The Mississippian Community at Parchman Place

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Erin S. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Occupational History ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Neighborhood Contexts ◽  
History Of

The final chapter offers a reconstruction of the occupational history of Parchman Place through the founding of the community in the early 14th century and continuing through its abandonment in the late 15th or early 16th century. Following this reconstruction, the chapter ties together themes considered throughout the book. Organized by scale, this tying-together begins with a look at Mississippian neighborhoods and moves through increasingly broader scales, ending with a consideration of how Mississippian people used placemaking to locate themselves and their community within the greater Mississippian cosmos. Throughout, the emphasis is on particular instances of placemaking, including the intentional deposition or emplacement of culturally meaningful substances in mound and neighborhood contexts. These practices illustrate the continued negotiations between authority and autonomy that Mississippian people navigated as they created and re-created their communities in the image of a whole and balanced world.

The first Russian dictionaries

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Н.Е. Касьяненко
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Статья посвящена истории развития словарного дела на Руси и появлению первых словарей. Затрагиваются первые, несловарные формы описания лексики в письменных памятниках XI–XVII вв. (глоссы), из которых черпался материал для собственно словарей. Анализируются основные лексикографические жанры этого времени и сложение на их основе азбуковников. В статье уделено внимание таким конкретным лексикографическим произведениям, как ономастикону «Рѣчь жидовскаго «зыка» (XVIII в.), словарям-символикам «Толк о неразумнех словесех» (XV в.) и «Се же приточне речеся», произвольнику, объясняющему славянские слова, «Тлъкование нεоудобь познаваεмомъ въ писаныхъ рѣчемь» (XIV в.), разговорнику «Рѣчь тонкословія греческаго» (ХV в.). Характеризуется словарь Максима Грека «Толкованіе именамъ по алфавиту» (XVI в.). Предметом более подробного освещения стал «Лексис…» Л. Зизания – первый печатный словарь на Руси. На примерах дается анализ его реестровой и переводной частей. Рассматривается известнейший труд П. Берынды «Лексикон славеноросский и имен толкование», а также рукописный «Лексикон латинский…» Е. Славинецкого, являющий собой образец переводного словаря XVII в. The article is dedicated to the history of the development of vocabulary in Russia and the emergence of the first dictionaries. The first, non-verbar forms of description of vocabulary in written monuments of the 11th and 17th centuries (glosses), from which material for the dictionaries themselves were drawn, are affected. The main lexicographical genres of this time are analyzed and the addition of alphabets on their basis. The article focuses on specific lexicographical works such as the «Zhidovskago» (18th century) the dictionaries-symbols of «The Talk of Unreasonable Words» (the 15th century). and «The Same Speech», an arbitrary explanation of slavic words, «The tlution of the cognition in the written», (the 14th century), the phrasebook «Ry subtle Greek» (the 15th century). Maxim Greck's dictionary «Tolkien names in alphabetical order» (16th century) is characterized. The subject of more detailed coverage was «Lexis...» L. Sizania is the first printed dictionary in Russia. Examples give analysis of its registry and translation parts. The famous work of P. Berynda «Lexicon of Slavic and Names of Interpretation» and the handwritten «Lexicon Latin...» are considered. E. Slavinecki, which is a model of the 17th century translated dictionary.

scholarly journals Le reintegre o platee dei Sanseverino di Bisignano: diritti e prelievo signorile nella Calabria settentrionale (secolo XV - prima metà del XVI)

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-151
Author(s):  
Riccardo Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political System ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of

The aim of this paper is to reassess the history of the Sanseverino family, princes of Bisignano in Calabria in the Late Middle Ages; by focusing on a specific and unpublished source: the so-called “reintegre or platee” as written in the first half of the 16th century. These are public sources mostly enlisting properties and benefits; they serve the purpose of re-possessing the privileges taken from the princes themselves over the previous century. The paper will therefore focus not only on the management and character of the seigneurial landholdings but also on the reconstruction of both the local networks of power exerted on the population and the local political system. It will shed new light on the still debated historiographical issue centered on the seigneurial authority in southern Italy by assessing its local rooting and pervasiveness since the 14th century.

scholarly journals Источники по истории суфийской обители Сейида Али Султана (г. Димотика, Греция)

