scholarly journals The Impact of Macrophage Membrane Lipid Composition on Innate Immune Response Mechanisms

10.5772/25297 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schumann
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Macrophage Membrane

scholarly journals Innate Immune Response of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Fibroblasts and Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Periodontopathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopu Sriram ◽  
Vaishali Prakash Natu ◽  
Intekhab Islam ◽  
Xin Fu ◽  
Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cytokine Expression Profile ◽  
The Impact

Periodontitis involves complex interplay of bacteria and host immune response resulting in destruction of supporting tissues of the tooth. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in recognizing microbial pathogens and eliciting an innate immune response. Recently, the potential application of multipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in periodontal regenerative therapy has been proposed. However, little is known about the impact of periodontopathogens on hESC-derived progenies. This study investigates the effects of heat-killed periodontopathogens, namely,Porphyromonas gingivalisandAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, on TLR and cytokine expression profile of hESC-derived progenies, namely, fibroblasts (hESC-Fib) and mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs). Additionally, the serotype-dependent effect ofA. actinomycetemcomitanson hESC-derived progenies was explored. Both hESC-Fib and hESC-MSCs constitutively expressedTLR-2andTLR-4. hESC-Fib upon exposure to periodontopathogens displayed upregulation of TLRs and release of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). In contrast, hESC-MSCs were largely nonresponsive to bacterial challenge, especially in terms of cytokine production. Further, exposure of hESC-Fib toA. actinomycetemcomitansserotype c was associated with higher IL-8 production than serotype b. In contrast, the hESC-MSCs displayed no serotype-dependent response. Differential response of the two hESC progenies implies a phenotype-dependent response to periodontopathogens and supports the concept of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs.

scholarly journals The impact of membrane lipid composition on antimicrobial function of an α-helical peptide

2008 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Dennison ◽  
Leslie H.G. Morton ◽  
Frederick Harris ◽  
David A. Phoenix
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition ◽  
Helical Peptide ◽  
Antimicrobial Function ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of vitamin D on the innate immune response to uropathogenic Escherichia coli during pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 482.e1-482.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.L. Ramos ◽  
M. Sekikubo ◽  
F. Kironde ◽  
F. Mirembe ◽  
M. Sääf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals ApoE facilitates the microglial response to amyloid plaque pathology

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 (4) ◽  
pp. 1047-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Ulrich ◽  
Tyler K. Ulland ◽  
Thomas E. Mahan ◽  
Sofie Nyström ◽  
K. Peter Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Amyloid Plaque ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Amyloid Pathology ◽  
Plaque Deposition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deficient Mice

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease is the presence of extracellular diffuse and fibrillar plaques predominantly consisting of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) influences the deposition of amyloid pathology through affecting the clearance and aggregation of monomeric Aβ in the brain. In addition to influencing Aβ metabolism, increasing evidence suggests that apoE influences microglial function in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we characterize the impact that apoE has on amyloid pathology and the innate immune response in APPPS1ΔE9 and APPPS1-21 transgenic mice. We report that Apoe deficiency reduced fibrillar plaque deposition, consistent with previous studies. However, fibrillar plaques in Apoe-deficient mice exhibited a striking reduction in plaque compaction. Hyperspectral fluorescent imaging using luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes identified distinct Aβ morphotypes in Apoe-deficient mice. We also observed a significant reduction in fibrillar plaque–associated microgliosis and activated microglial gene expression in Apoe-deficient mice, along with significant increases in dystrophic neurites around fibrillar plaques. Our results suggest that apoE is critical in stimulating the innate immune response to amyloid pathology.

scholarly journals Lactoferrin Retargets Human Adenoviruses to TLR4 to Induce an Abortive NLRP3-Associated Pyroptotic Response in Human Phagocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coraline Chéneau ◽  
Karsten Eichholz ◽  
Tuan Hiep Tran ◽  
Thi Thu Phuong Tran ◽  
Océane Paris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Surface Complexes ◽  
Human Adenoviruses ◽  
The Impact

Despite decades of clinical and preclinical investigations, we still poorly grasp our innate immune response to human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and their vectors. In this study, we explored the impact of lactoferrin on three HAdV types that are being used as vectors for vaccines. Lactoferrin is a secreted globular glycoprotein that influences direct and indirect innate immune response against a range of pathogens following a breach in tissue homeostasis. The mechanism by which lactoferrin complexes increases HAdV uptake and induce maturation of human phagocytes is unknown. We show that lactoferrin redirects HAdV types from species B, C, and D to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) cell surface complexes. TLR4-mediated internalization of the HAdV-lactoferrin complex induced an NLRP3-associated response that consisted of cytokine release and transient disruption of plasma membrane integrity, without causing cell death. These data impact our understanding of HAdV immunogenicity and may provide ways to increase the efficacy of HAdV-based vectors/vaccines.

scholarly journals Reevaluating the Impact of Epstein-Barr Virus Noncoding RNAs on the Interferon Response

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eain A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Antiviral Responses ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
The Impact

The necessity of viruses to modulate the innate immune response often dictates the outcome of viral infection. As such, viruses encode many factors that undermine these potent antiviral responses.

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