunction associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may improve with exercise. Methods Muscle specimens obtained before and after 24 weeks of exercise in older PWH (n=18; ART &gt;2 years) and uninfected controls (n=21) were analyzed for citrate synthase (CS) activity and complexes (C) I-V, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PGC1α), and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) content. Results Only controls had increased CS, MnSOD, PGC1 and CIV (P≤0.01; P&lt; 0.01 vs PWH) after training. Conclusions The blunted mitochondrial adaptations to training in PWH suggests the need for different types of exercise-induced stimulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document