Islamology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Yuri Averyanov
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Sources

This paper is devoted to one of renowned abdals (saints) who migrated to Balkan in the 14th century. It is Seyyid ‘Ali Sultan who was nicknamed Qyzyl-deli. The author reconstructed his life on the basis of the wide spectrum of written sources: historical chronicles, hagiography (particularly, «Vilayet-name-i Seyyid ‘Ali Sultan»), mystic hymns (nefes) and waqfs. According to the Bektashi tradition, Seyyid ‘Ali Sultan was the link between Haji Bektash and Balym Sultan who has been educated in his tekke. The author puts his figure between two mystical type: the doctrine of the early Sufi masters of Bektashiyya and «janissarian» Sufism of the 16th century. He also touches upon the issue of history of genesis of Sufi tekkes in the Balkan peninsula in the early centuries of the Ottoman conquest.

History of the Romanian Lexicon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Iliescu
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Foreign Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Origin

The history of the Romanian lexicon has been divided into periods in various ways: (a) the Latin of the Danubian provinces (from around the 2nd to around the 7th centuries); (b) common Romanian (româna comună, from 8th to 11th/12th centuries); and (c) preliterary Romanian (the centuries this period covers vary, from the 8th century at the earliest to the 14th century at the latest) and the rise of literary Romanian (start of the 16th century–1780). This latter period includes the most important stages in the process of unification and modernization of Romanian, and thus of its lexicon; (d) Modern Romanian (1780–1945); and (e) the contemporary era, including the socialist period (1945–1989) and current Romanian. A stand-alone section 7 discusses the numerous external influences of varied and complex origin: geographic contact, bi- and multilingualism, foreign occupation and/or domination, and last but not least, the strengthening of national conscience followed or accompanied by a cultural and political paradigm shift.

scholarly journals A BRIEF STUDY OF TRADE GUILDS IN ANDHRA FROM 1300 AD TO 1600 AD

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
P. Ravi ◽  
M. Venkatachalapathy
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Political History ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
External Trade ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of

The period between to 13th century AD and 16th century AD is very crucial in the political history of South India general and especially in the history of Andhrapradesh. Because the first part of the 14th century (1323 AD) witnessed the Muslim invasions which cast for the rise of revolts by the federated of the chief Kakatiyas to liberated Andhradesa from the Muslim leaders when the Andhra region caught in political disturbances. It impact on the socio-economic spheres of the period, the conditions of trade and commerce became a setback. After freed the Andhradesa from the Muslim conquers, the socio-economic conditions became slowly as use well. Naturally the trade and commerce especially internal & external trade with foreign countries slowly gained economic profits the trade and merchant guilds were also moved towards in progress. So the present paper is focussed on a brief study of trade guilds in Andhra (1300 AD to 1600 AD) is discussed briefly.

Sufi Dynastic Families in Pre-Mughal India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushmita Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Intuitive Knowledge ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Spiritual Path ◽  
Biographical Dictionary ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Chain

In South Asia the proliferation of Muslim settlements between the 13th and the 15th centuries was accompanied by the expansion of sufi fraternities. Sufis were revered as venerable figures due to their status as the possessors of spiritual grace and intuitive knowledge. Many sufis cultivated a comportment that was endearing, avuncular, and charismatic. They also gained renown for their textual productions, some more than others. Conventional historiography classifies sufis according to their affiliation to sufi silsilahs (spiritual order): Chishti, Suhrawardi, Firdausi, Qadiri, and several others. The linear perception of a silsilah as a chain of transmission of authority from a sufi pīr (spiritual master) to his murīds (disciple) and k̲h̲alīfās (spiritual successor), and the fixed notions about precepts and praxis have conflated the heterogeneous spiritual paths of individual sufis. Most of the spiritual orders did not expand in a unilateral manner. The classification of sufi silsilahs by similitude and differences precludes the complex, multistranded evolution of sufi praxis. The perception of a homogeneous silsilah is premised on the textualization of the genealogy of sufis in the taz̠kirāt (biographical dictionary).The perception that a hegemonic spiritual order is based on a linear and exclusionary chain of transmission of authority as evident in the taz̠kirāt can be challenged by taking recourse to the discourses of individual Sufis in the malfūz̤āt (utterances). The malfūz̤āt represent the spiritual path of charismatic sufi preceptors who relied on select historical personages from an “omnipresent past” to define their praxis rather than on a linear history of sufi preceptors. By contextualizing sufi texts in their contexts, the negotiation and competition among the lineal and spiritual descendants can be traced. In the 14th century neo-eponymous sufis effortlessly transited from one sufi affiliation to another (Nizamiyya to Chishti, for instance), but in the 16th century sufi texts highlighted the simultaneous, multiple affiliations of sufis, thereby complicating the history of the sufi silsilahs.

