Agriculture at Betty’s Hope

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Georgia L. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Repressive Regime

Chapter 7 by Georgia Fox explores sugar cane agriculture at Betty’s Hope. An industrial complex, the cycle of cane cultivation, harvesting, and processing is examined in detail. One of the key questions is whether there was any true innovation, particularly with the advent of the Industrial Revolution. It is suggested that enslaved labor contributed to innovations, but to claim their contributions was subsumed under the repressive regime of the plantation hierarchy. Agricultural production is also discussed as it relates to extreme weather events such as drought and the critical need for water to run a large plantation like Betty’s Hope. Utilizing the archaeological and documentary evidence, the shift from more traditional farming techniques to steam power is demonstrated for the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Vpliv namakanja v kombinaciji s tehnologijo nege ledine na razporeditev, migracijo ter vsebnost nitrata in bakra v tleh oljčnih nasadov

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Maja PODGORNIK
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Technical Management ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Olive Groves

The more frequent and intense extreme weather events (higher temperatures – the intensity and frequency of heat weaves, more and longer periods of drought) and weather-related diseases and pests, that have caused the greatest damage to olive production in the recent years, are a warning that urgent changes to Slovenian olive culture are needed. Due to the realisation that adaptations of agricultural production to climatic changes can have negative effects on the environment (water, soil), we conducted an experiment to determine the actual effect of adaptations of agro-technical management on the dynamics of nitrate and copper in the soil. The results of the study have shown that irrigation in combination with the technology of soil cultivation have effect on the allocation, migration and content of nitrate and copper in the soil of olive groves. Along with the fact that applied water allows the undisturbed absorption of nutrients into the plant, it can also improve the conditions for mineralisation and decomposition of organic matter, which is heavily dependent on the type of soil cultivation.

scholarly journals Real time implementation of agricultural contingency plans to cope with weather aberrations in Indian agriculture

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
CH. SRINIVASA RAO RAO ◽  
G. RAVINDRA CHARY ◽  
N. RANI ◽  
V. S. BAVISKAR
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Overall Stability ◽  
Droughts And Floods ◽  
Seasonal Droughts

Weather aberrations impact agriculture and allied sectors in one or other parts of the India round the year. Seasonal droughts and extreme weather events in 21st century have caused alarming losses not only in agricultural production but also horticulture, livestock, poultry and fisheries. ICAR-CRIDA, SAUs and DAC, MoA, GoI, prepared more than 580 district level agriculture plans within formation on contingency measures for sustaining higher agriculture production and to cope with extreme events. Real-time contingency planning (RTCP) is being conceptualized and implemented at micro level in farmers’ fields in this country. RTCP implementation during delayed onset of monsoon, seasonal droughts and floods resulted in better crop performance, higher agricultural production, better incomes and overall stability in house-hold livelihoods. In this paper, the real-contingency measures to cope with extreme events for management of horticultural crops, livestock, poultry and fisheries are proposed. Further, the preparedness for RTCP implementation with policy initiatives is also suggested.

Are humans to blame for the heat experienced in Geneva in the summer of 2015?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Angelil
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The City

Since the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, humans have been changing the chemical composition of the atmosphere by burning fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These gases are known to scientists as “greenhouse-gases”. Greenhouse-gases are vital to sustain life on Earth, but rapidly increasing concentrations of them can have catastrophic consequences. The word ‘catastrophic’ is perfectly fitting here, because, as will be demonstrated in this article, it is now believed our greenhouse-gas emissions play a large role in the occurrence of extreme weather events that cause billions of dollars worth of damage to infrastructure, and bring about tens of thousands of human deaths every year. We additionally explain how extremes occurring over spatial scales smaller than what climate models can resolve, such as a heatwave over the city of Geneva in Switzerland, can be attributed to human activity – the first study of its kind to use such an approach.

scholarly journals Identifying agricultural disaster risk zones for future climate actions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260430
Author(s):  
Nkongho Ayuketang Arreyndip
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Sub Saharan

Identifying agricultural disaster risk regions before the occurrence of climate-related disasters is critical for early mitigation planning. This paper aims to identify these regions based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the bilateral and multilateral trade network data of the World Integrated Trade Solution(WITS) and the agent-based economic model Acclimate. By applying a uniform forcing across agricultural sectors of some breadbasket regions (US, EU and China), when single and simultaneous extreme weather events occur, such as the 2018 European heatwave, production and consumption value losses and gains are calculated at regional and global levels. Comparing the FAO data sets, WITS, and Acclimate’s production value losses, the results show a strong dependence of agricultural production losses on a region’s output and connectivity level in the global supply and trade network. While India, Brazil, Russia, Canada, Australia, and Iran are highly vulnerable, the imposition of export restrictions to compensate for demand shortfalls makes Sub-Saharan Africa the most vulnerable region, as it is heavily dependent on agricultural imports. In addition, simultaneous extreme weather events can exacerbate the loss of value of agricultural production relative to single extreme weather events. Agricultural practices to increase production such as smart farming, increased investment in plantation agriculture, and diversification of trading partners can help mitigate future food security risks in Sub-Saharan Africa and other agricultural import-dependent regions.

scholarly journals Corona Virus, Climate Change, and Food Security

2021 ◽  
pp. 563-579
Author(s):  
Nkiru Theresa Meludu ◽  
Toyin Abolade
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Shortage ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improve Food Security

AbstractCoronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a current pandemic causing lockdown of cities and countries. The nature of this disease and the global cases are still considered as deadly all over the world. Analogous was drawn between the current COVID-19 pandemic and some of the other contemporary crises of the world as regards to climate change in addition to food shortage. Also, Survey Monkey instrument was used to generate emperical evidences from 514 respondents on covid-19 awareness and the effect on food security. Effects of diseases on climate change, such as the increasing frequency and strength of extreme weather events or the expanding range and spread of diseases was considered. Then, the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change was investigated. Prior to the pandemic, climate change already had adverse effects on agriculture and vice versa, which led to food insecurity. The need for fruits as well as leafy and root vegetables in peri-urban and urban areas is increasing, as well as the food shortage. A drop in agricultural production will be expected in the future if the pandemic continues for a few more months. The perception and adherence to the preventive measures for this pandemic were determined to reduce its spread and lessen its effect on agricultural production as well as to improve food security

Steam and Waterpower in the Early Nineteenth Century

1966 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Temin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Steam Engine ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
English Industrial Revolution

The use of steam power in manufacturing has long been recognized as an important part of the English industrial revolution, but in studies of the United States the role of the steam engine in manufacturing has been overshadowed by its application in railroads. This paper attempts partially to redress the balance by examining the use of stationary steam engines in America about 1840. Section I explores the characteristics of the supply of stationary engines in America, contrasting the engines used in America with those used in Britain. Section II discusses the demand for steam engines, that is, the factors underlying the choice between steam and waterpower in different industries.

The Origins of Fossil Capital: From Water to Steam in the British Cotton Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Malm
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Cotton Industry ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Dangerous Climate Change ◽  
Business As Usual

AbstractThe process commonly referred to as business-as-usual has given rise to dangerous climate change, but its social history remains strangely unexplored. A key moment in its onset was the transition to steam power as a source of rotary motion in commodity production, in Britain and, first of all, in its cotton industry. This article tries to approach the dynamics of the fossil economy by examining the causes of the transition from water to steam in the British cotton industry in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Common perceptions of the shift as driven by scarcity are refuted, and it is shown that the choice of steam was motivated by a rather different concern: power over labour. Turning away from standard interpretations of the role of energy in the industrial revolution, this article opens a dialogue with Marx on matters of carbon and outlines a theory of fossil capital, better suited for understanding the drivers of business-as-usual as it continues to this day.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ADAPTATION PRACTICES TO CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION BY FARMING HOUSEHOLD. A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
James Kimani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Farming Household ◽  
Adaptation Practices

Purpose: Climate change can disrupt food availability, reduce access to food, and affect food quality.  Projected increases in temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, changes in extreme weather events, and reductions in water availability may all result in reduced agricultural productivity. Increases in the frequency and severity extreme weather events can also interrupt food delivery, and resulting spikes in food prices after extreme events are expected to be more frequent in the future.  Increasing temperatures can contribute to spoilage and contamination. The general objective of the study was to establish the effect of Adaptation practices to climate change and its impact on agricultural production by farming household.    Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study found out the locals households prefer multiple adaptation strategies to counter the effects of climate variability and change. The current local adaptation strategies include crop, diversification, shifting planting dates, off farm jobs and diversifying from farm to non – farm activities. However majority of the respondents employ crop diversification as the main adaptation strategy. For the locals’ crop diversification does, to an extent, guarantees good harvests although there are years in which farmers report total crop losses Recommendations: The study recommends that policy efforts should be directed at enforcing  adaptation measures of climate change in order to boost agricultural  production

scholarly journals Climate risk services for cereal farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Anne Gobin ◽  
Nicoletta Addimando ◽  
Christoph Ramshorn ◽  
Karl Gutbrod
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Frost Risk ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The World

Abstract. Agricultural production is largely determined by weather conditions during the crop growing season. An important aspect of crop yield estimation concerns crop growth development. The occurrence of meteorological events such as frosts, droughts or heat stress during the crop life cycle or during certain phenological stages helps explain yield fluctuations of common arable crops. We developed a methodology and visualisation tool for risk assessment, and tested the workflow for drought and frost risk for winter wheat, winter barley and grain maize in Belgium. The methodology has the potential to be extended to other extreme weather events and their impacts on crop growth in different regions of the world.

scholarly journals Extreme vulnerability of smallholder farmers to agricultural risks and climate change in Madagascar

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1639) ◽  
pp. 20130089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia A. Harvey ◽  
Zo Lalaina Rakotobe ◽  
Nalini S. Rao ◽  
Radhika Dave ◽  
Hery Razafimahatratra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Tropics

Across the tropics, smallholder farmers already face numerous risks to agricultural production. Climate change is expected to disproportionately affect smallholder farmers and make their livelihoods even more precarious; however, there is limited information on their overall vulnerability and adaptation needs. We conducted surveys of 600 households in Madagascar to characterize the vulnerability of smallholder farmers, identify how farmers cope with risks and explore what strategies are needed to help them adapt to climate change. Malagasy farmers are particularly vulnerable to any shocks to their agricultural system owing to their high dependence on agriculture for their livelihoods, chronic food insecurity, physical isolation and lack of access to formal safety nets. Farmers are frequently exposed to pest and disease outbreaks and extreme weather events (particularly cyclones), which cause significant crop and income losses and exacerbate food insecurity. Although farmers use a variety of risk-coping strategies, these are insufficient to prevent them from remaining food insecure. Few farmers have adjusted their farming strategies in response to climate change, owing to limited resources and capacity. Urgent technical, financial and institutional support is needed to improve the agricultural production and food security of Malagasy farmers and make their livelihoods resilient to climate change.

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