Das nemo-tenetur-Prinzip bei außerstrafrechtlicher Pflichterfüllung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Alexander Knippel
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Legal Foundation ◽  
Nemo Tenetur ◽  
Disclosure Obligations

Outside of criminal proceedings, there are various duties of disclosure that challenge the principle of nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare, which states that no person may be compelled to incriminate themselves. The question arises as to whether or not a legal subject can refuse such disclosure obligations outside of criminal proceedings invoking the nemo tenetur principle, or how such a (sometimes self-convicting) performance of duty affects criminal proceedings. The author attempts to provide the lawmaker with a systematic concept for answering this question in consideration of the historical, ethical and legal foundation of nemo tenetur, as well as an interpretation of the pertinent jurisdiction.

Tracing criminal proceeds through fungible mixtures in money laundering cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-792
Author(s):  
Kenny Foo
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
Disclosure Obligations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the problem of tracing criminal proceeds through fungible mixtures, in the context of money laundering prosecutions and with a specific focus on whether clean withdrawals can be made from tainted mixtures. Design/methodology/approach The question of withdrawing clean funds from a tainted mixture is framed as a problem of proof rather than a problem of impossibility. The tracing rules are then engaged to overcome evidential difficulties, but the rules are shown to operate very differently in civil proceedings and criminal proceedings. The proper application of the tracing rules in criminal proceedings is then illustrated using the facts of William v R [2013] EWCA Crim 1262. Findings Because evidential uncertainties must be resolved in favour of the accused person in criminal proceedings, the tracing rules – properly applied – limit the range of situations in which the Prosecution can successfully trace criminal proceeds through fungible mixtures. Originality/value This paper may be useful to law enforcement, those involved in prosecuting or defending money laundering cases and regulated persons assessing their money laundering risks and disclosure obligations.

scholarly journals Application Of International Law Principles By International Tribunals

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-459
Author(s):  
Marian Mihăilă
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Legal Foundation ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
International Tribunals ◽  
International Character

Abstract The observance of fundamental rules of public international law could be ensured only by the strengthening of penal law. However, despite several precedents assuring the good foundation of international law development in this respect and of the future endeavours expected to confirm the international society’s adhesion to the penal repression requirements, the low convergence of public international law and criminal law reveals the difficulties that may occur in the way of a doctrine persuaded by the necessity to construct a new legal subject in the domain of peace. The legitimacy of constituting the International Tribunals was proved, but on the other hand they were reproached the very lack of legitimacy, being ad-hoc constituted jurisdictions instituted by the winners, made only by the representatives of the victor powers, which deprived them from a true international character and the fact that their legal foundation as regards the applicable law was shaky.

Situación de las víctimas en Baja California (México) en el contexto actual

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Sergio Capito Mata ◽  
María Del Rosario Molina González ◽  
María De Jesús Soto barreras
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
El Sistema

Con el tiempo, la víctima en el sistema penal mexicano ha trascendido de un sistema inquisitivo a uno acusatorio, entendiendo así que no solo el delincuente es parte dentro del proceso penal, sino que también se debe dar un reco- nocimiento jurídico a la persona sobre la cual recaen las consecuencias del delito. Así, resulta importante el análi- sis de la concepción etimológica de la palabra “víctima”, cuál es el marco jurídico que la protege y la falta de ar- monización de la ley respectiva. De esta manera, se abor- dará esta investigación documental a manera de análisis situacional, con recopilación estadística y de campo, para conocer la realidad jurídica de la víctima en Baja Califor- nia, en un nuevo contexto jurídico, como avance parcial del proyecto de investigación “La situación de las víctimas como sujeto jurídico dentro del nuevo sistema de justicia penal acusatorio”. Eventually the victim in the Mexican penal system has transcended from an inquisitorial system to an adversari- al one. Understanding so that not only the offender’s part in the criminal proceedings, but also must give legal rec- ognition to the victim, upon which rests the consequences of crime. Thus, the analysis of the etymological concep- tion of the word “victim”, which is the legal framework that protects and lack of harmonization of the respec- tive law is important. Thus, this documentary research be addressed, as a situational analysis, statistical and field collection, to meet the legal reality of the victim in Baja California, in a new legal context as partial progress of the research project “The situation of victims as a legal subject within the new adversarial criminal justice sys- tem”. 

scholarly journals Emerging disclosure regime in criminal proceedings in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-176
Author(s):  
Akeem Olajide Bello
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Criminal Jurisdiction ◽  
Recent Reform ◽  
Disclosure Obligations ◽  
Management Issues

This article reviews the emerging disclosure regime in criminal proceedings in Nigeria and its future prospects. Until recently the Laws governing the administration of criminal justice in Nigeria contain very little provisions governing disclosure in criminal proce­edings. The recent reform of the Administration of Criminal Justice Laws in Nigeria have also not addressed the need to provide adequate rules governing disclosure in criminal proceedings. The paper exa­mines the provisions on disclosure obligations in criminal trials in Practice Directions of two Courts exercising criminal jurisdiction in Nigeria. The examination reveals that the provisions of the Practice Directions are designed to address case management issues and not specifically to regulate disclosure obligations of the prosecution and defence. The article charts the direction that the regulation of dis­closure obligations in criminal proceedings in Nigeria should follow.

scholarly journals Criminal Liability for Using Doping in Sport: German Experience - an Example for Russia?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-867
Author(s):  
Holm Putzke ◽  
Aleksey Tarbagaev ◽  
Аleksandr Nazarov ◽  
Ludmila Maiorova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Health It ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Nemo Tenetur

The use of doping in sport is quite widespread at present. Primarily, it concerns professional and high level sport, where the best performance results in high income and profitable endorsement deals. It creates a temptation to improve the natural sport achievements through the use of doping. The public danger of such actions is evident: doping not only poses a threat for the athlete’s health, it also, from the viewpoint of justice, infringes on the interests of those athletes who, out of principle, never use prohibited substances and (or) methods to improve their performance in sports. Besides, such actions considerably reduce the educational effect of sport, including the declared honesty and fairness of competition. Finally, the use of doping misleads fans, spectators and sponsors of sports competitions. The authors analyze German criminal anti-doping legislation and assess the possibilities of using some of its clauses to improve Russian criminal law norms that provide for criminal liability in the cases of doping-related crimes. They show if it is possible to use the athletes’ laboratory doping tests, probes, etc. as well as the official decisions of international, national disciplinary bodies and sport courts in criminal proceedings in connection with the well-known principle of nemo tenetur («nobody is bound to incriminate himself» — equivalent to the clause of Art. 51 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) while taking into account the prejudice principles of Russia and Germany.

СУД ЯК УЧАСНИК КРИМІНАЛЬНОГО ПРОВАДЖЕННЯ

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
В. В. Король ◽  
В. Д. Юрчишин
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Power ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Territorial Jurisdiction ◽  
Governmental Body ◽  
The Law

У статті зазначається, що серед учасників кримінального провадження суд посідає ви­ключне становище, оскільки тільки він є єдиним державним органом, що здійснює судову владу у визначених законом процесуальних формах. При цьому вказується, що суд по­трібно вважати встановленим законом лише за умови, що він утворений безпосередньо на підставі закону, діє в межах своєї предметної, функціональної й територіальної юрисдикції та в законному складі суду.   The article notes that among the participants in criminal proceedings the court occupies a unique position, because only it is the only governmental body which exercises the judicial power as defined by law procedural forms. It is submitted, that the court should consider the law only when it is formed directly on the basis of the law, acting within their subject, func­tional and territorial jurisdiction and legal composition of court.

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