The diagnosis of early pneumoconiosis in dust-exposed workers: comparison of chest radiography and computed tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110225
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Hayashi ◽  
Kazuto Ashizawa ◽  
Masashi Takahashi ◽  
Katsuya Kato ◽  
Hiroaki Arakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Occupational History ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Positive Results

Background Chest radiography (CR) is employed as the evaluation of pneumoconiosis; however, we sometimes encounter cases in which computed tomography (CT) is more effective in detecting subtle pathological changes or cases in which CR yields false-positive results. Purpose To compare CR to CT in the diagnosis of early-stage pneumoconiosis. Material and Methods CR and CT were performed for 132 workers with an occupational history of mining. We excluded 23 cases of arc-welder’s lung. Five readers who were experienced chest radiologists or pulmonologists independently graded the pulmonary small opacities on CR of the remaining 109 cases. We then excluded 37 cases in which the CT data were not sufficient for grading. CT images of the remaining 72 cases were graded by the five readers. We also assessed the degree of pulmonary emphysema in those cases. Results The grade of profusion on CR (CR score) of all five readers was identical in only 5 of 109 cases (4.6%). The CR score coincided with that on CT in 40 of 72 cases (56%). The CT score was higher than that on CR in 13 cases (18%). On the other hand, the CT score was lower than that on CR in 19 cases (26%). The incidence of pulmonary emphysema was significantly higher in patients whose CR score was higher than their CT score. Conclusion CT is more sensitive than CR in the evaluation of early-stage pneumoconiosis. In cases with emphysema, the CR score tends to be higher in comparison to that on CT.

scholarly journals RADIOCARBON DATES FROM THE MONASTERY ON KOM H IN OLD DONGOLA (SUDAN) AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF MEDIEVAL NUBIAN POTTERY

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Dorota Dzierzbicka ◽  
Katarzyna Danys
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT The paper presents and discusses a series of radiocarbon (14C) dates from a medieval Nubian monastery found on Kom H of Old Dongola, the capital of the kingdom of Makuria located in modern-day Sudan. The monastery was founded in the 6th–7th century AD and although it probably ceased to function in the 14th century, the site remained occupied until the beginning of the 15th century. The investigated courtyard of the monastery was in use from the 11th to the 14th century, as indicated by the ceramics and 14C analysis results presented here. The dates under consideration are the first published series of 14C dates from this site, which is of crucial importance for historical research on medieval Nubian Christianity and monasticism. They permit to begin building an absolute chronological framework for research on the archaeological finds from the site and region. A group of finds in particular need of such a framework are ceramics, and the implications of the 14C dates for pottery assemblages found in the dated contexts are discussed. The conclusions summarize the significance of the datings for the history of the site.

Richard Lavenham and the Cambridge Logic

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vincent Spade
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Logical Study

Summary This paper argues that the 14th-century Oxford Carmelite Richard Lavenham was the author of the treatise De syncategorematibus that was used as a textbook in 15th-century Cambridge, a version of which was printed several times in the late 15th and early 16th centuries in the Libellus sophistarum ad usum Cantabrigiensium. The manuscript versions of this treatise differ significantly from one another and from the printed editions, so that the claim of Lavenham’s authorship needs to be carefully considered. The evidence for this claim is described briefly. The identification of the De syncategorematibus in the Cambridge Libellus as Lavenham’s provides the first real indication that Lavenham, whose works testify to the influence of other authors on logico-linguistic studies in late 14th-century Oxford, was himself not without influence as late as the early 16th century. On the other hand, the De syncategorematibus is not a very competent treatise, so that its inclusion as a textbook in the Libellus sophistarum is an indication of the decline of the logical study of language in England during this period. A brief analysis of the contents of the treatise supports this observation.

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